{"id":12675,"date":"2021-04-09T09:25:50","date_gmt":"2021-04-09T07:25:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/?p=12675"},"modified":"2021-04-11T08:44:46","modified_gmt":"2021-04-11T06:44:46","slug":"3-dunya-savasinda-ortadogu-bolum-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/3-dunya-savasinda-ortadogu-bolum-4\/","title":{"rendered":"3. D\u00dcNYA SAVA\u015eI’NDA ORTADO\u011eU-B\u00d6L\u00dcM 4"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

HABER MERKEZ\u0130-<\/strong>Bu b\u00f6lgenin insan yarat\u0131m\u0131 maddi ve manevi de\u011ferlerin a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131nda ve hem toplumculu\u011fu hem de toplum d\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcretmesinde oynam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu rol kadar co\u011frafi durumunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra do\u011fal zenginlikleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da stratejik bir yeri oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. Bu co\u011frafya Kafkasya\u2019dan Hint Okyanusuna, Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndan Avrupa ve Afrika\u2019n\u0131n oldu\u011fu kadar Asya\u2019n\u0131n da derinliklerine uzanan yol hatt\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r. S\u00fcvey\u015f kanal\u0131n\u0131n 1869 y\u0131l\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ve iki denizi birbirine ba\u011flamas\u0131 (K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz-Akdeniz) Orta Do\u011fu ticaret hacmini canland\u0131rmakla kalmam\u0131\u015f, b\u00f6lgenin hali haz\u0131rda var olan \u00f6nemini daha da art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca b\u00f6lgede bulunan petrol-do\u011falgaz gibi rezervler b\u00f6lgeyi cazibe merkezi haline getirmi\u015f ve bu rezervlerin \u00f6nemi neticesinde d\u00fcnya \u00fclkelerinin politikalar\u0131 bu b\u00f6lgede yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ilerleyen teknoloji ile enerjiye ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n artmas\u0131; petrol-do\u011falgaz gibi rezervleri zengin olan \u00fclkelerin \u00f6nemini art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Enerjinin bu kadar \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu bir zamanda BP verilerine g\u00f6re ispatlanm\u0131\u015f petrol rezervlerinin %60\u2019n\u0131n Orta Do\u011fu\u2019da olmas\u0131 bu b\u00f6lgeyi vazge\u00e7ilmez bir alan haline getirmi\u015ftir. Yani d\u00fcnyaya a\u00e7\u0131lmak isteyen t\u00fcm g\u00fc\u00e7lerin zorunlu u\u011frak merkezi olmaktad\u0131r. Zengin kaynaklar\u0131 ve D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n derinliklerine inen yol haritalar\u0131n\u0131n merkezinde bulunan bu b\u00f6lge, tarihte oldu\u011fu gibi bug\u00fcnde emperyalist emellerin \u00fczerinde oyunlar oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 alan olmu\u015ftur. Payla\u015f\u0131m sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00e7ok can yakt\u0131\u011f\u0131-can ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu b\u00f6lge s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci D\u00fcnyevi g\u00fc\u00e7lerden oldu\u011fu kadar, gerici b\u00f6lgesel g\u00fc\u00e7lerden de nasibini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r-almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD\u2019nin b\u00f6lgeye olan ilgisinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Suriye \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n start\u0131ndan bu g\u00fcne b\u00f6lgede konumunu g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren Rusya ve \u00c7in\u2019in dayatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 stratejiler, b\u00f6lgeyi dahada karma\u015f\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. \u0130ran, M\u0131s\u0131r, \u0130srail, Suudi Arabistan ve T\u00fcrk Devleti gibi gerici \u00fclkelerinde \u00fczerine birtak\u0131m hesaplar yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu b\u00f6lge, be\u015fi\u011fi oldu\u011fu insanl\u0131\u011fa yine bir umut kap\u0131s\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r. Zira b\u00f6lgede etkin olan bu g\u00fc\u00e7lerin t\u00fcm\u00fc 2 temel proje\u2019nin alt kollar\u0131nda birle\u015fiyorken her iki proje de halklar\u0131n daha fazla s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, daha fazla talan ve daha fazla ac\u0131y\u0131 getirmeye gebedir. Ancak umut kap\u0131s\u0131 dedi\u011fimiz 3. Bir yol vard\u0131r. G\u00fc\u00e7lenmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zemini en uygun olan b\u00f6lgedeki halktan deste\u011fini alan bir g\u00fc\u00e7 taraf\u0131ndan bu yolun in\u015fa ediliyor olmas\u0131, umut olmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6nder Apo\u2019nun \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc oldu\u011fu fedai gerilla hareketi PKK, Rusya-\u00c7in-\u0130ran-ABD-\u0130srail\u2019in b\u00f6lgede etkin k\u0131lmak istedi\u011fi projelere kar\u015f\u0131 en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc alternatif olan Demokratik Konfederalizm\u2019i in\u015fa ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Petrol ve Do\u011falgazda Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun Yeri ve \u00d6nemi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnyada t\u00fcketilen birincil enerji kaynaklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda petrol % 32,6 ile birinci s\u0131radad\u0131r. Petrol\u00fc % 30 ile k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve % 23,7 ile do\u011falgaz takip etmektedir. N\u00fckleer Enerji, Yenilenebilir Enerji ve Hidroelektrik oranlar\u0131 ise \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviyelerdedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grafik 1: <\/strong>T\u00fcketilen Birincil Enerji Kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 \/ %<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

(2015 Y\u0131l\u0131 Verileridir)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda toplam birincil enerji t\u00fcketiminin % 42,3\u2019\u00fc elektrik \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Elektrik \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in t\u00fcm birincil enerji kaynaklar\u0131 kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. K\u00f6m\u00fcr ve do\u011falgaz t\u00fcketiminin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131, elektrik \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Petrol\u00fcn t\u00fcketiminin ise % 52,8\u2019i ula\u015ft\u0131rma sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde aittir<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn t\u00fcketiminin birincil enerji t\u00fcketimindeki oran\u0131n\u0131n bu kadar y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi \u00c7in ve Asya Pasifik\u2019in kullan\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. D\u00fcnyada t\u00fcketilen k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn \u00fc\u00e7te ikisi Asya Pasifik grubuna aittir. D\u00fcnya k\u00f6m\u00fcr t\u00fcketimin yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ise tek ba\u015f\u0131na \u00c7in yapmaktad\u0131r (BP, 2015). <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131 ve verimlili\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan petrole rakip olmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Do\u011falgaz da \u015fimdilik petrole rakip olamamaktad\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc do\u011falgaz\u0131n % 95\u2019i boru hatlar\u0131yla ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131rken, sadece % 5\u2019lik bir k\u0131sm\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f do\u011falgaz olarak tankerlerle ta\u015f\u0131nabilmektedir. Co\u011frafi ko\u015fullar ve boru hatlar\u0131n\u0131n maliyeti do\u011falgaz\u0131n k\u0131talararas\u0131 yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz etkilemektedir. D\u00fcnyada en fazla do\u011falgaz rezervine sahip \u00fclke olan Rusya dahi do\u011falgaz ticaretinin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131, co\u011frafi olarak kendisine yak\u0131n, eski Sovyet \u00fclkeleri ve Avrupa co\u011frafyas\u0131na ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmektedir (Altay ve Nugay, 2013 s. 15). Ama yine de petrol\u00fcn gelecekte en \u00f6nemli alternatifinin do\u011falgaz oldu\u011funu da ifade etmek gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcketilen enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde en b\u00fcy\u00fck paya sahip olan petrol\u00fcn, d\u00fcnyadaki ispatlanm\u0131\u015f rezervinin % 51,8\u2019i Ortado\u011fu\u2019dad\u0131r. Ortado\u011fu\u2019yu % 19,4 ile G\u00fcney&Orta Amerika, % 13,7 ile Kuzey Amerika, % 9,1 ile Avrupa&Avrasya, % 3,5 ile Afrika ve % 2,5 ile Asya Pasifik izlemektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6lgelere g\u00f6re petrol t\u00fcketimine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, en fazla petrol t\u00fcketen b\u00f6lge % 33,9 ile \u00c7in, Japonya, Hindistan, G\u00fcney Kore gibi d\u00fcnyaya mal ve hizmet \u00fcreten \u00fclkeleri bar\u0131nd\u0131ran Asya Pasifik\u2019tir. Bu b\u00f6lgeyi s\u0131ras\u0131yla % 24,3 ile Kuzey Amerika, % 20,4 ile Avrupa & Avrasya takip etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grafik 2: <\/strong>Petrol Rezerv ve T\u00fcketiminin B\u00f6lgelere G\u00f6re Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 \/ %<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tablodan Petrol rezervinin oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgeler ile t\u00fcketiminin oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerin farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu rahatl\u0131kla g\u00f6r\u00fclebilmektedir. Yani petrole ihtiyac\u0131 olanlar\u0131n petrol\u00fc yoktur. Bu da Ortado\u011fu\u2019yu stratejik bir konuma getiriyor. Sonu\u00e7ta bir denge kuruldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Buna g\u00f6re Ortado\u011fu Asya Pasifik grubunun a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kapat\u0131rken, G\u00fcney Amerika da Kuzey Amerika\u2019n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kapatmaktad\u0131r. Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ise Avrasya ve Ortado\u011fu birlikte kapatmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu noktada Ortado\u011fu, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en kaliteli petrol\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcretmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6zel bir yere sahiptir. Ayr\u0131ca arama ve \u00e7\u0131karma maliyetleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da Grafik 3\u2019te g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi \u00fczere en ucuza \u00fcretilen petrol Ortado\u011fu petrol\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Petrol\u00fcn yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Orta Do\u011fu\u2019da bulunan Do\u011fal Gaz rezervlerinin de \u00f6nemi b\u00fcy\u00fck olmaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnya\u2019daki petrol rezervlerinin kalan \u00f6mr\u00fcne ili\u015fkin yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda da Orta Do\u011fu\u2019daki rezervlerin di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelere oranlar daha uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc olu\u015fuda ayr\u0131ca dikkat \u00e7eken bir durumdur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Buna g\u00f6re; Petrol ve Do\u011fal Gaz Rezervlerinin B\u00f6lgelere G\u00f6re Kalan \u00d6mr\u00fc (Y\u0131l)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1.B\u00f6l\u00fcm \u0130\u00e7in T\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.B\u00f6l\u00fcm \u0130\u00e7in T\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. B\u00f6l\u00fcm \u0130\u00e7in T\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yar\u0131n: Orta Do\u011fuda Etkin G\u00fc\u00e7ler: Orta Do\u011fu’da ABD<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Militan R\u00caHAT-Firat AL\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fcrdistan Stratejik Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Merkezi<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

HABER MERKEZ\u0130-Bu b\u00f6lgenin insan yarat\u0131m\u0131 maddi ve manevi de\u011ferlerin a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131nda ve hem toplumculu\u011fu hem de toplum d\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcretmesinde oynam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu rol kadar co\u011frafi durumunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra do\u011fal zenginlikleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da stratejik bir yeri oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. Bu co\u011frafya Kafkasya\u2019dan Hint Okyanusuna, Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndan Avrupa ve Afrika\u2019n\u0131n oldu\u011fu kadar Asya\u2019n\u0131n da derinliklerine uzanan yol hatt\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":134,"featured_media":12677,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","video":"","gallery":"","source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override":[{"single_blog_custom":"","sidebar":"","second_sidebar":"","share_position":"","share_float_style":"","post_date_format":"","post_date_format_custom":"","post_reading_time_wpm":"","zoom_button_out_step":"1","zoom_button_in_step":"1","number_popup_post":"1"}],"image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"","single_post_gallery_size":""}],"trending_post_position":"","trending_post_label":"","sponsored_post_label":"","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":""},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":""},"jnews_social_meta":{"fb_title":"","fb_description":"","fb_image":"","twitter_title":"","twitter_description":"","twitter_image":""},"jnews_override_counter":{"view_counter_number":"0","share_counter_number":"0","like_counter_number":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"jnews_post_split":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,5,13],"tags":[2204,82,171],"class_list":["post-12675","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arastirmalar","category-haberler","category-dizi-yazi","tag-gaz","tag-orta-dogu","tag-petrol"],"acf":[],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12675","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/134"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12675"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12675\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12705,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12675\/revisions\/12705"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12677"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12675"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12675"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12675"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}