{"id":12717,"date":"2021-04-13T08:40:00","date_gmt":"2021-04-13T06:40:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/?p=12717"},"modified":"2021-04-12T19:47:33","modified_gmt":"2021-04-12T17:47:33","slug":"orta-doguda-etkin-gucler-bolum-8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/orta-doguda-etkin-gucler-bolum-8\/","title":{"rendered":"ORTA DO\u011eU’DA ETK\u0130N G\u00dc\u00c7LER-B\u00d6L\u00dcM 8"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

HABER MERKEZ\u0130-<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynayan Kazan Ortado\u011fu\u2019da T\u00fcrkiye Politikalar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ortado\u011fu b\u00f6lgesi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kurulu\u015fundan bu yana g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc, kula\u011f\u0131n\u0131 neredeyse \u00fczerinden hi\u00e7 ay\u0131rmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015flar\u0131n, s\u0131cak \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n, krizlerin, uluslararas\u0131 m\u00fcdahale ve operasyonlar\u0131n etnik, dini, mezhepsel, kimliksel sorunlar\u0131n yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 hatta bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm haline geldi\u011fi bir b\u00f6lge olarak uluslararas\u0131 sistemde ge\u00e7mi\u015ften g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze \u00f6nemini korumu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Ortado\u011fu politikas\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in b\u00f6lgede 400 y\u0131l devam eden Osmanl\u0131 hakimiyetinin tasfiye edilmesi s\u00fcreci \u00f6nem arz etmektedir. Bu a\u015famada Mekke Emiri \u015eerif H\u00fcseyin ile \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin M\u0131s\u0131r Y\u00fcksek Komiseri Mac Mohan aras\u0131nda devam eden \u00fcnl\u00fc \u201cH\u00fcseyin-Mac Mohan yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131\u201d Irak, Suudi Arabistan, \u00dcrd\u00fcn, L\u00fcbnan gibi Arap devletlerinin kurulu\u015funa giden yolu a\u00e7an esas geli\u015fmedir. Bunu yan\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda halifeli\u011fi kald\u0131rmas\u0131, 1939\u2019da Hatay\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye topraklar\u0131na kat\u0131lmas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Bat\u0131 ittifak\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan Ba\u011fdat Pakt\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde yer almas\u0131, dahas\u0131 1948\u2019de kurulan \u0130srail\u2019i tan\u0131yan ilk devletlerden biri olmas\u0131 Ortado\u011fu\u2019yla olan ili\u015fkilerini bi\u00e7imlendiren \u00f6nemi tarihsel olaylard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cumhuriyeti kuran Kemalist kadro, I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan t\u00fcm dikkatini ve enerjisini ulus-devleti in\u015fa s\u00fcrecine vererek devletleraras\u0131 ikili ili\u015fkilerden bir s\u00fcre uzak kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrk d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine in\u015fa edildi\u011fi temel prensipler; bat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ve stat\u00fckoculuk ilkeleridir. Irak, Suriye ve L\u00fcbnan gibi Ortado\u011fu \u00fclkeleri \u0130ngiliz ve Frans\u0131z manda y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fundan T\u00fcrkiye ilk d\u00f6nemlerde bu \u00fclkelerle ili\u015fkilerini \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa \u00fczerinden y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu minvalde Ortado\u011fu ile ili\u015fkiler tamam\u0131yla kopmu\u015f bir vaziyette olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi genellikle T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7erde yeni rejimi g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme ve mevcut s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 koruma politikas\u0131n\u0131 tercih etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 sistemin ve Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun yap\u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f, \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa b\u00f6lgeden \u00e7ekilmi\u015f, b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleri ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bununla birlikte sistem, Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 olarak iki blo\u011fa ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, So\u011fuk Sava\u015f k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede etkisini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye bu yap\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde Sovyetleri tehdit olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye ile Bat\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki siyasi ittifak ili\u015fkisi, 1952\u2019de NATO \u00fcyeli\u011fi ile askeri ittifaka evirilmi\u015f, bu durum ekonomik yard\u0131mlar\u0131 da beraberinde getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Ortado\u011fu\u2019ya y\u00f6nelik Bat\u0131 yanl\u0131s\u0131 politikalar\u0131 1960\u2019larda de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun sebebi \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan T\u00fcrkiye ve Bat\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131d\u0131r. 1964\u2019te ABD\u2019nin K\u0131br\u0131s meselesi ile ilgili \u201cJohnson Mektubu\u201d ve 1975-1978 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ambargo karar\u0131 T\u00fcrk-Amerikan ili\u015fkilerini olumsuz etkilemi\u015f, nitekim bu durum T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Ortado\u011fu politikalar\u0131na da yans\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6nde bir kararla T\u00fcrkiye, 1967 Arap-\u0130srail sava\u015f\u0131nda Araplar\u0131 destekleyerek Bat\u0131 yanl\u0131s\u0131 imaj\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bununla birlikte 1967\u2019de \u0130srail\u2019in Kud\u00fcs\u2019\u00fc i\u015fgali sonras\u0131 Mescidi Aksa\u2019da \u00e7\u0131kan yang\u0131n nedeniyle \u0130slam Konferans\u0131 toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye bu d\u00f6nemde b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleri Irak ve Suriye ile F\u0131rat ve Dicle nehir sular\u0131n\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 noktas\u0131nda etik olmayan yollara ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur. Suriye ve Irak, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin suyu kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak tuttu\u011funu ve Ortado\u011fu politikas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir koz olarak kullanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1980\u2019lerde \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan PKK \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Hareketinin m\u00fccadelesi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Ortado\u011fu politikas\u0131nda da de\u011fi\u015fimler ya\u015fatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede Suriye rejimi ile \u00e7e\u015fitli konularda anla\u015fma yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f fakat sonu\u00e7suz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k da g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de devam eden su tehdidiyle kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye bu d\u00f6nemde G\u00fcvenlik odakl\u0131 bir d\u0131\u015f politika sergilemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1990\u2019larda Sovyetlerin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ile So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6nemi sona ermi\u015f, T\u00fcrkiye ise stratejik \u00f6neminin kaybolaca\u011f\u0131 endi\u015fesine kap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, yeni sistem T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin etraf\u0131nda yeni \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 da beraberinde getirmi\u015f, g\u00fcvenlik odakl\u0131 politikalar T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Ortado\u011fu politikalar\u0131n\u0131 \u015fekillendirmi\u015ftir. Sorunlar\u0131n yine Suriye ve Irak temelli olmas\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi stratejik olarak \u0130srail\u2019e yakla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin g\u00fcvenli\u011fi merkeze alarak \u0130srail ile geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi i\u015f birli\u011fi Arap \u00fclkelerinin tekrar tepkisine neden olmu\u015ftur. Bu perspektifle bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 1950\u2019ler ile 1990\u2019lardaki Ortado\u011fu politikalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda benzerliklerin oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2000\u2019lerin ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren uluslararas\u0131 sistemde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan de\u011fi\u015fimler do\u011frultusunda T\u00fcrk d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131nda Ortado\u011fu\u2019ya y\u00f6nelik politikalarda da de\u011fi\u015fiklikler ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 11 Eyl\u00fcl sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 sonras\u0131 ABD \u201cYeni D\u00fcnya D\u00fczeninin\u201d olu\u015fum s\u00fcrecinde T\u00fcrkiye Bat\u0131 ile hareket ederken di\u011fer taraftan da b\u00f6lgesel g\u00fc\u00e7lerle politikalar y\u00fcr\u00fctebilmenin aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7ine girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2002 genel se\u00e7imlerinde AK Parti\u2019nin iktidara gelmesi ile d\u0131\u015f politikada ve Ortado\u011fu politikas\u0131nda geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 bir de\u011fi\u015fim olmu\u015ftur. AKP fa\u015fist rejimi \u0130ktidarda bulundu\u011fu s\u00fcre boyunca T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Ortado\u011fu\u2019da kan, sava\u015f ve katliam\u0131n fitili ate\u015fleyen b\u00f6lgesel bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6lgesel g\u00fc\u00e7lerin i\u00e7 sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 derinle\u015ftirmi\u015f, hegemon devletlerin Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki piyonu olma rol\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcstlenmi\u015ftir. Bu rol\u00fc \u00fcstlenirken de Ortado\u011fu\u2019da yeni Osmanl\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k projesini aktifle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeni Osmanl\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k projesi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il\u0131ml\u0131 \u0130slam modeli ile \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131na giren ve Ergenekon operasyonlar\u0131yla devleti ele ge\u00e7iren yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmet Yeni Osmanl\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k projesiyle kendi egemenlik sahas\u0131n\u0131 yaratmaya y\u00f6neldi. Irak, Suriye, M\u0131s\u0131r, Libya gibi \u00fclkeler \u00fczerinden b\u00f6lgesel politikalar geli\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. K\u00fcrt kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u0130ran\u2019a yakla\u015ft\u0131. \u0130srail ile ili\u015fkilerini bozdu. Irak i\u00e7inde sonradan DA\u0130\u015e\u2019e d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fecek olan radikal muhalefetin olu\u015fmas\u0131nda ve geli\u015ftirilmesinde rol oynad\u0131. Yeni Osmanl\u0131c\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye bu yolda ilerlerken geli\u015fen \u201cArap Bahar\u0131 olaylar\u0131 ile yeni f\u0131rsatlar yaratman\u0131n aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7ine girdi. Libya\u2019da NATO operasyonlar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fcs vererek bat\u0131 yap\u0131m\u0131 radikal gruplar\u0131 destekledi. Kaddafi\u2019nin devrilmesinde rol oynad\u0131. TOK\u0130 \u00fczerinden y\u0131k\u0131lan Libya\u2019y\u0131 yeniden in\u015fa edece\u011fini ve Libya petrollerinden pay alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sand\u0131 ama olmad\u0131. M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Karde\u015fleri destekledi. Onunla b\u00f6lgesel d\u00fczlemde yeni bir egemenlik alan\u0131 yaratabilece\u011fini sand\u0131 ama Suudi ve ABD destekli bir darbe ile Sisi i\u015fba\u015f\u0131na geldi yeni Osmanl\u0131 projesi o cephede de yara ald\u0131. \u0130ran ile n\u00fckleer g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin olumlu sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131 da yeni Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir oyununu bo\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde ABD ve bat\u0131 politikalar\u0131yla ters d\u00fc\u015fen Erdo\u011fan ve AKP\u2019si ile ortak olan Cemaat ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bozuldu. Bu durum b\u00f6lge politikalar\u0131nda bat\u0131 ile Erdo\u011fan kli\u011finin aras\u0131nda sorun oldu\u011funun bir g\u00f6stergesi olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son celsede T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bilinen bir d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131ndan bahsetmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. T\u00fcrkiye’nin 2018’de Tek Adam rejimine ge\u00e7i\u015finden bu yana, Ankara’n\u0131n izledi\u011fi \u015fey neredeyse ulusal bir d\u0131\u015f politika de\u011fil, fa\u015fist \u015fef Erdo\u011fan’\u0131n i\u00e7erideki siyasi duru\u015funu, halkla ili\u015fkiler tarz\u0131nda korumak ve g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f d\u0131\u015f ili\u015fkiler halini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fa\u015fist \u015fefin \u00e7eli\u015fkilerini daha iyi anlamak i\u00e7in, Ankara’n\u0131n diplomatik se\u00e7imlerini d\u0131\u015f politika olarak de\u011fil, Fa\u015fist \u015eefin siyasi hayatta kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak hesaplamalar ya da \u00fclke i\u00e7indeki imaj\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirecek tan\u0131t\u0131m g\u00f6sterileri olarak g\u00f6rmek gerekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD ve Rusya i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki konumu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tarihten g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze de\u011fin \u00f6nemli ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131n merkezinde bulunan Anadolu Ortado\u011fu\u2019da etkin olmak isteyen g\u00fc\u00e7lerin sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131ndan nasibini her zaman alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anadolu\u2019nun so\u011fuk sava\u015f d\u00f6nemdeki \u00f6nemi, s\u0131cak \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma d\u00f6neminde azalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, daha da artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ortado\u011fu siyasi \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n s\u0131cak olarak ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir b\u00f6lge olman\u0131n \u00f6tesinde, b\u00fcy\u00fck devletlerin aralar\u0131ndaki \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n da ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir aland\u0131r. Modern anlamda devletle\u015fememi\u015f irili ufakl\u0131 yap\u0131lar\u0131n mezhep ve etnik \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarla birbiri \u00fczerinde hakimiyet kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu b\u00f6lge b\u00fcy\u00fck devletlerin silah pazar\u0131 i\u015flevi yan\u0131nda, ayn\u0131 zamanda s\u00f6z konusu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc devletler aras\u0131nda \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc siyasi ve egemenlik m\u00fccadelesine de sahne olmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye, Avrupa ile Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun kesi\u015fti\u011fi b\u00f6lgedeki konumu nedeniyle, kah tampon i\u015flevi, kah etnik ve dinsel yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 itibariyle g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc devletlerin ilgi alan\u0131na girmektedir. Tarihsel \u00f6zelli\u011fi ile Ortado\u011fu \u00fclkeleri \u00fczerinde do\u011fal etkisi oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen T\u00fcrkiye, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc devletlerce Ortado\u011fu\u2019yu denetlemede ko\u00e7 ba\u015f\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u0130ngilizlerin hakim oldu\u011fu Ortado\u011fu g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ABD ile Rusya aras\u0131ndaki \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc alan kapma m\u00fccadelesine sahne olmaktad\u0131r. ABD\u2019nin karde\u015f m\u00fcttefiki \u0130srail kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Rusya ile yak\u0131n ili\u015fkisi olan \u0130ran, y\u00f6resel hakimiyet, petrol ve su kaynaklar\u0131 alan\u0131nda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7indedir. Katar, Suudi Arabistan, Kuveyt vb. gibi devletler de ABD yan\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor olmakla beraber, b\u00f6lgedeki h\u00e2kimiyetleri T\u00fcrkiye kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olamamaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6yle bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ile olsa gerek, ABD men\u015feli bir proje olan B\u00fcy\u00fck Ortado\u011fu Projesi\u2019nin bir zamanlar e\u015f ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revini y\u00fcklenmi\u015f olan T\u00fcrkiye, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcsel olarak ABD\u2019nin b\u00f6lgede y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc konumunda idi. Ortado\u011fu b\u00f6lgesinde bulunan \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6nemli devletten M\u0131s\u0131r ABD eksenine girmi\u015fken, geriye T\u00fcrkiye ve \u0130ran kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 15 Temmuz darbesi ve irili ufakl\u0131 manevralara bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda Rusya b\u00f6lgedeki h\u00e2kimiyetini giderek art\u0131rmakta ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi yan\u0131na \u00e7ekmektedir. Yine 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda faaliyete konulan Mavi Ak\u0131m Projesinin kapsam\u0131 geni\u015fletilerek 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda da T\u00fcrkiye ile Rusya aras\u0131nda Mersin Akkuyu’da bir n\u00fckleer santral kurulmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik anla\u015fma imzaland\u0131. Bu ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin hat de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi giri\u015fimlerini engellemek, hatta olabildi\u011fince ortadan kald\u0131rmak ABD taraf\u0131ndan gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede ABD, \u0130MF\u2019den y\u00fcksek bir mebla\u011fda para yard\u0131m\u0131 yapt\u0131. Yine T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin NATO \u00fcyeli\u011fi kapsam\u0131nda askeri te\u00e7hizat takviyeleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de ABD ve Rusya aras\u0131nda devam eden \u00e7eki\u015fme halinin, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi \u00e7\u0131kmaza s\u00fcr\u00fckledi\u011fini g\u00f6rmekteyiz. Bir yandan Rusya\u2019dan sat\u0131n al\u0131nan S-400 Hava savunma sistemleri nedeniyle ABD ile \u00e7eli\u015fen T\u00fcrkiye, di\u011fer yandan da \u0130dlib ve Libya\u2019da e\u011fitti\u011fi paramiliter \u00e7eteler eliyle Rusya kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki g\u00fc\u00e7leri desteklemesi bu b\u00f6lgelerde Rusya ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00f6n\u00fcnde duran bu krizler hen\u00fcz a\u015f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olmakla birlikte her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn daha da derinle\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u0131s\u0131r \u0130\u00e7in Ortado\u011fu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Afrika\u2019n\u0131n ve Arap D\u00fcnyas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli g\u00fc\u00e7lerinden biri olan M\u0131s\u0131r, jeopolitik anlamda Kuzey Afrika ve K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz\u2019in yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun da ciddi b\u00f6lgesel g\u00fc\u00e7lerden birini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. 1950 ve 1960 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda b\u00f6lgede y\u00f6n veren bir devlet \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahipti. Bunun \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenleri vard\u0131r. Ama en \u00f6nemlisi de d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde M\u0131s\u0131r inisiyatifli ve merkezli olan Arap Ligi ad\u0131nda Ortado\u011fu meselelerinin tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir platform olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. B\u00f6ylece M\u0131s\u0131r b\u00f6lgesel liderlerin dan\u0131\u015fma ve siyaset olu\u015fturma toplant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n merkezi haline gelmi\u015ftir. D\u00f6nemin lideri Nas\u0131r\u2019\u0131n ve M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n bu konumu \u0130srail\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 1967 sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesi sonras\u0131 yava\u015f yava\u015f de\u011fi\u015fmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 1970\u2019lerin ortalar\u0131nda \u2013 Nas\u0131r\u2019dan sonra ba\u015fkan olan \u2013 Enver Sedat\u2019\u0131n \u0130srail ziyaretiyle ve ard\u0131ndan 1979\u2019de bar\u0131\u015f anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 imzalamas\u0131yla sona ermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ortado\u011fu\u2019da 1979\u2019daki devrimden sonra \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n b\u00f6lge politikalar\u0131n\u0131 belirli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde terk etmesiyle olu\u015fan g\u00fc\u00e7 bo\u015flu\u011funu doldurmak isteyen M\u0131s\u0131r d\u0131\u015f politikada farkl\u0131l\u0131klar yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede Ortado\u011fu siyasetinde kaybetti\u011fi etkiyi tekrardan kazanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun bir g\u00f6stergesi olarak M\u0131s\u0131r, 1984\u2019te eski ad\u0131yla \u0130slam Konferans\u0131 \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc olan \u0130slam \u0130\u015f Birli\u011fi Te\u015fkilat\u0131\u2019na (\u0130\u0130T) yeniden kabul edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1990\u2019larda k\u00fcresel ve b\u00f6lgesel denge ve dinamikler de Kahire lehine de\u011fi\u015fti: Irak\u2019\u0131n Kuveyt\u2019i i\u015fgal etmesi ABD \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki m\u00fcdahaleyi beraberinde getirdi. M\u00fcdahalenin ard\u0131ndan Irak\u2019\u0131n Arap liderli\u011fi iddias\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcdecek g\u00fcc\u00fc kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki ana rakibi olma ihtimali kalmad\u0131. Yine 1989\u2019da So\u011fuk Sava\u015f\u2019\u0131n bitmesiyle Kahire\u2019nin b\u00f6lge politikalar\u0131nda etkili rol alabilece\u011fi geni\u015f sahalar a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Fakat bu f\u0131rsatlar\u0131 etkili bir \u015fekilde kullanamayan M\u0131s\u0131r yerel halk ve b\u00f6lge g\u00fc\u00e7leri taraf\u0131ndan ABD ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ajan\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u201cArap Bahar\u0131\u201d kapsam\u0131nda ABD\u2019nin b\u00f6lgedeki en \u00f6nemli m\u00fcttefiklerinden biri olan M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n eski devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 H\u00fcsn\u00fc M\u00fcbarek, M\u0131s\u0131r ordusunun deste\u011fini kaybetmesiyle birlikte 2011\u2019de iktidardan devrilmi\u015fti. M\u00fcbarek rejiminin devrilmesinden sonra Muhammed Mursi, 30 Haziran 2012\u2019de cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak g\u00f6reve ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Karde\u015fleri iktidara ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015f, Mursi\u2019nin iktidara gelmesinden sonra M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli de\u011fi\u015fimler ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Karde\u015flerle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve Adalet Partisi\u2019nin aday\u0131 olan Mursi\u2019nin, M\u0131s\u0131r halk\u0131n\u0131n %30\u2019unun kat\u0131l\u0131m sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir se\u00e7imle i\u015f ba\u015f\u0131na gelmesi, ABD\u2019nin b\u00f6lgede \u00f6nemli bir m\u00fcttefikini kaybetti\u011fine dair de\u011ferlendirmelere yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu do\u011frultuda Mursi\u2019nin ilk yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ziyaretlerinden birini \u00c7in ve \u0130ran\u2019a y\u00f6nelik ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Rusya Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Vladimir Putin ile de So\u00e7i\u2019de bir araya gelerek g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesi, ABD\u2019yi M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131 kaybedece\u011fi konusunda endi\u015feye sevk etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130srail\u2019in g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131na alman\u0131n \u00f6neminin fark\u0131nda olan ABD, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131n Amerikan \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n tam aksine y\u00f6nlendirilmesinin; b\u00f6lgedeki siyas\u00ee ve ekonomik \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na zarar verece\u011fi i\u00e7in M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 olduk\u00e7a dikkatli hareket etmek durumunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u0131s\u0131r, s\u00f6z konusu d\u00f6nemde \u0130ran ile Suriye meselesinde anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar ya\u015famas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Mursi\u2019nin 30 y\u0131l sonra \u0130ran\u2019\u0131 ziyaret eden ilk M\u0131s\u0131r Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 olmas\u0131, Kahire\u2019nin Tahran ile bir m\u00fcttefiklik kurmak istedi\u011fi sorusunu ak\u0131llara getirmi\u015ftir. Bu durum ABD ve \u0130srail\u2019in M\u0131s\u0131r siyasetini do\u011frudan etkileyen \u00f6nemli hususlardan biri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmekteydi. En nihayetinde M\u0131s\u0131r Savunma Bakan\u0131 Abd\u00fclfettah es- Sisi liderli\u011findeki bir darbe sonucu 3 Temmuz 2013\u2019te iktidardan zorla el \u00e7ektirilen Mursi\u2019nin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle birlikte iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7iren Sisi, M\u0131s\u0131r d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131 farkl\u0131 bir y\u00f6nde \u015fekillendirmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f ve ABD\u2019nin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u0130srail ile de gizemli ili\u015fkiler a\u011f\u0131 kurmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suudi Arabistan ve BAE gibi Arap \u00fclkeleriyle yak\u0131nla\u015fan Sisi\u2019nin; Atlantik kamp\u0131na yak\u0131n bir politika takip etmesinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Rusya ve \u00c7in ile de ili\u015fkilerini belirli bir d\u00fczeyde s\u00fcrd\u00fcrerek Avrasya kamp\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde de bir m\u00fcttefik h\u00e2lini almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019daki siyas\u00ee me\u015fruiyetini ve uluslararas\u0131 destek sa\u011flamak ad\u0131na \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir d\u0131\u015f politika izleyen Sisi, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Mursi\u2019den yana tav\u0131r almas\u0131 sebebiyle T\u00fcrkiye ile mevcut siyas\u00ee ili\u015fkilerini g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmek durumunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu noktada T\u00fcrkiye ile siyasi anlamda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye \u00e7at\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 tek konu bu de\u011fildir. Son y\u0131llarda Suriye\u2019de ve Libya\u2019da cihadist \u00e7eteler eliyle i\u015fgal alan\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmek isteyen T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 d\u0131\u015f politikada keskin bir tav\u0131r ortaya koymu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fanan d\u0131\u015f politika krizleri Sisi\u2019nin kom\u015fular\u0131yla ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar\u0131n derinle\u015fmesini engelleyemedi\u011fi ve b\u00f6lgesel politikalarda kamuoyu deste\u011fini bulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir g\u00f6stergesi olarak okunabilir. Sisi\u2019nin Libya, Suriye, Yemen, Katar ve T\u00fcrkiye gibi \u00fclkelere y\u00f6nelik izledi\u011fi politikalar g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduruldu\u011funda, Kahire\u2019nin d\u0131\u015f politikada kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 kriz alanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nemde daha da fazlala\u015faca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkesi BAE\u2019nin Ortado\u011fu Politikas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

BAE b\u00f6lgesel g\u00fc\u00e7lere g\u00f6re yeni ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir devlet olarak 1971 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulmu\u015ftur. Sahip oldu\u011fu jeopolitik konumunu ve do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 stratejik bir \u015fekilde kullanarak izledi\u011fi politikalarla k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun etkili g\u00fc\u00e7lerinden biri olmu\u015ftur.  BAE\u2019nin d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131 Arap Bahar\u2019\u0131na kadar; yumu\u015fak g\u00fcc\u00fc, ara buluculuk faaliyetlerini, ekonomiyi, kimlik temelli yard\u0131mlar\u0131 \u00f6nceleyen ve m\u00fcdahaleci olmayan faaliyetleri i\u00e7ermi\u015ftir. \u0130lk y\u0131llar\u0131nda kendini b\u00f6lge g\u00fc\u00e7lerine kan\u0131tlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan BAE d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131 da bu anlay\u0131\u015fla uygulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda Muhammed Bin Zayid\u2019in veliaht prens olarak y\u00f6netimi fiilen ele ge\u00e7irmesiyle g\u00fcvenlik\u00e7i politikalar BAE i\u00e7inde zemin kazanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kritik d\u00f6neme\u00e7: Arap Bahar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan BAE\u2019nin d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131nda Arap Bahar\u0131 s\u00fcreci kritik bir e\u015fik olmu\u015ftur. BAE d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131 siyasi, ekonomik ve asker\u00ee a\u00e7\u0131dan olduk\u00e7a aktif ve m\u00fcdahaleci bir h\u00e2l alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sivil topluma kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan, otoriter bir y\u00f6netim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 savunan, ideolojik olarak da siyasal \u0130slam’a kar\u015f\u0131 olan BAE, Arap Bahar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kayg\u0131ya kap\u0131ld\u0131. 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bahreyn\u2019de halk g\u00f6sterilerinin asker\u00ee olarak bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli rol oynamas\u0131, Libya\u2019da Kaddafi rejiminin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin de destek verdi\u011fi NATO operasyonu ile devrilmesine siyasi me\u015fruiyet zemini haz\u0131rlamas\u0131 somut \u00f6rnek te\u015fkil etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BAE, Arap bahar\u0131n\u0131 izleyen s\u00fcre\u00e7te Yemen sava\u015f\u0131, Katar krizi, Libya’daki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar gibi bir\u00e7ok s\u00fcrece m\u00fcdahil oldu. Tunus\u2019ta da benzer \u015fekilde pozisyon alan BAE y\u00f6netimi se\u00e7ilmi\u015f Nahda h\u00fck\u00fbmetine kar\u015f\u0131 eski rejimin akt\u00f6rlerinden olu\u015fan Nida Tunus Partisi\u2019ni siyasi ve ekonomik olarak desteklemektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2013\u2019te g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da fark eden BAE, ordunun Muhammed Mursi rejimini devirmesine yard\u0131m etti. \u0130lk defa burada, para ve istihbarat\u0131 i\u00e7eren yumu\u015fak g\u00fc\u00e7 kulland\u0131. “K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u00fclke olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen kendine hep \u00f6zel stratejik hedefler bulan BAE, 2014 yaz\u0131nda Libya’ya d\u00f6n\u00fcp Haysiyet Operasyonu’nu ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, onu Libya’da \u00f6nemli bir oyuncu olmaya itebileceklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcler. Bu, son d\u00f6neme kadar da devam etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BAE, 2015’te Yemen’deki operasyonlara dahil oldu. Suudilerle i\u015f birli\u011fi yapt\u0131 ancak as\u0131l \u00f6nceli\u011fi, Suudiler gibi Husi isyanc\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f de\u011fildi. \u00d6nceli\u011fi, g\u00fcneyi kontrol etmekti ve bunun i\u00e7in ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 G\u00fcney Ulusal Hareketi’ni destekledi. Katar ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Arap Bahar\u0131 s\u00fcrecini destekleyen politikalar izlemesi 2017\u2019de Katar\u2019\u0131n BAE ile K\u00f6rfez krizi ya\u015famas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yine Suriye krizinin ilk d\u00f6neminde Be\u015far Esad y\u00f6netiminin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc sergileyen ancak baz\u0131 b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleri kadar i\u00e7 sava\u015fa dahil olmayan BAE, zamanla Suriye’deki pozisyonunu yeniledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gelinen a\u015fama itibariyle BAE taraf\u0131ndan, \u00f6ncelikle rejim g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak \u00fczerine bina edilen \u0130hvan kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n daha sonra b\u00f6lgesel g\u00fcvenlik perspektifinin temel dinami\u011fi oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Ortado\u011fu\u2019da stat\u00fckonun koruyuculu\u011funu \u00fcstlenen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkesi BAE temelde Orta Do\u011fu’da Suudi Arabistan ve \u0130ran gibi \u00fclkelerle rekabet edebilecek bir orta \u00f6l\u00e7ekli g\u00fc\u00e7 olmay\u0131 hedeflemektedir. Bu ba\u011flamda \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131nda hem yumu\u015fak g\u00fcce hem de sert g\u00fcce ba\u015fvurma yoluna gidecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun Kilit g\u00fc\u00e7lerinden Suudi Arabistan\u2019\u0131n D\u0131\u015f Politikalar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun \u00f6nemli g\u00fc\u00e7lerinden biri de Suudi Arabistan\u2019d\u0131r. Gerek geni\u015f co\u011frafyas\u0131 gerek zengin petrol yataklar\u0131 ve gerekse \u0130slamiyet\u2019in do\u011fdu\u011fu yer olmas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla b\u00f6lgede ve d\u00fcnyada etkili \u00fclkelerden biridir. K\u00f6rfez terminalleri vas\u0131tas\u0131 ile Asya\u2019ya K\u0131z\u0131l Deniz terminalleri vas\u0131tas\u0131 ile de Afrika ve Avrupa K\u0131talar\u0131na ge\u00e7i\u015f hatt\u0131 durumundad\u0131r. Do\u011fusunda Basra K\u00f6rfezi, Bat\u0131s\u0131nda K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz, Kuzeyinde \u00dcrd\u00fcn, Irak, Kuveyt, G\u00fcneyinde Yemen, Umman, Bat\u0131s\u0131nda Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri ile ortak s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda Arabistan de\u011fer kazanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Petrol gelirleri 1950\u2019lerden sonra Suudi Arabistan\u2019\u0131n fakir ve izole edilmi\u015f toplumunu de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131 ve 1970\u2019lerin ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren de bu de\u011fi\u015fim h\u0131zla artt\u0131. 1977 de petrol gelirleri 40 milyar dolar civar\u0131na ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve bu giderek art\u0131yordu. Birinci 5 y\u0131ll\u0131k kalk\u0131nma plan\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lan b\u00fct\u00e7e 250-300 milyar dolar civar\u0131ndayd\u0131. Giderek do\u011falgaz ve petrol\u00fcn k\u0131tla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fcnyada Suudi Arabistan daha da de\u011ferli hale geldi. 1920 de Mekke\u2019nin ele ge\u00e7irilmesinden sonra Suudi Arabistan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Devletler aras\u0131ndaki uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 azaltmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yemen i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131nda kom\u00fcnistlere kar\u015f\u0131 krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 desteklemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suudi Arabistan\u2019\u0131n d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131 petrol \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemde ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin garant\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde geli\u015fti. Daha sonra \u0130ngiltere bu rol\u00fc ABD ye devretti \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra \u0130ngiltere ekonomik zorluklar ya\u015famaya ba\u015flad\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 alandaki etkinli\u011fini kaybetti. Bununla beraber k\u00f6rfez b\u00f6lgesinde, ticaret alan\u0131nda Anglo-Amerikan rekabeti devam etti. Suudi Arabistan\u2019\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki politikas\u0131 devleti sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rmak ve daha sonraki a\u015famalar halk\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak, rejime ve petrol end\u00fcstrisine kar\u015f\u0131 hareketleri engellemek ve bunlar\u0131 sa\u011flama almakt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra Suudi Arabistan\u2019\u0131n d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131nda dini tutumlar ve y\u00f6netici ailenin muhafazak\u00e2r do\u011fas\u0131 etkili olmu\u015ftur. Sovyetlerin b\u00f6lgede etkili olmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Suudi Arabistan Sovyetlerle resmi ili\u015fki kurmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun nedenini Kral Faysal 1963\u2019te \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Sovyetler Birli\u011fi ile ili\u015fkilerimiz yoktur. Bunun nedeni de aram\u0131zdaki doktrinsel uyu\u015fmazl\u0131kt\u0131r\u2019\u2019. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suudi Arabistan\u2019\u0131n \u0130srail\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 olmas\u0131 Suudi D\u0131\u015f Politikas\u0131nda bir ikileme neden olmu\u015ftur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Sovyet yay\u0131lmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 duran en etkili devlet ABD idi. Bunun yan\u0131nda \u0130srail b\u00f6lgede ABD\u2019nin en ba\u015fta gelen m\u00fcttefiki idi. ABD ve Suudi Arabistan aras\u0131ndaki yak\u0131n askeri, diplomatik ve ekonomik ba\u011flar Suudilerin, ABD\u2019nin \u0130srail yanl\u0131s\u0131 d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan ABD kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00fcst\u00fcn geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1950 ve 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda Suudi Arabistan M\u0131s\u0131r \u0131 kendi h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme \u00e7abas\u0131 i\u00e7ine girdikleri iddias\u0131yla su\u00e7lad\u0131. M\u0131s\u0131rdaki sol k\u00f6kenli Arap milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 K\u00f6rfez \u00dclkeleri ve Arap olmayan Muhafazak\u00e2r di\u011fer M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclkelerle yak\u0131n ba\u011flar kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. D\u00fcnya \u0130slam Ligi 1962 de Suudi Arabistan\u2019\u0131n merkezli\u011finde ve onun \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde kuruldu. Suudi Arabistan bu d\u00f6nemde, kom\u015fu \u00fclkeler \u00fczerinde etkili olma, D\u00fcnya M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcnde prestij sahibi olma ve \u0130slami blo\u011fa liderlik etme daha az riskli ve daha kazan\u00e7l\u0131 bir politika olarak benimseniyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1989\u2019daki Rejim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ile \u0130ran Suudi Arabistan i\u00e7in gizli bir politik rakip oldu. Bu olaydan sonra b\u00f6lgede liderlik m\u00fccadelesi daha da k\u0131z\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Daha \u00f6nce b\u00f6lgede genelde M\u0131s\u0131r ile T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan liderlik rekabeti \u0130ran sonra \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n iddial\u0131 bir duruma gelmesi ve b\u00f6lgedeki \u00fclkelere rejim ihra\u00e7 etme \u00e7abalar\u0131 nedeniyle b\u00f6lge \u00fclkelerinin endi\u015felerine neden oldu. K\u00f6rfez \u0130\u015f birli\u011fi \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n rejim ihra\u00e7 \u00e7abalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kurulmu\u015f bir \u00f6rg\u00fctt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suudi-ABD\u2019nin Ortado\u011fu\u2019da Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Temel \u015eifresi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bin y\u0131ld\u0131r Araplar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda hep yerel liderler vard\u0131. \u015eeyhler, generaller, krallar \u0130ngiltere ve ABD gibi emperyal g\u00fc\u00e7ler taraf\u0131ndan atan\u0131yordu. Irak i\u015fgalinin parampar\u00e7a etti\u011fi siyasi, etnik ve mezhepsel dengeler \u015fimdi b\u00f6lgede en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma riskini olu\u015fturuyor. Bahreyn\u2019de El Halife devrilirse, S. Arabistan tehlikeye girecek. Bu nedenle 1000 ki\u015filik Suudi askeri birli\u011fi Bahreyn\u2019e girdi. %70\u2019i \u015eii olan Bahreynliler, y\u00f6netim ile anla\u015f\u0131rsa S. Arabistan i\u00e7in tehlike b\u00fcy\u00fcr. Bu nedenle Bahreyn\u2019de S\u00fcnni y\u00f6netimin devam\u0131 ABD ve Suudi Arabistan \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na uygundur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Bahreyn\u2019de 60 y\u0131ldan beri Amerikan \u00fcss\u00fc vard\u0131r. ABD\u2019nin 5. Filosu burada konu\u015flanmaktad\u0131r ve 4 binden fazla askeri vard\u0131r. \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n destekledi\u011fi ve kontrol etti\u011fi \u015eii \u00e7emberi, S. Arabistan ve b\u00f6lgedeki di\u011fer S\u00fcnni y\u00f6netimleri ciddi \u015fekilde tehdit etmektedir. ABD a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en k\u00f6t\u00fc senaryo, bu \u00fclkelerin siyasi ve ekonomik alanda ger\u00e7ek bir ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fmalar\u0131d\u0131r. En b\u00fcy\u00fck tehdit her zaman ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k olmu\u015ftur. ABD ve m\u00fcttefikleri d\u00fczenli \u015fekilde radikal \u0130slamc\u0131lar\u0131 desteklemi\u015ftir. Bazen, ulusalc\u0131l\u0131k tehdidini ve bazen de Laik milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi engellemek i\u00e7in. Bilindik bir \u00f6rnek S. Arabistan\u2019d\u0131r. Radikal \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n ideolojik merkezidir. Uzun liste i\u00e7erisinde di\u011fer bir isim, Pakistan diktat\u00f6rlerinden en zalimi ve Ba\u015fkan Reagan\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6zdesi, radikal \u0130slamla\u015ft\u0131rma program\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcten (Suudi fonlar\u0131yla\/deste\u011fi ile) Ziya \u00fcl-Hak\u2019t\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ortado\u011fu\u2019yu anlamak i\u00e7in \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin b\u00f6lgeden \u00e7ekildi\u011fi 1970\u2019den bu yana devam eden ABD-Suudi ili\u015fkilerini bilmek gerekir. ABD- Suudi Arabistan Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ABD\u2019nin liderli\u011fini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve korudu\u011funu iddia etti\u011fi uluslararas\u0131 de\u011ferler \u00fczerine de\u011fil, her iki \u00fclkenin ulusal \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 \u00fczerine kurulmu\u015ftur. Suudi Arabistan, 1975\u2019de Amerikan Dolar\u0131n\u0131n, petrol fiyat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131pa olmas\u0131n\u0131 kabul ederek ABD\u2019nin k\u00fcresel h\u00e2kimiyetinin yolunu a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, ABD de bir yandan Suudi Arabistan\u2019\u0131n toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc korumay\u0131 garanti ederken bir yandan da Suudi Rejiminin \u015fim\u015fek \u00e7eken uygulamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 toplumun tepkilerine kalkan olmaktad\u0131r. ABD\u2019nin Suudi Arabistan \u00fczerinden sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 avantajlar sadece petrol fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n dolara endekslenmesi de\u011fildir. Suudilerin petrol gelirlerinin tamam\u0131 Amerikan finans \u2013kapital sistemine aktar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu paralar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu, ABD\u2019den sa\u011flanan silah al\u0131mlar\u0131 ile di\u011fer mal ve hizmetlerin ithaline harcanmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece ABD bir ta\u015fla \u00fc\u00e7 ku\u015f vurmaktad\u0131r. ABD\u2019nin b\u00f6lgedeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcsleri Bahreyn ve Suudi Arabistan\u2019dad\u0131r. Bu \u00fcsler sayesinde Akdeniz, Basra K\u00f6rfezi ve Hint Okyanusu deniz yollar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmektedir. En son Bab\u00fclmendep Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki stratejik \u00f6nemi \u00e7ok fazla olan Sokotra Adas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n i\u015fgal ederek askeri \u00fcs tesis etmi\u015ftir. Obama d\u00f6neminde ABD Suudi Arabistan\u2019a 95 milyar dolarl\u0131k silah satm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. ABD, El-Kaide ve Yemen\u2019deki ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelede Suudilere destek vermektedir. Bu ba\u011flamda Suudi Arabistan ABD i\u00e7in \u00f6nemini korumaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yar\u0131n 9. B\u00f6l\u00fcm; Suriye<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Militan R\u00caHAT-Firat AL\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fcrdistan Stratejik Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Merkezi<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

HABER MERKEZ\u0130- Kaynayan Kazan Ortado\u011fu\u2019da T\u00fcrkiye Politikalar\u0131 Ortado\u011fu b\u00f6lgesi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kurulu\u015fundan bu yana g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc, kula\u011f\u0131n\u0131 neredeyse \u00fczerinden hi\u00e7 ay\u0131rmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015flar\u0131n, s\u0131cak \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n, krizlerin, uluslararas\u0131 m\u00fcdahale ve operasyonlar\u0131n etnik, dini, mezhepsel, kimliksel sorunlar\u0131n yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 hatta bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm haline geldi\u011fi bir b\u00f6lge olarak uluslararas\u0131 sistemde ge\u00e7mi\u015ften g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze \u00f6nemini korumu\u015ftur. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Ortado\u011fu politikas\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in b\u00f6lgede 400 y\u0131l […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":138,"featured_media":12718,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","video":"","gallery":"","source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override":[{"single_blog_custom":"","sidebar":"","second_sidebar":"","share_position":"","share_float_style":"","post_date_format":"","post_date_format_custom":"","post_reading_time_wpm":"","zoom_button_out_step":"1","zoom_button_in_step":"1","number_popup_post":"1"}],"image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"","single_post_gallery_size":""}],"trending_post_position":"","trending_post_label":"","sponsored_post_label":"","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":""},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":""},"jnews_social_meta":{"fb_title":"","fb_description":"","fb_image":"","twitter_title":"","twitter_description":"","twitter_image":""},"jnews_override_counter":{"view_counter_number":"0","share_counter_number":"0","like_counter_number":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"jnews_post_split":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,5,13],"tags":[3075,3065,3074,87,2962],"class_list":["post-12717","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arastirmalar","category-haberler","category-dizi-yazi","tag-bae","tag-misir","tag-osmanli-2","tag-suudi-arabistan","tag-turk-devleti"],"acf":[],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12717","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/138"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12717"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12717\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12719,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12717\/revisions\/12719"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12718"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12717"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12717"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12717"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}