{"id":13337,"date":"2022-01-30T12:37:00","date_gmt":"2022-01-30T11:37:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/?p=13337"},"modified":"2022-01-30T12:37:04","modified_gmt":"2022-01-30T11:37:04","slug":"suriyenin-savas-agalari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/suriyenin-savas-agalari\/","title":{"rendered":"Suriye\u2019nin Sava\u015f A\u011falar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

HABER MERKEZ\u0130 – \u0130\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131n ilk evresinde uluslararas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7ler taraf\u0131ndan me\u015fru bir taraf olarak kutsanan \u00d6zg\u00fcr Suriye Ordusu(\u00d6SO)\u2019nun h\u0131zla sava\u015f a\u011falar\u0131n koalisyonuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi ard\u0131ndan koalisyon niteli\u011fini bile kaybedip erimesi asl\u0131nda Suriye i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n kaotik bir \u00e7\u0131kmaza s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmesinin temel i\u015faretiydi.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSava\u015f A\u011falar\u0131\u201d kavram\u0131 bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 d\u00f6nemde g\u00f6r\u00fclen bir olgu olsa da esas\u0131nda 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019de imparatorluk \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcp yeni milliyet\u00e7i cumhuriyet t\u00fcm \u00fclkeyi denetim alt\u0131na alamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 evrede farkl\u0131 farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde kendilerine egemenlik alanlar\u0131 kuran ki\u015fileri tan\u0131mlamas\u0131yla siyasal s\u00f6yleme d\u00e2hil oldu. Sava\u015f a\u011falar\u0131n\u0131n temel nitelikler kendilerine ba\u011fl\u0131 silahl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin olmas\u0131, s\u00fcrekli bir ideolojik ya da siyasi ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131 ve belki de en \u00f6nemlisi ne geleneksel ne de modern me\u015fruiyet kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131yd\u0131. Kabaca k\u00f6ks\u00fczd\u00fcler ve sadece zora dayan\u0131yorlard\u0131. Yerel egemenliklerini sadece ve sadece sava\u015fa ve onun yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 iktidar bo\u015flu\u011funa bor\u00e7luydular. Nitekim \u00c7in\u2019de milliyet\u00e7i cumhuriyet g\u00fc\u00e7lenince silikle\u015fen fakat Japon i\u015fgali d\u00f6neminde ve \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f d\u00f6neminde tekrardan hortlamalar\u0131 bu nitelikleriyle ilgiliydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2011\u2019de ba\u015flayan Suriye i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131 bir\u00e7ok eski ve yeni akt\u00f6r\u00fcn sahneye \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla beraber Suriye\u2019ye \u00f6zg\u00fc sava\u015f a\u011falar\u0131n\u0131n da t\u00fcremesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Sava\u015f\u0131n bilindik taraflar\u0131ndan herhangi birine dahil olabilen yine s\u0131kl\u0131kla taraf de\u011fi\u015ftiren fakat iktidar bo\u015flu\u011fu durumunda kendi b\u00f6lgesinde herhangi bir s\u0131n\u0131r tan\u0131madan toplumun ba\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6reklenen bu sava\u015f a\u011falar\u0131n\u0131 ne cihadist gruplarla ne de geleneksel a\u015firet liderleri ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmamak gerekir. Bunlar\u0131n tek dayana\u011f\u0131 sava\u015f ve silahl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7, y\u00f6netme tarz\u0131 ise halk\u0131n kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u011fmalamakt\u0131r. Sadakat gibi bir nitelikleri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in d\u00fcn sava\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n taraf\u0131na ge\u00e7ebildikleri gibi TC gibi i\u015fgalci bir g\u00fcc\u00fcn hizmetine ko\u015fmakta hi\u00e7bir sak\u0131nca g\u00f6rmezler. Sava\u015f A\u011falar\u0131 eski askeri komutan olabildikleri gibi sava\u015f i\u00e7inde etraf\u0131nda \u00e7ekirdek askeri bir birim \u00f6rg\u00fctleyebilen s\u0131radan insanlardan da olu\u015fabilir.    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131n ilk evresinde uluslararas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7ler taraf\u0131ndan me\u015fru bir taraf olarak kutsanan \u00d6zg\u00fcr Suriye Ordusu(\u00d6SO)\u2019nun h\u0131zla sava\u015f a\u011falar\u0131n koalisyonuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi ard\u0131ndan koalisyon niteli\u011fini bile kaybedip erimesi asl\u0131nda Suriye i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n kaotik bir \u00e7\u0131kmaza s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmesinin temel i\u015faretiydi. 2011 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bug\u00fcne neredeyse BAAS rejimi ve Rojava devrimcileri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda sabit bir \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme ve ya da akt\u00f6r kendini 2022 y\u0131l\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131yamad\u0131. Uzun s\u00fcren i\u00e7 sava\u015flar tarihte her zaman ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Fakat Suriye\u2019deki gibi \u00e7oklu ve s\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015fen akt\u00f6rlerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7 sava\u015flar istisnai durumlard\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte tam da bu \u00f6zg\u00fcn konum sava\u015f a\u011falar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcremesine ve bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6lgede \u00e7e\u015fitli adlar alt\u0131nda etkin olmalar\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Bu ki\u015filer sava\u015f\u0131n kaosun sadece \u00f6rg\u00fctledikleri milislerle de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda silah ve petrol ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla da \u00f6nemli bir maddi g\u00fcce kavu\u015ftular. Bug\u00fcnde hem \u00f6zellikle T\u00fcrklerin i\u015fgal etti\u011fi Efrin, Ser\u00eakaniy\u00ea gibi b\u00f6lgeler ile T\u00fcrklerin korumas\u0131 alt\u0131nda olan \u0130dlip gibi b\u00f6lgeler ve rejim ile \u00d6zerk y\u00f6netimin aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131r hatlar\u0131nda sava\u015f a\u011falar\u0131 hem Suriye halklar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na bela olmaya devam ediyor hem de Suriye\u2019de kal\u0131c\u0131 bir demokratik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcnde engel olu\u015fturuyor.    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Farkl\u0131 nitelikteki iki sava\u015f a\u011fas\u0131na yak\u0131ndan bakmak meram\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 daha iyi anlatmam\u0131za yol a\u00e7abilir. \u0130lki Med\u00fcl Eleziz ya da bilinen ad\u0131 ile Ebu Elzebah isimli ki\u015fidir. Med\u00fcl Eleziz Ebu Elzebah\u2019\u0131n ki\u015fisel ge\u00e7mi\u015fi tipik bir sava\u015f a\u011fas\u0131 oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r. Bu ki\u015fi i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda El Nusra Deyrezor b\u00f6lgesindeki \u00f6nemli komutanlar\u0131ndan biriydi. El Nusra i\u00e7inde s\u00f6z\u00fc ge\u00e7en bir komutand\u0131 ve bu \u015fekilde b\u00f6lgedeki a\u015firetlerle de ili\u015fkilerini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmi\u015fti. B\u00f6lgedeki BAAS rejimin askerlerinin idamlar\u0131n\u0131 da bu ki\u015fi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriyordu. DA\u0130\u015e b\u00f6lgeye geldi\u011fi zaman petrolden kazan\u0131lan \u00f6nemli say\u0131da paray\u0131 al\u0131p ka\u00e7t\u0131. Ard\u0131ndan Rejimle ili\u015fkiye ge\u00e7ti ve rejimle aras\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczeltti. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir r\u00fc\u015fvet kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda rejim b\u00f6lgelerine ge\u00e7ti. Ge\u00e7mi\u015finin tam aksine burada \u0130ranl\u0131 komutanlarla da ili\u015fkiye ge\u00e7ti ve \u0130ranl\u0131 milislere kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flayan ki\u015filer aras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir konuma geldi. Bu d\u00f6nemde bir spor kul\u00fcb\u00fcne ba\u015fkan dahi oldu. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n b\u00f6lgede g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesinin ard\u0131ndan Rusya\u2019ya yak\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6zerk Y\u00f6netim ile Rejim aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131r kap\u0131lar\u0131 ve ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k konusunda \u00f6zellikle F\u0131rat \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lan faaliyetler \u00fczerinde s\u00f6z sahibi oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eimdi Ebu Elzebah,  150 ki\u015filik bir grupla petrol ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir konuma gelmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6lgedeki ABD\u2019den Rusya\u2019ya t\u00fcm g\u00fc\u00e7lerle belli bir ili\u015fki kurarak kendi mali konumunu g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmektedir. R\u00fc\u015fvet ile \u00f6n\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kan her kap\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7an bu ki\u015fi \u00e7ok tipik bir sava\u015f a\u011fas\u0131d\u0131r. Sava\u015f\u0131n biti\u015fi kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 zenginli\u011fin durmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelecektir. Bu nedenle bir yandan resmi BAAS ordusu ile ili\u015fkisini geli\u015ftirirken di\u011fer yandan milis \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerini mali olarak desteklemektedir. Halklar\u0131n zenginli\u011finden gasp ettikleri ile sava\u015f ate\u015fini harlamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir de Suriye d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan gelen sava\u015f a\u011falar\u0131 var. Cinud El\u015fam \u00e7ete grubunun lideri Mislim El \u015ei\u015fani buna \u00f6rnektir.  Bu sava\u015f a\u011fas\u0131 aslen \u015ei\u015fan b\u00f6lgesindendir. 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda DA\u0130\u015e\u2019e kat\u0131lmak isteyen Kafkas k\u00f6kenli \u00e7etelerin DA\u0130\u015e b\u00f6lgelerine ge\u00e7i\u015fini \u0130dlip \u00fczerinden sa\u011flayan ki\u015filerden biriydi ve bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede geni\u015f bir etki kazand\u0131. Ayn\u0131 zamanda DA\u0130\u015e\u2019in bilinen liderlerinden Ebu \u00d6mer El \u015ei\u015fani ile ili\u015fkileri onu \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yordu. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 300 ki\u015filik \u00e7ete grubu ile y\u0131llard\u0131r \u0130dlip alan\u0131nda faaliyet y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor. B\u00f6lgedeki egemen g\u00fc\u00e7 olan Nusra Cephesi \u015fimdiki ad\u0131yla HT\u015e\u2019ye kat\u0131lmay\u0131 da ret eden bu ki\u015fi TC\u2019nin deste\u011fi ile herhangi bir ama\u00e7tan ziyade sadece sava\u015f\u0131n s\u00fcrmesi i\u00e7in u\u011fra\u015f\u0131yor. Rusya kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir koz olarak TC\u2019nin elinde bulunuyor. Her ne kadar bu ki\u015fiyi klasik sava\u015f a\u011fas\u0131ndan ay\u0131ran baz\u0131 \u00f6zellikler bulunsa da \u2013ideolojik aidiyet gibi- sonu\u00e7 olarak i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaos ortam\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir alan \u00fczerinde egemenlik kuran bir ki\u015filikten \u00f6te bir anlam ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131yor. Bu ki\u015finin kaderi TC ile Rusya aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin seyrine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r ve Suriye\u2019deki normalle\u015fme bu ki\u015finin ya Afganistan\u2019a d\u00f6nme ya da fiziki tasfiye \u015feklindeki sonunu do\u011furacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Birebir sava\u015f a\u011falar\u0131ndan \u00f6te bu tiplerin \u00f6rg\u00fctsel durumlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek gerekir. \u00d6rne\u011fin bu a\u00e7\u0131dan Suriye i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131nda yer alan ve hala varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruyan Nusra Cephesi \u015fimdiki ad\u0131yla HT\u015e \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda sava\u015f a\u011fas\u0131 niteli\u011fine sahip ki\u015filerin bu \u00f6rg\u00fctt\u00fcn \u00e7e\u015fitli noktalar\u0131nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rebiliriz. Fakat yine de HT\u015e\u2019ye rengini veren nitelik sava\u015f a\u011falar\u0131n\u0131n birli\u011fi de\u011fildir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc devlet\u00e7i \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n sapk\u0131n bir yorumunu ideolojik kimlik edinen HT\u015e belli bir hiyerar\u015fik d\u00fczeni olan ve yine siyasi bir programa sahip bir \u00e7ete \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesidir. Ayn\u0131 \u015feyi ABD\u2019nin bile ter\u00f6rist \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme listesine ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrk devletine ba\u011fl\u0131 olan Ehrar El \u015eerqiye \u00e7etesi i\u00e7in s\u00f6yleyemeyiz. Bu \u00e7ete g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli sava\u015f a\u011falar\u0131n\u0131n bir araya gelmesinden olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Bu \u00e7etenin TC\u2019nin paras\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir ideolojisi TC\u2019nin i\u015fgal h\u00fclyalar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda siyasa bir program\u0131 yoktur. DA\u0130\u015e eskisi \u00e7eteler ile serseri sava\u015f a\u011falar\u0131n\u0131n karmas\u0131ndan olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Ku\u015fkusuz bu \u00e7ete cihadist oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrmektedir. Fakat bu \u00e7etelerin art\u0131k ya\u011fma ve talan d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir hedefleri yoktur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrklerin derledi\u011fi Milli Ordu denen ve ne \u201cmilli\u201d olma ile ne de \u201cordu\u201d olmakla bir ili\u015fkisi olmayan \u00e7ete birlikleri de bu \u00e7er\u00e7eveden ele al\u0131nabilir. Bir yandan paral\u0131 asker olarak T\u00fcrk Devletinin yay\u0131lmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Libya\u2019dan Kafkasya\u2019ya bir arac\u0131 olan bu \u00e7eteler di\u011fer yandan Suriye\u2019de T\u00fcrk \u015femsiyesi alt\u0131nda sava\u015f a\u011falar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm nitelikleri ile h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrmektedirler. Bu y\u00fczden bir an bile kendi aralar\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 b\u0131rakamazken di\u011fer yandan toplumun ba\u015f\u0131na hi\u00e7bir ahlaki ve hukuki kural tan\u0131maks\u0131z\u0131n bela olmaktad\u0131rlar. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bu sava\u015f a\u011falar\u0131 ne sava\u015f\u0131n bitmesini ne de T\u00fcrk i\u015fgalinin bitmesini isterler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bir b\u00fct\u00fcnen Suriye\u2019deki sorun ele al\u0131n\u0131rken \u00f6nemli bir unsur olarak sava\u015f a\u011falar\u0131 da \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Demokratik otorite ya da devlet otoritesinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da zay\u0131flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde g\u00fcndeme gelen bu tiplerin ellerinde tuttuklar\u0131 maddi ve manevi de\u011ferlerin toplumsalla\u015fmas\u0131 elzemdir. Sorunun demokratik ve halklar lehine \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc bu sava\u015f a\u011falar\u0131n\u0131n ve zihniyetlerinin tasfiyesi ile birebir ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali FIRAT<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fcrdistan Stratejik Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Merkezi<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

HABER MERKEZ\u0130 – \u0130\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131n ilk evresinde uluslararas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7ler taraf\u0131ndan me\u015fru bir taraf olarak kutsanan \u00d6zg\u00fcr Suriye Ordusu(\u00d6SO)\u2019nun h\u0131zla sava\u015f a\u011falar\u0131n koalisyonuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi ard\u0131ndan koalisyon niteli\u011fini bile kaybedip erimesi asl\u0131nda Suriye i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n kaotik bir \u00e7\u0131kmaza s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmesinin temel i\u015faretiydi. \u201cSava\u015f A\u011falar\u0131\u201d kavram\u0131 bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 d\u00f6nemde g\u00f6r\u00fclen bir olgu olsa da esas\u0131nda 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":13338,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","video":"","gallery":"","source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override":[{"single_blog_custom":"","sidebar":"","second_sidebar":"","share_position":"","share_float_style":"","post_date_format":"","post_date_format_custom":"","post_reading_time_wpm":"","zoom_button_out_step":"1","zoom_button_in_step":"1","number_popup_post":"1"}],"image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"","single_post_gallery_size":""}],"trending_post_position":"","trending_post_label":"","sponsored_post_label":"","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":""},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":""},"jnews_social_meta":{"fb_title":"","fb_description":"","fb_image":"","twitter_title":"","twitter_description":"","twitter_image":""},"jnews_override_counter":{"view_counter_number":"0","share_counter_number":"0","like_counter_number":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"jnews_post_split":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13337","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politik-analiz"],"acf":[],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13337","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13337"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13337\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13339,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13337\/revisions\/13339"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13338"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13337"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13337"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13337"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}