{"id":13809,"date":"2022-09-06T09:33:10","date_gmt":"2022-09-06T07:33:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/?p=13809"},"modified":"2022-09-06T09:33:11","modified_gmt":"2022-09-06T07:33:11","slug":"iki-uygarlik-ve-modernite-savasi-gelecegi-belirleyen-ana-savastir-yazi-dizisi-bolum-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/iki-uygarlik-ve-modernite-savasi-gelecegi-belirleyen-ana-savastir-yazi-dizisi-bolum-1\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130ki Uygarl\u0131k Ve Modernite Sava\u015f\u0131 Gelece\u011fi Belirleyen Ana Sava\u015ft\u0131r – YAZI D\u0130Z\u0130S\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM 1"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Toplumsal geli\u015fme be\u015f bin y\u0131ld\u0131r Demokratik Uygarl\u0131k ve Devlet\u00e7i Uygarl\u0131k bi\u00e7iminde iki karakterde ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r. \u0130nsan\u0131n toplumsalla\u015fmas\u0131yla ba\u015flayan Demokratik Uygarl\u0131k y\u00fcz binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k esas ANA G\u00d6VDED\u0130R.  Devlet\u00e7i uygarl\u0131k ana g\u00f6vdeden kopan ve ayr\u0131 bir modernite yaratan tarihin ancak %2\u2019sine tekab\u00fcl eden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir koldur. Demokratik Uygarl\u0131k;<\/strong> insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilk \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi Klan-kabileyle ba\u015flay\u0131p devlet\u00e7i uygarl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan yap\u0131lar\u0131n tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131d\u0131r. G<\/strong>erek devlet\u00e7i uygarl\u0131k \u00f6ncesi ve gerekse devlet\u00e7i uygarl\u0131k sonras\u0131ndaki devlet d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan toplumsal yap\u0131lar\u0131, bu yap\u0131lar\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferleri ve m\u00fccadelelerini kavramla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. \u201cDemokratik uygarl\u0131k veya medeniyet, devletli uygarl\u0131ktan ayr\u0131 bir toplumsal kategoridir. Gerek devletle\u015fme ve uygarla\u015fmadan \u00f6nceki toplumsal formlar\u0131n gerekse sonrakilerin devlet d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015f yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kavramla\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r.\u201d <\/strong>(\u00d6nderlik)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Demokratik Uygarl\u0131k;<\/strong> \u0130deolojik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce sistemati\u011fi, toplumsal ahlaki kurallar ve politik organlar b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr. Demokratik Uygarl\u0131k;<\/strong> Demokratik Toplum bile\u015fenlerinin sosyolojik, felsefik, ideolojik, politik, \u00f6rg\u00fctsel, \u00f6z y\u00f6netim ve \u00f6z savunma b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc form\u00fcle etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DEMOKRAT\u0130K UYGARLI\u011eIN TAR\u0130HSEL TASLA\u011eI<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evrensel tarih anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla hareket eden K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Tarih Y\u00f6ntemi toplumsal olguyu daha do\u011fru anlamam\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar. K\u00fclt\u00fcrel tarih y\u00f6ntemi milyarlarca y\u0131ll\u0131k evren ve insan toplumsall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fumunu yerel-genel, tikel ve evrensel b\u00fct\u00fcnsellik i\u00e7inde sosyolojik, felsefik ve tarihsellik i\u00e7inde ele alarak a\u00e7\u0131klar. Devlet\u00e7i tarih h\u00e2kim s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n, hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n, imparatorlu\u011fu devletin ve uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tarihidir. Demokratik Uygarl\u0131k a\u015famalar\u0131 tarih y\u00f6ntemi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan esas al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken k\u00fclt\u00fcrel tarih y\u00f6ntemiyle irdelenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Demokratik Uygarl\u0131k sistemi d\u00f6rt d\u00f6neme <\/strong>oturtulabilir. KLAN <\/strong>s\u00fcreci Demokratik Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Birinci D\u00f6nemidir. <\/strong>Klan \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi insanl\u0131k tarihinin %98 k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan en uzun s\u00fcreli toplumsal formdur. Toplumsal k\u00f6k h\u00fccredir. \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilk inan\u00e7 kimli\u011fi ve zihniyeti klanla belirlenmi\u015ftir. Aile, kabile, a\u015firet, kavim ve ulus \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerinin t\u00fcm\u00fc bu k\u00f6ke dayanmaktad\u0131r. \u0130deolojik yap\u0131 anlam\u0131nda Totem ve Animizm (Canl\u0131 Evren inanc\u0131) anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na sahip olan Klan \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi yar\u0131 yerle\u015fik ve yar\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7ebe ya\u015fam tarz\u0131yla, Avc\u0131l\u0131k ve toplay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ekonomik faaliyet bi\u00e7imiyle\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>i\u015faret ve yar\u0131 simgesel dil yap\u0131s\u0131yla, s\u0131n\u0131fs\u0131z, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcz, iktidars\u0131z-devletsiz Ahlaki ve Politik \u00f6zelli\u011fiyle Demokratik Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bulgular yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7 <\/strong>y\u00fcz bin y\u0131ll\u0131k eme\u011fiyle en son insan t\u00fcr\u00fc olan Homo Sapiens\u2019lerin Verimli Hilal co\u011frafyas\u0131nda (K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da) yo\u011funla\u015farak klandan simgesel dil ve Kabile Neolitik k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc a\u015famas\u0131na ge\u00e7ti\u011fini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Simgesel dil ve Neolitik devrim insanl\u0131k tarihinin en \u00f6nemli iki devrimidir. Homo Sapiens\u2019in <\/strong>Klan formu bir\u00e7ok \u015fekilde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve zihinsel olarak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de devam ettirmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Demokratik Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ikinci d\u00f6nemi; 12 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce Verimli Hilalin Yukar\u0131 Mezopotamya b\u00f6lgesinde, K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da geli\u015fen <\/strong>Kabile ve Neolitik devrim a\u015famas\u0131na tekab\u00fcl eder. <\/strong>Neolitik devrim Kabile devrimidir. <\/strong>Kutsall\u0131klar \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 olan Neolitik d\u00f6nem;<\/strong> ekonomik, sosyal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, sanat, mitolojik, dinsel ve ahlaki k\u0131sacas\u0131 zihniyet ve kurumsal a\u00e7\u0131dan toplumu bi\u00e7imlendiren en \u00f6nemli d\u00f6nemdir. Kabile insanl\u0131k tarihinde ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f ikinci en uzun s\u00fcreli toplumsal formdur. \u2018\u2019Kabile k\u00fclt\u00fcr varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n do\u011furdu\u011fu duygu ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce d\u00fcnyas\u0131 asla k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsenemez. Halen insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayakta tutan bilin\u00e7, bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrel varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n derin izlerini ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. T\u00fcm sanat, bilgi, felsefe, din, mitolojiyle dile getirilen, duyumsanan belli ba\u015fl\u0131 bilin\u00e7 bi\u00e7imlerinin kayna\u011f\u0131nda kabile k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc vard\u0131r. Kabile k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc dile, duyguya getirmeyen hi\u00e7bir mitoloji, din, felsefe ve sanat ekol\u00fc yoktur. Mitolojik, dinsel, felsefi ve sanatsal farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 derinli\u011fine ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda her bir farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n temelinde kabilesel varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Daha sonraki kavim ve ulus bilin\u00e7leri kabile bilin\u00e7lerinin \u00e7oklu kabile birliklerine dayal\u0131 olarak geli\u015ftirilen t\u00fcrevleridir.\u2019\u2019 (\u00d6nderlik; K\u00fcrt sorunu ve Demokratik Ulus \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Klandan kabileye ge\u00e7i\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck bir geli\u015fmedir. Simgesel Dil devrimi ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f, homojen klan toplumundan heterojen Kabile toplumuna yani \u00c7oklu Toplum<\/strong> a\u015famas\u0131na ge\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir. Kabile toplumunda dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr farkl\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 geli\u015fmektedir. A\u015firet olgusu bu zeminde do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Sonraki uygarl\u0131ksal ilerlemeler bu d\u00f6nemin yarat\u0131mlar\u0131 \u00fczerinden sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130deolojik olarakilk tap\u0131nak sistemi in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Tap\u0131nak etraf\u0131nda toplu organizasyonlar, din, sanat, mimari, m\u00fczik, \u00fcretim, pazar ve y\u00f6netimin ilk hali geli\u015fmi\u015ftir.  Hayvan ve bitkiler evcille\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Yerle\u015fik k\u00f6y ya\u015fam\u0131yla Neolitik devrim, tar\u0131m, hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k ve end\u00fcstri geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. Ekonomi i\u00e7in \u00e7anak, \u00e7\u00f6mlek, teknik ara\u00e7lar\u0131 vb. \u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. Kad\u0131n odakl\u0131 kom\u00fcnal ekonomi ve aile olgusu a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.  Kom\u00fcnal ya\u015fam\u0131n merkezi olan Kad\u0131n Anaya<\/strong> kutsall\u0131k atfedilerek kutsal Tanr\u0131\u00e7a mertebesine y\u00fckseltilmi\u015ftir. <\/strong>Urfa\/Xerawre\u015fk (G\u00f6bekli Tepe), Karahan Tepe, Newala \u00c7or\u00ee tap\u0131nak ve yerle\u015fkeleri, Mardin\/Kerboran Boncuk Tepe, Diyarbak\u0131r\/\u00c7ay\u00f6n\u00fc, Batman\/\u00c7em\u00ea Xalan gibi K\u00fcrdistan\u2019daki onlarca Neolitik yerle\u015fim yerleri bu s\u00fcrecin somut kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.  <\/strong>\u00d6zel m\u00fclkiyet-\u0130ktidar-devlet ve hukuku tan\u0131mayan Kabile-Neolitik d\u00f6nem toplumu ahlaki ve politiktir ve demokratik moderniteye sahiptir. Demokratik uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n temel k\u00fclt\u00fcrel formu olan Kabileyi \u2018\u2019ilkel, ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f ve a\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u2019\u2019 saymak ancak devlet\u00e7i uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tarih tezini me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rmakt\u0131r. \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n temel k\u00fclt\u00fcrel formu olan Kabile bi\u00e7im de\u011fi\u015fse de her zaman vard\u0131r.\u2018\u2019Kabileyi \u00e7a\u011f d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve d\u00f6nemi kapanm\u0131\u015f bir toplumsal olgu saymak yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n temel formu kabiledir ve hi\u00e7bir zaman a\u015f\u0131lmaz. Bi\u00e7im ve i\u00e7erik de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir ama toplumsal olgudan tamamen d\u0131\u015ftalanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Toplumsal olgudaki klan ve ulus formlar\u0131, kabile formu kadar evrensellik ve tarihsellik ta\u015f\u0131maz.  \u015e\u00fcphesiz klan ve ulus formlar\u0131 da evrensel \u00f6zellik ta\u015f\u0131r ama kabile kadar etkili de\u011fildirler. Toplumsal in\u015fan\u0131n temel formu kabiledir. Kapitalizmde bile kabilenin a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015furada kals\u0131n, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6nde gelen kapitalist tekeller, holdingler son tahlilde birer kabile \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcd\u00fcrler. Belki de tarih olu\u015fturan tar\u0131msal toplumun, g\u00f6\u00e7ebeli\u011fin kabilesi de\u011fildir, olamazlar da. Kriz, \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f toplumunun kentli kabileleridir. Hiyerar\u015fik, devlet\u00e7i, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgen kabileler.<\/em><\/strong>\u2019\u2019 (\u00d6nderlik; K\u00fcrt Sorunu ve Demokratik Ulus \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Demokratik Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc D\u00f6nemi <\/strong>M\u00d6.3000\u2019lerde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen \u00e7atalla\u015fma-yar\u0131lmayla ba\u015flar. Demokratik Uygarl\u0131ktan sapan ayr\u0131 bir kol do\u011far. Ataerkil k\u00fclt\u00fcr kad\u0131na dayal\u0131 kom\u00fcnal toplum ahlak\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rarak ayr\u0131 bir seyir izler. Rahip-Kral-Komutan<\/strong> erki kad\u0131n\u0131n binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k yarat\u0131m\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere toplumun maddi ve manevi de\u011ferleri \u00fczerinde siyasi ve ekonomik tahakk\u00fcm kurar. Kent-s\u0131n\u0131f-devlet<\/strong> \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcs\u00fcyle do\u011fan uygarl\u0131kla toplumsal do\u011fada bir ayr\u0131\u015fma ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Toplum yap\u0131s\u0131 Merkezi Uygarl\u0131k ve Demokratik Uygarl\u0131k olarak ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr. \u0130ki ayr\u0131 paradigma ve moderniteyi ifade eden bu z\u0131t kutuplar g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar ili\u015fki ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma halinde varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Kent-s\u0131n\u0131f-devlet \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcs\u00fc<\/strong>yle kurumla\u015fan iktidarc\u0131-devlet\u00e7i uygarl\u0131k, Demokratik Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrekli bast\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, tahakk\u00fcm alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015f, de\u011ferlerini a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ama yok edememi\u015ftir, onunla beslenerek geli\u015fimini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Toplumun %90\u2019l\u0131k b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturan Demokratik Uygarl\u0131k; Ahlaki ve Politik toplum karakterini dile getirir. Devlet\u00e7i uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bast\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131, s\u00f6m\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Kad\u0131n, k\u00f6le, k\u00f6yl\u00fc, devletle\u015fmemi\u015f Klan, Kabile ve A\u015firet Konfederasyonlar\u0131, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131flar, ezilen halklar, ulus ve kavimler, k\u00fclt\u00fcrler, demokratik inan\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri, kom\u00fcnal ekonomi birlikleri, sanat ve ekolojik hareketler Demokratik Uygarl\u0131k yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 meydana getirirler. Demokratik Uygarl\u0131k g\u00fc\u00e7leri tarih boyunca kendisini Kad\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck aray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, klan-kabile-a\u015firet-kavim direni\u015finde, K\u00f6le ve k\u00f6yl\u00fc isyanlar\u0131nda, uygarl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 din ve mezheplerde, demokratik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ekollerinde, s\u0131n\u0131f sava\u015flar\u0131nda, etnisite ve ulus \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck sava\u015flar\u0131nda ya\u015fatm\u0131\u015f ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Kom\u00fcnal \u00f6zelli\u011fiyle insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilk modernitesi olan Demokratik Uygarl\u0131k ile devlet\u00e7i uygarl\u0131k aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fki ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma tarihe y\u00f6n veren esas \u00e7eli\u015fkidir. Tarihin TEMEL \u00c7EL\u0130\u015eK\u0130 ve \u00c7ATI\u015eMASI bu iki uygarl\u0131k ve iki Modernite aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f ve ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r. Esas al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken tarih; devlet\u00e7i uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n z\u0131t kutbunda ya\u015fayan Demokratik Uygarl\u0131k bile\u015fenlerinin tarihidir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Egemen s\u0131n\u0131flarca b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ilerleme say\u0131lan devlet\u00e7i uygarl\u0131k kad\u0131nlar, k\u00f6lele\u015ftirilen ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen insanl\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sapmay\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, yabanc\u0131la\u015fmay\u0131 ve ahlaki yozla\u015fmay\u0131 ifade etmektedir. Devlet\u00e7i uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n resmi tarihi yalan ve ink\u00e2r tarihidir. Uygarl\u0131k; kad\u0131n\u0131n ve hakikatin ink\u00e2r\u0131, yalan, talan, sava\u015f, soyk\u0131r\u0131m, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve k\u00f6lelik demektir. Uygarl\u0131k;<\/strong> kad\u0131n ulusuna kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen ekonomik, sosyal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve tarihsel soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n ad\u0131d\u0131r. Uygarl\u0131k \u00e7ark\u0131nda kad\u0131n \u2018\u2019\u00e7ok \u00f6zel m\u00fclk\u2019\u2019 haline getirilerek erkek i\u00e7in; istedi\u011finde sevdi\u011fi, istedi\u011finde s\u00f6vd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, istedi\u011finde d\u00f6vd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve istedi\u011finde namus ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, de\u011feri sadece erke\u011fe yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hizmetle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen sorunlu-g\u00fcnahk\u00e2r-g\u00fcvenilmez-ak\u0131ls\u0131z bir varl\u0131k olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Uygarl\u0131k insan belle\u011finde farkl\u0131 anlamsall\u0131klar yaratarak tarihin en b\u00fcy\u00fck zihin par\u00e7alanmas\u0131na ve bilin\u00e7 \u00e7arp\u0131tmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7arak toplumu ve do\u011fay\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc kayna\u011f\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Merkezi Uygarl\u0131k bir zorunluluk veya do\u011fal evrim sonucu geli\u015fmemi\u015ftir, hiyerar\u015fik s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n tercihine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak geli\u015ftirilip ANA <\/strong>nehirden sapan %10\u2019luk bir <\/strong>koldur. Belki de daha az bir k\u0131sm\u0131d\u0131r.Uygarl\u0131k toplum ve iktidar ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yla ba\u015flar. Uygarl\u0131k; iktidar\u0131n kendini tekel \u015feklinde toplum \u00fcst\u00fc kurumla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r. Rahip-Kral-Komutan \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcs\u00fc ideolojik, politik, askeri ve ekonomik tekeldir. <\/strong>E\u015fitlik\u00e7i klan ve kabile i\u00e7inde ayr\u0131\u015fan \u00fcst kesimin s\u0131n\u0131fla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong>, Tar\u0131m-k\u00f6y toplumu \u00fczerinden ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen kentle\u015fme<\/strong>olgusu ve hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n h<\/strong>iyerar\u015fisinde geli\u015fen devletle\u015fme <\/strong>birle\u015ferek sermaye ve iktidar tekeli \u015feklinde uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 karakterize eder. Kent-s\u0131n\u0131f-devlet merkezi uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 temel aya\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak s\u0131n\u0131f ve kent tek ba\u015f\u0131na uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade etmez, devletle birle\u015fti\u011finde uygarl\u0131k anlam\u0131n\u0131 kazan\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn birle\u015fmesiyle merkezi uygarl\u0131k do\u011fmu\u015ftur. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Mezopotamya\u2019da, S\u00fcmer Rahiplerinin Ziguratlarda ustal\u0131kla kurgulad\u0131klar\u0131 mitoloji ve dinsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler devlet\u00e7i uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ideolojik kimli\u011fini olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Ataerkil k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve zihniyet devlet\u00e7i uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ana kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. S\u00fcmerler\u2019 de erkek tanr\u0131 Enlik-Enki ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilen Tanr\u0131-kral, efendi, ulu imparator, padi\u015fah, sultan, a\u011fa, bey-bay, soylu gibi egemen erkek s\u0131fatlar\u0131 uygarl\u0131k kavramla\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131d\u0131r ve uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n erkek karakterini ifade etmektedir. Uygarl\u0131kta kad\u0131n erke\u011fin fahi\u015fesi, cariyesi ve zevk k\u00f6lesi haline getirilir. Ezilen emek\u00e7i alt s\u0131n\u0131flara bah\u015fedilen; itaatk\u00e2r bir kul, hizmet\u00e7i ve k\u00f6le olmakt\u0131r. Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilk yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorun kad\u0131n sorunu oldu\u011fundan kad\u0131n sorunu ilk toplumsal sorun olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Devlet\u00e7i Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n hiyerar\u015fik geli\u015fimi \u015f\u00f6yledir; <\/strong>Rahip s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 mitoloji ve din alan\u0131nda ideolojik hakimiyet sa\u011flar.\u00a0 Y\u00f6netici konumundaki \u015eef-kral s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 politik alanda tekelle\u015fir. Komutan erkindeki ki\u015filer benzer durumu askeri alanda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirirler. Bu \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ittifakla kurulan oligar\u015finin ortak amac\u0131 toplumun binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k maddi-manevi birikimini gasp etmektir. Devlet\u00e7i uygarl\u0131k ekonomik tekel \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesidir. Hegemonya, emperyal yay\u0131lma, i\u015fgal, sava\u015f ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirleyen esas \u00f6zellikleredir. Uygarl\u0131k ad\u0131yla toplumun temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 olan Beslenme\/Ekonomi, Y\u00f6netim ve Savunma ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 istismar edilerek ayr\u0131 bir \u00fcst \u2018\u2019tanr\u0131lar, tanr\u0131 el\u00e7ileri ve soylular\u2019\u2019<\/strong> s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u2018\u2019Tanr\u0131sall\u0131k ve kutsall\u0131k\u2019\u2019<\/strong> mitolojisiyle y\u00fcceltilen Zigurat bir kente d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrken, kent devlete, devlet krall\u0131\u011fa, krall\u0131k uygarl\u0131\u011fa, uygarl\u0131k imparatorlu\u011fa ve imparatorluktan bir d\u00fcnya sistemi do\u011fmu\u015ftur. S\u00fcmer rahiplerinin iktidar ve devlet y\u00f6neticilerine tanr\u0131sal kutsall\u0131k atfeden idealist felsefesi modern \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc Alman felsefecisi Hegel\u2019e kadar uzanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hegel felsefesinde devlet ve y\u00f6neticiler tanr\u0131n\u0131n yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen tezah\u00fcr\u00fc \u015feklinde kutsanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Merkezi devlet\u00e7i Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n do\u011fu\u015f be\u015fi\u011fi Ortado\u011fu\u2019dur. Uygarl\u0131ktaki merkezi hegemon iktidar 1200\u2019lere kadar Ortado\u011fu\u2019dad\u0131r. Kendini yenileyemeyen ve dogmatikle\u015fen Ortado\u011fu uygarl\u0131k hakimiyeti 1200\u2019lerden sonra Bat\u0131\u2019ya do\u011fru kaym\u0131\u015f ve 1600\u2019lerde Kapitalist modernitenin sistem haline gelmesiyle hegemon iktidar \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tamamen Bat\u0131\u2019ya ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Hegemonya devlet\u00e7i uygarl\u0131k g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin hiyerar\u015fik ili\u015fkilerini ifade eder. Hegemon iktidar tarz\u0131 devlet\u00e7i uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n temel kural\u0131d\u0131r. Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 Hegemonik iktidar tarz\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir. Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bilinen ilk hegemonu Akad Kral\u0131 Sargon\u2019dur.  Sonraki t\u00fcm hegemonyalar zincirleme halkalar halinde bu gelenek \u00fczerinden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar gelmi\u015ftir. S\u00fcmer, Akad, Babil, Asur, Hitit, Mitani, Urartu, Med, Pers, Makedonya, Roma, Sasani, Bizans, Arap-\u0130slam, T\u00fcrk-Mo\u011fol, Osmanl\u0131, Britanya ve ABD hegemonyalar\u0131 uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ana nehir ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015ftururken; M\u0131s\u0131r, Elam, Harapa-\u0130ndus, \u00c7in, Hint-Pencap, Rus, Frank, Germen imparatorluklar\u0131 da yan kollar konumunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 hegemonya \u0130ngiltere\u2019den ABD\u2019ye devredilmi\u015ftir. Hegemonyas\u0131 zay\u0131flayan \u015fimdiki Uygarl\u0131k temsilcisi ABD\u2019nin hegemonyay\u0131 ne kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fcrece\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. Hegemonyan\u0131n yeni bir g\u00fc\u00e7 ve mekanla adres de\u011fi\u015ftirece\u011finden s\u00f6z edilmektedir. Y\u00fckselen \u00c7in kapitalizmi bunun i\u00e7in aday olarak de\u011ferlendirilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Demokratik Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc D\u00f6nemi<\/strong> merkezi uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 1600\u2019lardan sonra Kapitalist evreye ge\u00e7mesi ve buna alternatif olarak Demokratik Modernite sisteminin geli\u015ftirilmesine denk gelmektedir. Kapitalist sistem merkezi uygarl\u0131ktan ayr\u0131 de\u011fil onun uzant\u0131s\u0131 ve son a\u015famas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00a0Farkl\u0131l\u0131k olsa da be\u015f bin y\u0131ll\u0131k devlet\u00e7i uygarl\u0131k sermaye ve birikim sa\u011flama \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahip olmu\u015ftur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc uygarl\u0131k; ayn\u0131 zamanda toplumsal zenginliklerin gasp\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren ekonomik tekeldir. Birikimin ve tekelle\u015fmenin ilk merkezi Zigurat ve Piramitlerdir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6yle s\u00f6ylendi\u011fi gibi kapitalizm \u2018\u2019Bat\u0131\u2019ya \u00f6zg\u00fc,<\/strong> benzersiz-biricik<\/strong> ve ilk\u2019\u2019<\/strong> de\u011fil be\u015f bin y\u0131ll\u0131k merkezi-devlet\u00e7i uygarl\u0131k sisteminin son halkas\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r. Kapitalizm; azami kar etraf\u0131nda, end\u00fcstriyalizm ve sanal toplum ile ruhsuz, duygusuz, merhametsiz robot insan yaratmada ger\u00e7ekten benzersizdir. Kapital birikim ilk \u00e7a\u011flardan beri vard\u0131r. Ama Do\u011fu kom\u00fcnal k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kendini sistem yapma olana\u011f\u0131 bulamad\u0131. 1200\u2019lerden sonra Bat\u0131\u2019da bu imk\u00e2n\u0131 yakalad\u0131 ve Hristiyanl\u0131k reformuyla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Protestanl\u0131\u011fa dayanarak 1600\u2019lerde sistem haline getirmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131. Kapitalizm hi\u00e7bir sistemin yapamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar toplumsal ahlak\u0131 y\u0131kmada ve bireyi bireycilik felsefesiyle topluma kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmada, egoist, bencil, doyumsuz, vicdans\u0131z elde ettik\u00e7e daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 isteyen canavar bireyleri yaratmada bir ilktir. Din yerine bilimcilik ge\u00e7irildi. Feodal dini dogmalar\u0131 a\u015fma ad\u0131na her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ahlaks\u0131z y\u00f6ntemlerle azami kazan\u0131c\u0131 ve iktidar olmay\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131 sayan liberalizm modern \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n ideolojisi olarak benimsendi.\u00a0 \u2018\u2019Bir\u2019\u2019 olan tanr\u0131 kapitalizmde bin\u2019lere \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Kapitalist uygarl\u0131k iktidar\u0131 toplumun k\u0131lcal damarlar\u0131na kadar yaymada ve de\u011fi\u015fim arac\u0131 olan paray\u0131 her \u015feye muktedir tanr\u0131 d\u00fczeyine getirmede biricik oldu.\u00a0 Kapitalist sistemin topluma kar\u015f\u0131t anlam\u0131ndaki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 Ahlaki ve Politik toplumun eski \u00e7a\u011flardan beri horlay\u0131p lanetledi\u011fi Karun tarz\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z zenginle\u015fmeyi ama\u00e7layan ki\u015filikleri \u00f6rnek-model olarak sunmas\u0131 ve kabul ettirmesidir. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fin diktat\u00f6r ve Karun\u2019lar\u0131 kapitalizmin \u0130dolleri haline geldi. Eski \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131n \u2018\u2019Maskeli Tanr\u0131lar ve \u00f6rt\u00fck krallar\u0131\u2019\u2019 kapitalizmde \u2018\u2019Maskesiz Tanr\u0131lar ve \u00e7\u0131plak Krallar\u2019\u2019 \u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Kapitalizmde art\u0131k \u00f6rt\u00fcnmenin, maskenin, ahlak\u0131n bir anlam\u0131 kalmad\u0131. Kapitalist burjuva ahlak\u0131 (ahlaks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131) Makyavelizm\u2019e g\u00f6re azami kazanmak, g\u00fc\u00e7 ve iktidar olmak i\u00e7in her \u015fey mubah say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dijwar SASON<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fcrdistan Stratejik Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Merkezi<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Toplumsal geli\u015fme be\u015f bin y\u0131ld\u0131r Demokratik Uygarl\u0131k ve Devlet\u00e7i Uygarl\u0131k bi\u00e7iminde iki karakterde ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r. \u0130nsan\u0131n toplumsalla\u015fmas\u0131yla ba\u015flayan Demokratik Uygarl\u0131k y\u00fcz binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k esas ANA G\u00d6VDED\u0130R.  Devlet\u00e7i uygarl\u0131k ana g\u00f6vdeden kopan ve ayr\u0131 bir modernite yaratan tarihin ancak %2\u2019sine tekab\u00fcl eden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir koldur. Demokratik Uygarl\u0131k; insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilk \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi Klan-kabileyle ba\u015flay\u0131p devlet\u00e7i uygarl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan yap\u0131lar\u0131n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13810,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","video":"","gallery":"","source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override":[{"single_blog_custom":"","sidebar":"","second_sidebar":"","share_position":"","share_float_style":"","post_date_format":"","post_date_format_custom":"","post_reading_time_wpm":"","zoom_button_out_step":"1","zoom_button_in_step":"1","number_popup_post":"1"}],"image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"","single_post_gallery_size":""}],"trending_post_position":"","trending_post_label":"","sponsored_post_label":"","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":""},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":""},"jnews_social_meta":{"fb_title":"","fb_description":"","fb_image":"","twitter_title":"","twitter_description":"","twitter_image":""},"jnews_override_counter":{"view_counter_number":"0","share_counter_number":"0","like_counter_number":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"jnews_post_split":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,6,13],"tags":[3629,3237,3626,3630,3627,3628],"class_list":["post-13809","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politik-analiz","category-arastirmalar","category-dizi-yazi","tag-animizim","tag-demokratik-modernite","tag-devletci-uygarlik","tag-gobekli-tepe","tag-klan","tag-totem"],"acf":[],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13809","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13809"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13809\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13812,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13809\/revisions\/13812"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13810"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13809"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13809"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13809"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}