TC\u2019nin kimyasal sicilinin ilk izlerini Dersim Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan zehirli gazlardan biliyoruz. Nuri Dersimi 1952 y\u0131l\u0131nda Beyrut\u2019ta \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitab\u0131nda, Dersim Katliam\u0131nda zehirli ve bo\u011fucu gazlar\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yine, \u00f6lmeden \u00f6nce \u0130hsan Sabri \u00c7a\u011flayangil\u2019in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir r\u00f6portaj\u0131n d\u00f6k\u00fcmleri ve ses kay\u0131tlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir kez daha TC\u2019nin kimyasal silah kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Dersim Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Merkezinin (DAM) 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve eski Ba\u015fbakanlardan \u0130brahim Refik Saydam\u2019a ait belgede sivillere kar\u015f\u0131 zehirli gaz kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131k hi\u00e7bir ku\u015fkuya mahal b\u0131rakmayacak \u015fekilde net olarak yaz\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Refik Saydam\u2019\u0131n, Fevzi \u00c7akmak\u2019a yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018\u2019gizli\u2019\u2019 mektupta, Dersim\u2019de sivillere kar\u015f\u0131 zehirli gazlar\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bir hekim olarak gazlar\u0131n sava\u015fta d\u00fc\u015fman askerlerine kar\u015f\u0131 bile kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu ifade ediyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00fcrk havac\u0131l\u0131k tarihinin gururu Ermeni yetim Sahiba G\u00f6k\u00e7en\u2019in, (Hatun Sebilciyan) Dersim\u2019i nas\u0131l bombalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve K\u00fcrt soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcstesna katk\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l bir gurur vesikas\u0131 olarak halen anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tekraren hat\u0131rlamak gerekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Seyid R\u0131za\u2019n\u0131n, 17 A\u011fustos 1937 tarihinde, La\u00e7inan Deresi katliam\u0131nda sa\u011f kurtulan k\u0131z\u0131 Leyla, farkl\u0131 farkl\u0131 silahlar kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hatta son bir silahtan sonra insanlar\u0131n korkun\u00e7 bir \u015fekilde katledildi\u011fini, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n masmavi oldu\u011funu anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130\u015fte o \u00e7ocuk cesetleri \u00fczerindeki mavi boyan\u0131n klor (Chloracetophenon) ve \u0130perit gibi gazlar\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan belge ve bilgilerden anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00fcrkiye, on binlerce ki\u015finin toplu katliama maruz b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 1938 Dersim Katliam\u2019\u0131nda kimyasal silah kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belgelerle bu kadar sabitken, bir\u00e7ok tan\u0131k ve belgelere ra\u011fmen Dersim’deki katliamlarda kimyasal silah kullan\u0131m\u0131na dair ne ulusal ne de uluslararas\u0131 denetleyici kurumlar nezdinde ad\u0131m at\u0131lmad\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye’ye herhangi bir yapt\u0131r\u0131m uygulanmad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n K\u00fcrtlere y\u00f6nelik cezas\u0131zl\u0131k politikas\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 bir h\u00fcviyet kazanarak bug\u00fcnk\u00fc katliamlar\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc ve onay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olacakt\u0131. Dersim Katliam\u0131 sadece ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7t\u0131. K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n yeniden s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015ftirilmesi giri\u015fimleri hep kimyasal silah kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6lgesinde devam etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n YAKIN TAR\u0130H\u0130N K\u0130MYASAL KATL\u0130AMLARI <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 17 May\u0131s 1994 g\u00fcn\u00fc, Ad\u0131yaman B\u00eazar da\u011f\u0131nda 22\u2019si dershane \u00f6\u011frencisi toplam 28 gen\u00e7 kad\u0131n ve erkek, kimyasal silahlarla katledildi. Tan\u0131k ve aile anlat\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra cenazelerin \u00fczerindeki bulgulara ra\u011fmen \u015fikayetlerden bir sonu\u00e7 al\u0131namad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015e\u0131rnak’\u0131n Bilika k\u00f6y\u00fc yak\u0131nlar\u0131n kimyasal gaz sonucu 20 PKK gerillas\u0131 hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. Almanya’da laboratuvarda yap\u0131lan incelemenin sonucunda, katliamda kullan\u0131lan gaz\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc bir kimyasal gaz oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda da Hakkari’nin \u00c7ukurca il\u00e7esinde 8 PKK gerillas\u0131 kimyasal silah kullan\u0131m\u0131 sonucu ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n 22-24 Ekim 2011 tarihleri aras\u0131nda \u00c7ukurca’n\u0131n Kazan Vadisi’nde, yap\u0131lan bombard\u0131manda kimyasal silah kullan\u0131ld\u0131. 36 HPG gerillas\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi. Olay yerine giden ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 heyetler, yanm\u0131\u015f ve parampar\u00e7a cenazelerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131. Bulgular ve tespitlerin t\u00fcm\u00fc HPG’lilerin kimyasal silah sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 sonucu katledildi\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeydi. Sonu\u00e7 yine \u201celde var s\u0131f\u0131r\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na terk edildi. \u0130ddialar ret ve inkar edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00fcrkiye ve ba\u011fl\u0131 paramiliter gruplar, Kuzey ve Do\u011fu Suriye kentlerine y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar da yasaklanm\u0131\u015f silahlar kulland\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye’nin 2018’de paramiliter gruplarla operasyon d\u00fczenledi\u011fi Efrin’de bir k\u00f6yde kimyasal silah kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve 6 ki\u015finin bu sald\u0131r\u0131 nedeniyle hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015f ve konunun \u00fcst\u00fc kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 9 Ekim 2019 tarihinde Ser\u00eakaniy\u00ea’ye y\u00f6nelik operasyonda da kimyasal silah kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u00d6zerk Y\u00f6netim taraf\u0131ndan duyurulan konu, uluslararas\u0131 kamuoyunun da g\u00fcndemine girdi. Ser\u00eakaniy\u00ea’de Mihemed Hemide isimli 13 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocu\u011fun b\u00fct\u00fcn v\u00fccudunun fosfor bombas\u0131 nedeniyle yanmas\u0131 t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya bas\u0131nda geni\u015f yer bulmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen TC, b\u0131rak\u0131n\u0131z yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131, ilgili su\u00e7la ilgili herhangi bir soru\u015fturma kapsam\u0131na girmedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n TC\u2019nin kimyasal silah kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile ilgili en son prati\u011fi, G\u00fcney K\u00fcrdistan B\u00f6lgesi’ne d\u00f6n\u00fck 2018 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fgal ve ilhak sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131yla g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015fti. Gar\u00ea’ye d\u00f6n\u00fck 10-14 \u015eubat 2021 tarihleri aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen “rehine kurtarma operasyonu”nda yasakl\u0131 silahlar kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015f ve konuya dair a\u00e7\u0131klama yapan HPG yetkilileri, inceleme i\u00e7in b\u00f6lgede ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z heyetlerin gelmesini istemi\u015fti.<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n 17 Nisan\u2019da ba\u015flat\u0131lan ve alt\u0131nc\u0131 ay\u0131n\u0131 geride b\u0131rakan Zap, Met\u00eena ve Ava\u015f\u00een b\u00f6lgelerine d\u00f6n\u00fck sald\u0131r\u0131larda ise kimyasal silah kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sistematik olarak devam etti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. HPG’nin sald\u0131r\u0131lara ili\u015fkin a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131 ayl\u0131k bilan\u00e7oda, 14 Nisan-14 Ekim tarihleri aras\u0131nda TC\u2019nin 2 bin 467 kez yasakl\u0131 bomba ve kimyasal silah kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir. Taktik n\u00fckleer, termobarik ve fosfor bombalar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirten \u00e7\u0131klamada; A\u011fustos, Eyl\u00fcl ve Ekim aylar\u0131nda kimyasal silah kullan\u0131m\u0131 sonucu Zap\u2019\u0131n \u015eikefta Bir\u00eendara alan\u0131nda dokuz, Karker alan\u0131nda be\u015f ve Ava\u015f\u00een\u2019in Werxel\u00ea alan\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 HPG gerillas\u0131n\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti bilgisi kamuoyu ile payla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. A\u00e7\u0131klamada ayr\u0131ca daha \u00f6nce de 27 HPG gerillas\u0131n\u0131n kimyasal silah sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131nda hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fi de ayr\u0131ca hat\u0131rlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130HD\u2019nin 26 A\u011fustos 2011 tarihli \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fanan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7te, kimyasal ve biyolojik silah kullan\u0131m\u0131 iddialar\u0131na dair\u201d adl\u0131 raporunda 1994- 2011 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan yo\u011fun \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma sonucu 46 kez kimyasal silah kullanmas\u0131 sonucunda 437 PKK gerillas\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi\u011fi belirtilmi\u015fti. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Dersim Katliam\u0131’nda binlerce ki\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden olan kimyasal silah ve bombalar, “insanl\u0131k su\u00e7u” olarak kabul edilmesine ra\u011fmen bug\u00fcn Zap ve Ava\u015f\u00een\u2019de kullan\u0131lmaya devam ediyor: <\/p>\n\n\n\n Ekim ay\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc haftas\u0131 bas\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen videolarda kimyasal kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 dair ciddi iddia ve bulgular s\u00f6z konusudur. Atom Sava\u015f\u0131na Kar\u015f\u0131 Uluslararas\u0131 Doktorlar Birli\u011fi\/Toplumsal Sorumluluk Ta\u015f\u0131yan Doktorlar (IPPNW) \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Federe K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da kimyasal silahlar kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespiti i\u00e7in bir heyeti 20-27 Eyl\u00fcl 2022 tarihleri aras\u0131nda Federe K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir. Heyet bu ziyaret s\u0131ras\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Kimyasal Silahlar S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin olas\u0131 ihlalleri konusunda baz\u0131 kan\u0131tlara ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurmu\u015ftur. IPPNW \u0130svi\u00e7re ad\u0131na bir rapor kaleme alan Dr. Josef Savary ve Dr Jan van Aken, raporunda TSK\u2019nin bir ma\u011fara yak\u0131n\u0131nda gaz pompalama cihaz\u0131 haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclere de yer vermi\u015ftir. Milli Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise 20 Ekim 2022 tarihinde \u2018\u2019\u00f6yle bir \u015fey yok, dezenformasyon\u201d a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Cihan BEDEW\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1. B\u00d6L\u00dcM \u0130\u00c7\u0130N TIKLAYINIZ<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n