Yek ji \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean bingeh\u00een \u00ean ku d\u00ea eksena sereke ya zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee, belk\u00ee ya her\u00ee navend\u00ee j\u00ee, diyar bike, rastiya jinan e. Dema ku mirov bingeha heb\u00fbn\u00ee ya civak\u00ea, avakirina w\u00ea \u00fb p\u00eavajoy\u00ean p\u00ea\u015fkeftina d\u00eerok\u00ee l\u00eakol\u00een dike, e\u015fkere dibe ku tu avahiyek teor\u00eek an prat\u00eek\u00ee ya ku bi d\u00fbrxistina jinan hatiye avakirin nikare rastiy\u00ea ango heq\u00eeqet\u00ea tems\u00eel bike. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, tu hewldanek ji bo avakirina zanista civak\u00ee ku rastiya jinan nexe navend\u00ea, nikare parad\u00eegmayek yekparey\u00ee ava bike.<\/p>\n
Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, civak bi xwezay\u00ee jinane ango m\u00ea ye \u00fb jiyana civak\u00ee \u015f\u00eaweyek heb\u00fbn\u00ea ye ku t\u00ea de t\u00eakiliya di navbera xwezay\u00ea \u00fb mirovahiy\u00ea de bi r\u00eaya zihniyeta jin\u00ea t\u00ea damezrandin. Erka bingeh\u00een a zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee ew e ku v\u00ea \u015f\u00eaweya heb\u00fbn\u00ea ji n\u00fb ve nas bike, p\u00eanase bike \u00fb ji n\u00fb ve ava bike.<\/p>\n
Di seranser\u00ea d\u00eerok\u00ea de, rastiya jinan ne ten\u00ea hatiye pa\u015fguh kirin, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de bi awayek\u00ee s\u00eestemat\u00eek hatiye tepeser kirin, hatiye xirab kirin \u00fb jined\u00eet\u00ee ve hatiye kirin. Avahiy\u00ean \u015faristaniy\u00ea y\u00ean ku ji h\u00eala hi\u015f\u00ea m\u00ear\u00ea serdest ve hatine \u00e7\u00eakirin, zanist li dora v\u00ea \u00eenkar\u00ea bir\u00eaxistin kirine, jinan ne ten\u00ea wek\u00ee objekt\u00eef l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de ji zanist\u00ea j\u00ee d\u00fbr xistine. Ji ber ku jiyana civak\u00ee ji h\u00eala t\u00eakiliya di navbera jin \u00fb m\u00ear de t\u00ea \u015fekildan, karakter\u00ea v\u00ea t\u00eakiliy\u00ea hem kal\u00eeteya pergal\u00ean civak\u00ee \u00fb hem j\u00ee xwezaya qad\u00ean bingeh\u00een \u00ean wek\u00ee zan\u00een, exlaq, siyaset, wate \u00fb \u00e7and ku ev s\u00eestem j\u00ea derdikevin, diyar dike.<\/p>\n
J\u00ceNEOLOJ\u00ceYA KU R\u00caBER APO P\u00ca\u015eNIYAR KIRIYE\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, rola d\u00eerok\u00ee ya jinan ne ten\u00ea meseleya zayenda biyoloj\u00eek e, l\u00ea bel\u00ea away\u00ea avakirina civak\u00ea ye. Avahiy\u00ean demokrat\u00eek-komunal \u00ean ku di serdema Neol\u00eet\u00eek\u00ea de li dora jina dayik \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbn, \u015f\u00eawey\u00ean heb\u00fbn\u00ea y\u00ean her\u00ee lihevhat\u00ee bi xwezaya gerd\u00fbn\u00ee ya mirovahiy\u00ea b\u00fbn. L\u00eabel\u00ea, m\u00earan di nav v\u00ea p\u00eakhatin\u00ea de wate bi dest xistin. L\u00eabel\u00ea, 5,000 sal\u00ean \u015faristaniya yekdestdar civak\u00ea bi m\u00earan kirin hilgir\u00ean desthilatdariy\u00ea, jinan ned\u00eetin \u00fb bingeha avahiya civak\u00ee xirab kirin. Her ku jin hatin tepeserkirin \u00fb ji dijberiy\u00ea hatin d\u00fbrxistin, civak j\u00ee hat kolekirin. Li gel jinan, hest, estet\u00eek, exlaq, xweza, ahenga civak\u00ee \u00fb yekb\u00fbna jiyan\u00ea j\u00ee hatin tepeserkirin, \u00e7ewsandin.<\/p>\n Li ser bingeha v\u00ea rastiy\u00ea, J\u00eeneolojiya ku ji h\u00eala R\u00eaber Apo ve hat\u00ee p\u00ea\u015fniyarkirin ne ten\u00ea zanistek jinan e, l\u00ea bingeha ontoloj\u00eek, epistemoloj\u00eek \u00fb metodoloj\u00eek a zanistek civak\u00ee ya n\u00fb ye. Ji ber ku J\u00eeneoloj\u00ee ne ten\u00ea jinan rave dike, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de pirs dike \u00fb armanc dike ku avahiya zan\u00een, heb\u00fbn, civak \u00fb jiyan\u00ea biguhez\u00eene. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, j\u00eeneoloj\u00ee ne \u015faxek bin\u00ee ya zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee ye, l\u00ea \u00e7avkaniya wan a sereke ye, bi rast\u00ee, parad\u00eegmaya zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee y\u00ean azad bi xwe ye.<\/p>\n Di v\u00ea nuqtey\u00ea de, div\u00ea daxuyaniy\u00ean R\u00eaber Apo y\u00ean j\u00ear\u00een wek\u00ee xalek wer\u00e7erx\u00ea-serdem\u00ee ya bingeh\u00een werin girtin:<\/p>\n “Xet\u00ean ku behsa jinan dikin di gotar\u00ean m\u00earaniy\u00ea de, ku zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee \u00fb her weha hem\u00ee zanistan n\u00ee\u015fan daye, bi n\u00eaz\u00eekatiy\u00ean propaganday\u00ee barkir\u00ee ne ku bi tevah\u00ee rastiy\u00ea pa\u015fguh dikin. Rew\u015fa rast\u00een a jinan ji h\u00eala van gotaran ve t\u00ea ve\u015fartin, dibe ku heta deh caran j\u00ee, m\u00eena ku d\u00eerok\u00ean \u015faristaniy\u00ea \u00e7\u00een, \u00eest\u00eesmar, zordar\u00ee \u00fb \u00ee\u015fkencey\u00ea vedi\u015f\u00earin. Li \u015f\u00fbna fem\u00een\u00eezm\u00ea, t\u00eageha j\u00eeneolojiy\u00ea (l\u00eakol\u00eena jinan) dibe ku \u00e7\u00eatir xizmet\u00ea ji armanc\u00ea re bike. Rastiy\u00ean ku j\u00eeneoloj\u00ee d\u00ea e\u015fkere bike, bi \u00eeht\u00eemalek mezin d\u00ea ne k\u00eamtir ji teolojiy\u00ean t\u00eakildar\u00ee teoloj\u00ee, eskatoloj\u00ee, zanista siyas\u00ee, pedagoj\u00ee \u00fb bi kurtas\u00ee, gelek \u015fax\u00ean sosyolojiy\u00ea rastiy\u00ea hilgirin…”<\/p>\n Xala her\u00ee gir\u00eeng a ku li vir were tekez kirin ev e ku j\u00eeneoloj\u00ee ne ten\u00ea avahiyek \u00eedeoloj\u00eek e ku azadiya jinan dipar\u00eaze, l\u00ea epistemolojiyek bingeh\u00een e ku \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean rastiy\u00ea y\u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ee \u00fb civak\u00ee y\u00ean tepeserkir\u00ee e\u015fkere dike. J\u00eeneoloj\u00ee ten\u00ea di asta biyoloj\u00eek an takekes\u00ee de jinan nagire dest; ew wan wek\u00ee h\u00eamana damezr\u00eener a civak\u00ea, mijara w\u00ea ya heb\u00fbn\u00ee \u00fb \u00e7avkaniya rasterast a zan\u00een\u00ea nas dike. Ji h\u00eala epistemoloj\u00eek ve, ev ne ten\u00ea l\u00eakol\u00eenek li ser jinan e, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de bingeha hem\u00ee hewildan\u00ean zanist\u00ee \u00fb prens\u00eeba damezr\u00eener a zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee ye.<\/p>\n L\u00eabel\u00ea, ji n\u00fb ve vej\u00eena van nakokiyan ten\u00ea bi r\u00eaya derketina r\u00eaxistinkir\u00ee ya jinan wek\u00ee heb\u00fbn\u00ean ontoloj\u00eek \u00fb hi\u015fmendiya d\u00eerok\u00ee mimkun e. Nakok\u00ee ne ten\u00ea bi r\u00eaya dijberiy\u00ea, l\u00ea bi h\u00eaza mijara azad nirx\u00ea bi dest dixe. Bi ji n\u00fb ve kif\u015fkirina d\u00eerok, zan\u00een \u00fb intu\u00eesyona tepeserkir\u00ee ya jinan, J\u00eeneoloj\u00ee v\u00ea nakokiy\u00ea – ku ne ten\u00ea li ber xwe dide l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de nakok\u00ee \u00fb veguher\u00een\u00ea j\u00ee saz dike – di berjewendiya azadiya civak\u00ee de vediguher\u00eene.<\/p>\n J\u00eeneoloj\u00ee ne d\u00ees\u00eepl\u00eenek e ku ten\u00ea li ser jinan disekine; ew qutb\u00fbnek ji p\u00eakateya zan\u00een\u00ea ya zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee ya ku ji h\u00eala m\u00earan ve serdest e tems\u00eel dike. Ew ezm\u00fbna d\u00eerok\u00ee ya jinan, zan\u00eena p\u00ea\u015fd\u00eetin \u00fb h\u00eaza avakirina t\u00eakiliy\u00ean civak\u00ee wek\u00ee bingehek epistemoloj\u00eek dihew\u00eene. Di v\u00ee war\u00ee de, j\u00eeneoloj\u00ee hem poz\u00eet\u00eev\u00eezma xwezay\u00ee \u00fb hem j\u00ee razbertiya \u00eedeal\u00eest di hilber\u00eena zan\u00een\u00ea de derbas dike. Di \u015f\u00fbna w\u00ea de, ew rej\u00eemek zan\u00een\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fniyar dike ku li ser et\u00eek, t\u00eakil\u00eepar\u00eaz\u00ee \u00fb jiyana civak\u00ee hatiye damezrandin. Di v\u00ea n\u00eaz\u00eekatiy\u00ea de, rastiya zanist\u00ee ne ten\u00ea t\u00ea ceribandin, l\u00ea t\u00ea ezm\u00fbnkirin \u00fb h\u00eeskirin, wateyek bi hev re t\u00ea \u00e7\u00eakirin.<\/p>\n Wek\u00ee din, teza bingeh\u00een a v\u00ea be\u015f\u00ea, “li cih\u00ea ku jin t\u00eane derxistin \u00fb nakok\u00ee cemidandin, zanista civak\u00ee nikare hebe,” ne ten\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fniyarek teor\u00eek e, l\u00ea e\u015fkerekirina ezm\u00fbna d\u00eerok\u00ee \u00fb prat\u00eeka zanist\u00ee ya hey\u00ee ye. Modern\u00eeteya kap\u00eetal\u00eest bi awayek\u00ee s\u00eestemat\u00eek c\u00eeh \u00fb zan\u00eena jinan di b\u00eera civak\u00ee de tepeser kiriye. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, ne ten\u00ea berhevkirina daneyan an hilberandina stat\u00eest\u00eekan li ser jinan, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de ji n\u00fb ve avakirina heb\u00fbna jinan di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveyek d\u00eerok\u00ee, civak\u00ee \u00fb ontoloj\u00eek de p\u00eaw\u00eest e. J\u00eeneoloj\u00ee v\u00ea ji n\u00fb ve avakirin\u00ea hem wek\u00ee mijarek heb\u00fbn\u00ea \u00fb hem j\u00ee wek\u00ee celebek zan\u00een\u00ea digire dest.<\/p>\n “HETA KU XWEZAYA JINAN DI TAR\u00ceY\u00ca DE BIM\u00ceNE, TEVAYA XWEZAYA CIVAK\u00ce NAY\u00ca RONAH\u00ceKIRIN”<\/strong><\/p>\n J\u00eeneoloj\u00ee ne ten\u00ea heb\u00fbna jinan \u00e7areser dike, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de e\u015fkere dike ka heb\u00fbn bi xwe \u00e7awa bi jinan re t\u00ea xirabkirin \u00fb \u00e7awa bi away\u00ean zan\u00een\u00ea y\u00ean ku bikar t\u00eene t\u00ea tepeserkirin. Ve\u015fartina rastiya jinan ne ten\u00ea tepeserkirina yek zayend\u00ea ye, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de tar\u00eekirina hem\u00ee aliy\u00ean jiyan, civak \u00fb xwezay\u00ea ye ku bi rastiy\u00ea ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ne.<\/p>\n Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, daxuyaniya j\u00ear\u00een a R\u00eaber Apo bi zelal\u00ee n\u00ee\u015fan dide ka \u00e7ima j\u00eeneoloj\u00ee div\u00ea bingeha zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee be:<\/p>\n “Heta ku xwezaya jinan di tariy\u00ea de bim\u00eene, tevahiya xwezaya civak\u00ea d\u00ea b\u00ea ron\u00ee bim\u00eene. Ronah\u00eekirinek rast\u00een \u00fb berfireh a xwezaya civak\u00ee ten\u00ea bi ronahiyek berfireh \u00fb rast\u00een a xwezaya jinan mimkun e. Zelalkirina rew\u015fa jinan, ji d\u00eeroka kolonyal\u00eezm\u00ea bigire heya kolonyal\u00eezma abor\u00ee, civak\u00ee, siyas\u00ee \u00fb der\u00fbn\u00ee, d\u00ea pir be\u015fdar\u00ee zelalkirina hem\u00ee pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean din \u00ean di d\u00eerok\u00ea de \u00fb hem\u00ee aliy\u00ean civaka hemdem bibe.” Ji v\u00ea perspekt\u00eef\u00ea ve, zan\u00eena jinan ne ten\u00ea meseleya “mafan” e, l\u00ea bel\u00ea eksena damezrandina ontoloj\u00eek \u00fb epistemoloj\u00eek e. Jin gerd\u00fbn bi xwe ne; bi berhemdariya xwe, avahiya xwe ya jiyan-hilgir \u00fb t\u00eakiliya xwe ya s\u00eembiyot\u00eek bi xwezay\u00ea re, ew ne ten\u00ea mijarek e l\u00ea navenda heb\u00fbn\u00ea ye. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, jin nikarin ji h\u00eala hi\u015f\u00ea m\u00ear ve werin p\u00eanasekirin, ji ber ku hi\u015f\u00ea m\u00ear jixwe celebek hi\u015f\u00ea ye ku ji v\u00ea yekpareb\u00fbn\u00ea d\u00fbr ketiye. Ti\u015ft\u00ea ku jinan ji h\u00eala ontoloj\u00eek \u00fb epistemoloj\u00eek ve bindest dike ne ten\u00ea desthilatdar\u00ee ye, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de pergal\u00ean zan\u00een\u00ea j\u00ee bi xwe ne.<\/p>\n R\u00eaber Apo dib\u00eaje, “P\u00eerozb\u00fbn a jinan e; jin gerd\u00fbn bi xwe ne; m\u00ear ji w\u00ea d\u00fbrketinek in, gerst\u00earkek d\u00fbrketin\u00ee ne.”<\/p>\n Ji h\u00eala ontoloj\u00eek ve, jin gerd\u00fbn bi xwe ne, li vir wek\u00ee heb\u00fbnek bi xwezay\u00ee hilber\u00eener, afir\u00eener, avaker \u00fb bi xwezay\u00ea re yekb\u00fby\u00ee t\u00ea p\u00eanasekirin. Ji h\u00eala din ve, m\u00ear elementek e ku bi awayek\u00ee heb\u00fbn\u00ee veqetand\u00ee, qutkir\u00ee \u00fb ji v\u00ea tevah\u00eeb\u00fbn \u00fb aheng\u00ea d\u00fbr ketiye.<\/p>\n J\u00eeneoloj\u00ee jinan li navendek gerd\u00fbn\u00ee nagire \u00fb wan bi p\u00eeroziyek razber metafiz\u00eek nake. Li vir tekez li ser hilber\u00een, ramana t\u00eakil\u00ee, intu\u00eesyona civak\u00ee \u00fb gir\u00eadana s\u00eembiyot\u00eek a ku jin bi jiyan\u00ea re ava dikin e. Jin li vir ne wek\u00ee “cewher an kirde” an j\u00ee “cewhert\u00ee” t\u00eane hesibandin, l\u00ea wek\u00ee eksena diyalekt\u00eek ku rastiya civak\u00ee dikare li ser w\u00ea ji n\u00fb ve were saz kirin. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, j\u00eeneoloj\u00ee metafiz\u00eek\u00ea ne li ser astek naverast\u00ea, l\u00ea di nav avahiya navxwey\u00ee civak\u00ea de ji n\u00fb ve p\u00eanase dike. Jin \u00eeradeya ji n\u00fb ve avakirina v\u00ea metafiz\u00eeka imanent in: ahenga civak, xweza \u00fb mirovahiy\u00ea. Bi v\u00ee reng\u00ee, ew ne t\u00eane xwedakirin \u00fb ne j\u00ee t\u00eane objekt\u00eefkirin; berevaj\u00ee v\u00ea, ew dibin mijara damezr\u00eener a diyalekt\u00eeka azadiy\u00ea.<\/p>\n Ji h\u00eala epistemoloj\u00eek ve, div\u00ea zan\u00eena jinan wek\u00ee qadeke tepeserkir\u00ee \u00fb xirabkir\u00ee were hesibandin. Di encam\u00ea de, jin ne ten\u00ea bi awayek\u00ee ontoloj\u00eek l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de di p\u00eavajoy\u00ean hilber\u00eena zan\u00een\u00ea de j\u00ee bi awayek\u00ee s\u00eestemat\u00eek hatine d\u00fbrxistin. Di v\u00ee war\u00ee de, z\u00eehniyeta serdest a m\u00earan ne ten\u00ea azadiya jinan, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de zan\u00eena jinan, d\u00eeroka jinan \u00fb qada jinan j\u00ee w\u00earan kiriye. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, azadiya jinan ne ten\u00ea meseleyek wekheviya civak\u00ee, be\u015fdarb\u00fbn \u00fb maf\u00ean siyas\u00ee ye; ya gir\u00eengtir, ew meseleyek heb\u00fbn \u00fb zan\u00een\u00ea ye. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, div\u00ea jin ne ten\u00ea di war\u00ea azadiya siyas\u00ee \u00fb civak\u00ee de, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de bi awayek\u00ee ontoloj\u00eek, epistemoloj\u00eek \u00fb metodoloj\u00eek j\u00ee xwe ji n\u00fb ve bib\u00eenin \u00fb nas bikin.<\/p>\n Rola jinan di civak\u00ea de, ku bi d\u00eetin\u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ee \u00fb zanist\u00ee ve hatiye \u00eespatkirin, derbasdariya teza ku em hewl didin veb\u00eajin pi\u015ftrast dike. Dema ku em li d\u00eetin\u00ean di p\u00ea\u015fve\u00e7\u00fbn, arkeoloj\u00ee, et\u00eemoloj\u00ee \u00fb jeolojiy\u00ea de din\u00earin, em dib\u00eenin ku xwezaya civak\u00ea, ku ji h\u00eala xwezaya yekem ve hat\u00ee veguheztin, li ser bingeha zan\u00een \u00fb rola damezr\u00eener a jinan e ku v\u00ea rastiy\u00ea diyar dike. Zan\u00eeneke yekparey\u00ee ya li ser bingeha rasterast, ceribandin \u00fb \u00eesbatkirin\u00ea di wateya xwer\u00fb, rew\u015fenb\u00eer\u00ee \u00fb hest\u00ee de, jin-navend\u00ee b\u00fb.<\/p>\n Civak, xwezaya duyem\u00een, qonaxa saz\u00fbman\u00ee ya v\u00ea zan\u00een\u00ea ye. Ahenga di navbera xweza, civak \u00fb mirovahiy\u00ea de di asta damezrandin\u00ea de ji h\u00eala zihniyet, zan\u00een \u00fb keda jinan ve hatiye avakirin.<\/p>\n Qonaxa s\u00eayem\u00een, p\u00eavajoya desthilatdar\u00ee, sermaye \u00fb \u015faristaniy\u00ea, p\u00eavajoyek e ku zan\u00een, aqil \u00fb avakeriya jinan ji hol\u00ea radike, tune dike \u00fb tepeser dike. Z\u00eehniyeta serdest a m\u00earan, ji v\u00ea aheng \u00fb hol\u00eezm\u00ea vediqete, rej\u00eema xwe ya zan\u00een, h\u00eaz \u00fb desthilatdariy\u00ea ava kiriye, ji xweza \u00fb civak\u00ea d\u00fbr ketiye.<\/p>\n Ji v\u00ea perspekt\u00eef\u00ea, hevoka “jin gerd\u00fbn e, m\u00ear li vir ji r\u00ea derketiye” ne ten\u00ea rexneyek civak\u00ee l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de ji n\u00fb ve avakirina zan\u00een \u00fb heb\u00fbn\u00ea j\u00ee n\u00ee\u015fan dide.<\/p>\n Gotina “m\u00ear gerst\u00earkek ji r\u00ea derketiye” – d\u00fbrketina w\u00ea ya ontoloj\u00eek \u00fb sosyoloj\u00eek ji p\u00eavajoya zan\u00een-civak\u00ea – sedema bingeh\u00een a hem\u00ee kr\u00eez\u00ean \u00eeroy\u00een e. Ew jin e ku ahenga di navbera xweza, civak \u00fb mirovahiy\u00ea de misoger dike \u00fb tems\u00eel dike. Div\u00ea hi\u015f \u00fb avahiya m\u00ear wek\u00ee gerst\u00earkek ji tevahiya xweza, civak \u00fb mirovahiy\u00ea ya damezrand\u00ee d\u00fbrket\u00ee were binavkirin, c\u00eehanek ku c\u00eehana desthilatdar\u00ee, dewlet \u00fb sermayey\u00ea ava kiriye. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, m\u00ear\u00ea serdest xwe wek\u00ee heb\u00fbnek cuda p\u00eanase kiriye, ji tevahiya xweza, civak \u00fb mirovahiy\u00ea veqetiyaye.<\/p>\n Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, d\u00eetina desthilatdar\u00ee, dewlet, sermaye \u00fb rej\u00eema zan\u00een\u00ea ya serdestiya m\u00earan ne ten\u00ea wek\u00ee pirsgir\u00eakek d\u00eerok\u00ee, civak\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de wek\u00ee d\u00fbrketinek epistemoloj\u00eek \u00fb heb\u00fbn\u00ee ji bo girtina koka pirsgir\u00eak\u00ea stratej\u00eek e.<\/p>\n Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, m\u00ear nikarin ten\u00ea wek\u00ee zayendek biyoloj\u00eek werin hesibandin; div\u00ea ew wek\u00ee z\u00eehniyetek serdest, rej\u00eemek zan\u00een\u00ea ya xeyal\u00ee \u00fb pergalek avah\u00eesaziy\u00ea werin p\u00eanasekirin. Heta ku z\u00eehniyeta serdestiya m\u00earan xwe bi awayek\u00ee heb\u00fbn\u00ee ji n\u00fb ve ava neke, ev rew\u015fa d\u00fbrketin\u00ea (sapma) d\u00ea berdewam bike.<\/p>\n Ev \u00e7avd\u00ear\u00ee ne ten\u00ea metafor in, l\u00ea rastiyek ontoloj\u00eek in. Ji ber ku diyalekt\u00eeka jiyana civak\u00ee, \u00e7and\u00ee \u00fb xwezay\u00ee bi r\u00eaya jinan hatiye damezrandin, m\u00ear ji v\u00ea diyalekt\u00eek\u00ea derketine \u00fb b\u00fbne h\u00eamanek ku xwezay\u00eeb\u00fbna jiyan\u00ea bi r\u00eaya desthilatdar\u00ee \u00fb am\u00fbrkirin\u00ea t\u00eak dide.<\/p>\n Li cih\u00ea ku jin t\u00ean d\u00fbrxistin, zan\u00een j\u00ee t\u00eak di\u00e7e. Her qadeke zanist\u00ea ku jin t\u00ea de t\u00ean tepeserkirin, bi r\u00eaya \u00e7ewsandina rastiy\u00ea hatiye avakirin. Di v\u00ea watey\u00ea de, \u00e7avd\u00eariya R\u00eaber Apo ya j\u00ear\u00een ji bo zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee xaleke wer\u00e7erx\u00ea (\u015fikestina serdem\u00ee) tems\u00eel dike.<\/p>\n \u201cZelalkirina rew\u015fa jinan aliyek\u00ee v\u00ea pirsgir\u00eak\u00ea ye. Aliy\u00ea gir\u00eengtir bi pirsa rizgariy\u00ea ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye. Bi gotineke din, \u00e7areseriya v\u00ea pirsgir\u00eak\u00ea pir gir\u00eeng e.<\/p>\n P\u00eadiv\u00ee ye ku jin ji rew\u015fa wan a wek\u00ee ‘dayik\u00ean p\u00eeroz, r\u00fbmeta bingeh\u00een, hevj\u00een\u00ean j\u00eaneveger’ werin derxistin \u00fb rastiya jinan wek\u00ee tevahiya kirde-objey\u00ea were l\u00eakol\u00eenkirin.<\/p>\n Ev n\u00eaz\u00eekat\u00ee j\u00eeneolojiy\u00ea ne ten\u00ea vediguher\u00eene l\u00eakol\u00eenek nasnamey\u00ea an qadeke \u00eedeoloj\u00eek, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de vediguher\u00eene \u015fore\u015fek rasterast di zan\u00een\u00ea de. Di v\u00ea watey\u00ea de, j\u00eeneoloj\u00ee bi awayek\u00ee ontoloj\u00eek parad\u00eegmaya zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee bi jinan re ji n\u00fb ve ava dike \u00fb pergala zan\u00een\u00ea bi awayek\u00ee rad\u00eekal epistemoloj\u00eek dipirse.<\/p>\n J\u00eeneoloj\u00ee ne ten\u00ea \u00eedeolojiyek teng, t\u00eako\u015f\u00eenek fem\u00een\u00eest ji bo mafan, an j\u00ee rizgariy\u00ea ye; ew qadeke zanist\u00ea ye ku heb\u00fbna jinan \u00fb \u00e7avkaniya zan\u00een\u00ea hem di war\u00ea heb\u00fbn\u00ee \u00fb hem j\u00ee epistemoloj\u00eek de e\u015fkere dike. Ev perspekt\u00eef bi h\u00eaz avakirina epistemoloj\u00eek a j\u00eeneolojiy\u00ea diyar dike. Di v\u00ea n\u00eaz\u00eekatiy\u00ea de, heb\u00fbna jinan ne daxwazek ji bo wekheviy\u00ea bi m\u00earan re ye, l\u00ea bel\u00ea wek\u00ee \u00e7avkaniya rastiy\u00ea \u00fb bingeha damezr\u00eener a pergal\u00ean zanist\u00ee t\u00ea hesibandin.<\/p>\n Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, heta daxwaz\u00ean fem\u00een\u00eest \u00ean wek\u00ee “n\u00fbnertiya ji sed\u00ee p\u00eanc\u00ee”, be\u015fdariya abor\u00ee \u00fb “maf” j\u00ee xeyalek wekheviy\u00ea ne ku li gor\u00ee p\u00eevan\u00ean aqil\u00ea m\u00ear hatine avakirin. Berevaj\u00ee v\u00ea, div\u00ea jin ontoloj\u00ee \u00fb epistemolojiya xwe li ser bingeha hi\u015f\u00ea hestyar\u00ee y\u00ea destp\u00eak\u00ea y\u00ea civak\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea, p\u00eavajoya hilber\u00eener, afir\u00eener \u00fb p\u00ea\u015fkeftin\u00ea ya destp\u00eak\u00ea ya gerd\u00fbn\u00ea ava bikin. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, j\u00eeneoloj\u00ee div\u00ea ne ten\u00ea tevgerek din a civak\u00ee be, l\u00ea bel\u00ea zan\u00eena rastiya xwe be.<\/p>\n Gava ku j\u00eeneoloj\u00ee \u00e7avkaniya xweved\u00eetin \u00fb xwerastkirin\u00ea e\u015fkere bike, w\u00ea hing\u00ea hem\u00ee rew\u015f\u00ean dervey\u00ee y\u00ean jiyana civak\u00ee d\u00ea werin nas kirin. Ev hi\u015fmend\u00ee ne ten\u00ea teor\u00eek e, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de avahiyek demokrat\u00eek, siyas\u00ee, exlaq\u00ee, estet\u00eek\u00ee, epistemoloj\u00eek \u00fb ontoloj\u00eek e. Rizgariya jinan ne ten\u00ea p\u00eavajoyek rizgariy\u00ea ye; ew ji n\u00fb ve avakirina rastiy\u00ea ye.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n J\u00eeneoloj\u00ee ne \u00eedeolojiya jinan e bi wateya klas\u00eek, ne j\u00ee derav\u00ea ramana fem\u00een\u00eest e. Ew qadek zanist\u00ea ye ku ji heb\u00fbna jinan t\u00ea wergirtin. Jin, hilgir\u00ean taybetmendiy\u00ean heb\u00fbn\u00ee y\u00ean wek\u00ee berhemdar\u00ee, afir\u00eener\u00ee \u00fb berdewamiya jiyan\u00ea, ne ten\u00ea mijar in, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de gerd\u00fbn bi xwe ne. Ev poz\u00eesyona b\u00eahempa ya jinan, ku bi xwezay\u00ee bi xwezay\u00ea, civak\u00ea \u00fb gerd\u00fbn\u00ea ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye, hem navend\u00eeb\u00fbnek ontoloj\u00eek \u00fb hem j\u00ee epistemoloj\u00eek hildigire.<\/p>\n J\u00eeneoloj\u00ee e\u015fkerekirina v\u00ea navend\u00ea \u00fb ji n\u00fb ve avakirina naveroka zan\u00eena jinan e, ku di seranser\u00ea d\u00eerok\u00ea de hatiye tepeserkirin \u00fb pa\u015fguhkirin. Aqil\u00ea m\u00ear ne ten\u00ea heb\u00fbna jinan tepeser kiriye, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de \u00e7avkaniya rast\u00ee, zan\u00een \u00fb metodolojiy\u00ea j\u00ee bi r\u00eaya serdestiya navend\u00ee ya m\u00ear ava kiriye. J\u00eeneoloj\u00ee v\u00ea epistemolojiya \u00e7ewt red dike. Di \u015f\u00fbna w\u00ea de, ew celebek zan\u00een\u00ea ya ku rasterast ji heb\u00fbna jinan \u00e7\u00eadibe dipar\u00eaze. Ev zan\u00een ne ten\u00ea rasyonel e, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de bi jiyanek bi yekpareb\u00fbna wateday\u00een\u00ea, hestyar\u00ee \u00fb semant\u00eek ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye. Ji bo zan\u00eena jinan jiyan bi xwe ye.<\/p>\n Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, pergala zan\u00een\u00ea ya ku ji h\u00eala m\u00earan ve t\u00ea serdest kirin ne ten\u00ea jin, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de kapas\u00eeteya civak\u00ea ya \u00e7\u00eakirina nakokiyan j\u00ee tepeser kiriye. Tevgera diyalekt\u00eek, ne wek\u00ee herik\u00eenek d\u00eerok\u00ee-civak\u00ee, ji h\u00eala mutleqey\u00ean teoloj\u00eek \u00fb zanist\u00ee ve hatiye cemidandin \u00fb b\u00eafonksiyon kiriye. Ev rew\u015fa cemidandin\u00ea civak ji organ\u00eezmayek zind\u00ee ya ku bi r\u00eaya nakokiyan p\u00ea\u015fketiye, veguherandiye girseyek yek-al\u00ee, guhdar, norm \u00fb b\u00ea nakok\u00ee. \u00cero, saziy\u00ean m\u00eena avahiya malbat\u00ea xal\u00ean agir \u00ean v\u00ea l\u00eega b\u00ea nakok\u00ee ne. Dema ku kontrola yekane, li \u015f\u00fbna zind\u00eetiya t\u00eakiliyan, t\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fan\u00ee kirin, tengezariy\u00ean tepeserkir\u00ee wek\u00ee tund\u00fbt\u00fbj\u00ee, xweku\u015ftin, ku\u015ftina jinan \u00fb hilwe\u015f\u00eena civak\u00ee xuya dibin. J\u00eeneoloj\u00ee div\u00ea armanc bike ku v\u00ea axa cemid\u00ee bi\u015fk\u00eene \u00fb nakokiy\u00ean tepeserkir\u00ee bibe qad\u00ean t\u00eako\u015f\u00een\u00ea ku dikarin wan veguher\u00eenin ber bi azadiy\u00ea ve. Rastiya civak\u00ee ten\u00ea bi nakok\u00eeb\u00fbnek ji n\u00fb ve, bi pev\u00e7\u00fbn \u00fb herik\u00een\u00ea dikare were e\u015fkere kirin.<\/p>\n Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, J\u00eeneoloj\u00ee ten\u00ea dikare bi r\u00eaya ontoloj\u00ee, epistemoloj\u00ee \u00fb r\u00eabaza xwe bibe heb\u00fbna xwe. Ew nikare bi t\u00eakiliya bi d\u00ees\u00eepl\u00een\u00ean din re, bibe yek\u00eeneyek pergal\u00ean \u00eedeoloj\u00eek \u00ean hey\u00ee, an j\u00ee wek\u00ee tevgerek civak\u00ee hebe. Xwe ten\u00ea bi \u00eedeolojiy\u00ea ve nas\u00een xwezaya w\u00ea ya bingeh\u00een a damezr\u00eener vedi\u015f\u00eare. J\u00eeneoloj\u00ee prens\u00eeba yekem a zan\u00een\u00ea, prens\u00eeba yekem a heb\u00fbn\u00ea, \u00fb prens\u00eeba yekem a jiyan\u00ea ye ku zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee d\u00ea li ser wan werin damezrandin.<\/p>\n B\u00eay\u00ee ku di \u015fexs\u00ea jinan de lihevhatina di navbera xweza, civak \u00fb mirovahiy\u00ea de p\u00eak were, ne mimk\u00fbn e ku meriv ten\u00ea di nav avahiy\u00ean civak\u00ee de poz\u00eesyon\u00ean wekhev bi dest bixe an j\u00ee di nav pergal\u00ean hey\u00ee de c\u00eehek ava bike, l\u00ea bel\u00ea ew dikare moda xwe ya heb\u00fbn \u00fb hilber\u00eena zan\u00een\u00ea li dervey\u00ee hi\u015f\u00ea ku ji h\u00eala m\u00earan ve serdest e ava bike. Ev ne ten\u00ea bi r\u00eaya ji n\u00fb ve avakirina ontoloj\u00eek, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de bi r\u00eaya \u015fore\u015fek epistemoloj\u00eek \u00fb hi\u015fmendiya xwe j\u00ee mimkun e. Metodolojiya jinan nav\u00ea metodoloj\u00eek \u00ea v\u00ea \u015fikestina rad\u00eekal e.<\/p>\n Metodolojiya jinan hilber\u00eena zan\u00een\u00ea ji n\u00fb ve p\u00eanase dike. Li \u015f\u00fbna n\u00eaz\u00eekatiyek objekt\u00eef, d\u00fbr \u00fb h\u00eaz-\u00e7\u00eaker, ew p\u00eavajoyek zan\u00een\u00ea ya t\u00eakil\u00ee, wate-\u00e7\u00eaker (b\u00fbn, gir\u00eadana bi hev ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee \u00fb t\u00eakil\u00ee) ava dike ku berpirsiyariya exlaq\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee hildigire \u00fb jiyan\u00ea azad dike. Jin ne ti\u015ft\u00ean zan\u00een\u00ea ne, l\u00ea p\u00eakhatey\u00ean \u00e7alak \u00ean rastiy\u00ea ne. Ev metodoloj\u00ee xweza, civak \u00fb d\u00eerok\u00ea ne wek\u00ee ti\u015ftan, l\u00ea wek\u00ee tevah\u00eey\u00ean zind\u00ee, t\u00eakil\u00ee \u00fb wate-\u00e7\u00eaker digire. Bi v\u00ee reng\u00ee, zan\u00een dibe \u00e7alakiyek veguher\u00eener, ne ten\u00ea \u00e7alakiyek berhevkir\u00ee.<\/p>\n Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, r\u00eabaza jinan ne ten\u00ea r\u00eabazek l\u00eakol\u00een\u00ea ya alternat\u00eef e, l\u00ea r\u00eayek ontoloj\u00eek e ku yek\u00eetiya gerd\u00fbn\u00ee ya jiyan\u00ea ji n\u00fb ve ava bike ku hi\u015f\u00ea serdest dixwaze hilwe\u015f\u00eene. Ev r\u00eabaz ne ten\u00ea hilber\u00eena tepeserkir\u00ee ya jinan, afir\u00eeneriya cemid\u00ee, aqil\u00ea diz\u00ee \u00fb zan\u00een \u00fb heb\u00fbna tepeserkir\u00ee vediger\u00eene, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de \u00eeradeya ji n\u00fb ve avakirina jiyan\u00ea bi xwe, herik\u00eena azadiy\u00ea, di ahengek bi xwezay\u00ea, civak\u00ea \u00fb mirovahiy\u00ea re tems\u00eel dike.<\/p>\n Cih\u00ea jinan di gerd\u00fbn\u00ea de ne ten\u00ea biyoloj\u00eek an civak\u00ee ye; ew navendeke kozmoloj\u00eek e. D\u00fbrketina m\u00earan ji v\u00ea navend\u00ea \u00fb avakirina s\u00eestema xwe ya serdestiy\u00ea ne ten\u00ea jinan, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de hem\u00fb civak \u00fb xwezay\u00ea j\u00ee ki\u015fandiye nav avahiyeke xirab. \u015eer, s\u00eestem\u00ean desthilatdariy\u00ea, hiyerar\u015fiy\u00ean y\u00ean ku t\u00eane r\u00eavebirin, y\u00ean ku t\u00eane me\u015fandin, y\u00ean dewlemend \u00fb y\u00ean xizan, hem\u00fb \u015f\u00eawey\u00ean \u00eest\u00eesmar\u00ea, w\u00earankirina xwezay\u00ea \u00fb xirabkirina rastiy\u00ea encam\u00ean v\u00ea d\u00fbrketina-sapma ji ahenga di navbera xweza \u00fb civak\u00ea de ne. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, vegerandina mutleq a ahenga di navbera xweza, civak \u00fb mirovahiy\u00ea de div\u00ea rojeva sereke ya j\u00eeneolojiy\u00ea be. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, jin rastiyek e ku diyalekt\u00eeka madey\u00ea dihew\u00eene. Ew hem hilgir\u00ean madd\u00ee \u00fb hem j\u00ee civak\u00ee y\u00ean tevgera gerd\u00fbn\u00ee, veguher\u00een, hilber\u00een \u00fb yekpareb\u00fbna t\u00eakiliy\u00ea ne. Her \u00e7end p\u00eanasekirina jinan wek\u00ee eslek dibe ku behsa zihniyeta m\u00earan bike ku nakokiyan cemid\u00eene \u00fb jiyan\u00ea tepeser dike, ew di heman dem\u00ea de diyalekt\u00eeka civak\u00ee ya ku bi d\u00eerok\u00ee hatiye tepeserkirin ji n\u00fb ve dixe nav xwezaya xwe. Jineoloj\u00ee div\u00ea armanc bike ku bi derbaskirina zihniyeta m\u00earan a cemid\u00ee ya v\u00ea herik\u00eena tepeserkir\u00ee, \u015filb\u00fbn\u00ea sererast bike. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, azad\u00ee ne ten\u00ea bi r\u00eaya azadkirina jinan, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de bi r\u00eaya ji n\u00fb ve navendkirina zan\u00een \u00fb heb\u00fbna jinan mimkun e.<\/p>\n Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, j\u00eeneoloj\u00ee ne ten\u00ea zanistek n\u00fb ye, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de ji n\u00fb ve avakirina pergala referansa jiyan\u00ea ye. Ev referans t\u00ea wateya ji n\u00fb ve avakirina her ti\u015ft\u00ea ku bi xweza, civak, gerd\u00fbn \u00fb zan\u00een\u00ea ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye, bi \u00e7av, h\u00eastiyar\u00ee, ked, avaker\u00ee \u00fb rastiya jinan.<\/p>\n Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, j\u00eeneoloj\u00ee ruh, hi\u015f \u00fb prens\u00eeba yekem a zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee ye. Ev zanist p\u00eavajoya ku jin dibin xwe ye. \u00db ev “b\u00fbn xwe” \u00e7avkaniya bingeh\u00een e ku d\u00ea p\u00eavajoya ji n\u00fb ve heb\u00fbn\u00ea ji bo hem\u00ee mirovahiy\u00ea bide destp\u00eakirin. Ji ber ku jin ne ten\u00ea ahenga mirovahiy\u00ea l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de ya xwezay\u00ea j\u00ee tems\u00eel dikin. Rej\u00eema n\u00fb ya rastiy\u00ea ku j\u00eeneoloj\u00ee d\u00ea ava bike, ji n\u00fb ve avakirina v\u00ea aheng\u00ea ye.<\/p>\n