Armanca v\u00ea l\u00eakol\u00een\u00ea ew e ku raman\u00ean R\u00eaber Abdullah Ocalan li ser t\u00eageha komunan l\u00eakol\u00een bike. Em \u00ea hewl bidin ku t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftina R\u00eaber Ocalan a li ser komunan \u00fb watey\u00ean civak\u00ee-siyas\u00ee y\u00ean ku ew dide w\u00ea di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya perspekt\u00eefek modern\u00eeteya demokrat\u00eek de binirx\u00eenin.<\/p>\n
P\u00caNASE \u00db KOK\u00caN D\u00ceROK\u00ce Y\u00caN KOM\u00dbN\u00ca<\/strong><\/p>\n Komun wek\u00ee kevintir\u00een \u00fb bingeh\u00eentir\u00een \u015f\u00eaweya civak\u00eeb\u00fbna mirovan t\u00ea p\u00eanasekirin. Civak\u00ean e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee y\u00ean kevnar, bi taybet\u00ee civak\u00ean dayiksalar\u00ee, \u015f\u00eawazek jiyana komunal tems\u00eel dikin. Ev civakb\u00fbn bi qas\u00ee 30 hezar salan p\u00ea\u015f ket \u00fb dom kir. Rastiya ku peyva “kom\u00fbn” ji peyva Kurd\u00ee “kom” (berhevkirin) t\u00ea, gir\u00eadana w\u00ea bi bilindb\u00fbna \u00e7and\u00ee ya v\u00ea civak\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea li Mezopotamyay\u00ea n\u00ee\u015fan dide.<\/p>\n Heta serdema neol\u00eet\u00eek\u00ea, mirovah\u00ee bi giran\u00ee awayek klan\u00ee dijiya. Ev klanan, ji 15-20 kesan derbas nedib\u00fbn, dayiksalar\u00ee, xwed\u00ee hi\u015fmendiyeke civak\u00ee ya bilind b\u00fbn \u00fb civak\u00ean ku li ser esas\u00ean komkirin\u00ea b\u00fbnp\u00eak dihatin, digeriyan. Ew bi berhevkirina nebatan, n\u00ea\u00e7\u00eera heywan\u00ean pi\u00e7\u00fbk \u00fb berhevkirina h\u00eakan debara xwe dikirin. Rastiya ku jinan li dora tov\u00ean nebatan civak ava kirin, heb\u00fbna civakb\u00fbnek navend\u00ee ya jinan \u00fb serdestiya \u00e7anda Xwedawenda Dayik\u00ea di v\u00ea serdem\u00ea de n\u00ee\u015fan dide. Vegotin\u00ean m\u00eetoloj\u00eek \u00fb peyker\u00ean (Ven\u00fbs) ku di \u00e7anda Sumer\u00ee de t\u00eane d\u00eetin, pi\u015ftgir\u00ee didin v\u00ea \u00e7anda xwedawend \u00fb rola afir\u00eener a jinan. Bo nim\u00fbne, t\u00ea gotin ku peyva “Ninhursag”, xwedawenda sereke ya Sumer\u00ee, ji esl\u00ea xwe Proto-Kurd\u00ee ye, ku t\u00ea wateya “xwedawenda jin a her\u00eama \u00e7iyay\u00ee”.<\/p>\n QERAKT\u00caRA KOM\u00dbN \u00db XWEZAYA CIVAK\u00ce YA DIJ\u00ce-KAP\u00ceTAL\u00ca-SERMAYEY\u00ca<\/strong><\/p>\n Ew karektera dij-kap\u00eetal\u00ea ya xwezaya civak\u00ee n\u00ee\u015fan dide. Di tevahiya d\u00eeroka xwe ya hezar salan de, civak ji bandor\u00ean dejenerasyon\u00ea y\u00ean berhevkirina sermayey\u00ea haydar b\u00fbye; bo nim\u00fbne, tu ol ji \u015fermezarkirina fa\u00eez\u00ea dudil\u00ee nekiriye. Gir\u00eadana pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean b\u00eakar\u00ee \u00fb xizaniy\u00ea y\u00ean \u00eeroy\u00een ji h\u00eala kap\u00eetal\u00eezm\u00ea ve bi \u00e7alakiy\u00ean qezenc-ajotin \u00ean ku bi hewcedariy\u00ean bingeh\u00een \u00ean civak\u00ea re ne lihevhat\u00ee ne, \u00fb w\u00earankirina \u00e7andiniy\u00ea, helwesta dij-kap\u00eetal\u00ea ya xwezaya komunal xurt dike. Sermaye ji \u00ea\u015fa civak\u00ea ya ji bir\u00e7\u00eeb\u00fbn \u00fb xizaniy\u00ea b\u00eaxeber e ger hilber\u00een qezenc \u00e7\u00eaneke. Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, t\u00ea gotin ku tewra r\u00eaziknamey\u00ean ekoloj\u00eek j\u00ee dikarin derfet\u00ean kar biafir\u00eenin ku dikarin hem\u00ee b\u00eakariy\u00ea ji hol\u00ea rakin, b\u00eay\u00ee ku qan\u00fbna qezenc\u00ea li ber \u00e7avan bigirin.<\/p>\n BIHEV\u00c7\u00dbNA<\/strong> KOM\u00dbN \u00db S\u00ceSTEMA \u015eARISTAN\u00ceY\u00ca<\/strong><\/p>\n D\u00eeroka mirovahiy\u00ea wek\u00ee t\u00eako\u015f\u00eenek di navbera kom\u00eenal\u00eetey\u00ea \u00fb \u015faristaniya dewlet-esas de dib\u00eene. Ev nakok\u00ee bi pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean ku li ser bingeha zayend\u00ea derdikevin dest p\u00ea dike. Kl\u00eekek an \u00e7eteyek ku ji h\u00eala m\u00earan ve serdest e, her \u00e7end Serok Abdullah Ocalan v\u00ea yek\u00ea wek\u00ee (kujerek\u00ee Kast\u00eek ango Kast\u00eek Qatil bi nav dike) j\u00ee, bi \u00ear\u00ee\u015fkirina avahiya civak\u00ee ya li dora jina dayik pirsgir\u00eakan dest p\u00ea dike. Di encama van \u00ear\u00ee\u015fan de, jin t\u00eane kolekirin \u00fb ji bo mezinkirin \u00fb xebitandina zarok\u00ean xwe t\u00eane bikar an\u00een.<\/p>\n \u015earistan\u00ee bi s\u00eago\u015feya bajar, \u00e7\u00een \u00fb avakirina dewlet\u00ea derdikeve hol\u00ea, dibe h\u00eazek hegemon\u00eek li dij\u00ee komunan. Her \u00e7end bajar di destp\u00eak\u00ea de be\u015fdar\u00ee p\u00ea\u015fkeftina civak\u00ee dibin j\u00ee, avakirina \u00e7\u00een \u00fb avakirina dewlet\u00ea bi t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena ji bo yekdestdariya li ser z\u00eadehiy\u00ea xeternak dibin. S\u00eestema \u015faristaniy\u00ea saziyek desthilatdariy\u00ea ye ku dikeve her por\u00ea civak\u00ea, m\u00eena pence\u015f\u00ear\u00ea mezin dibe. Di v\u00ea p\u00eavajoy\u00ea de, civak vediguhere fermek (\u00c7iftlik) heywanan a yekdestdar, evd \u00fb kolet\u00ee wek\u00ee rej\u00eema xwezay\u00ee t\u00eane damezrandin. Koletiya jinan ji destp\u00eaka \u015faristaniy\u00ea ve b\u00fb pirsgir\u00eaka jiyan\u00ea ya her\u00ee berfireh \u00fb ferman\u00ean xweday\u00ee y\u00ean baviksalar, m\u00ear-serdest hatin avakirin.<\/p>\n WEK \u015e\u00caWEYEK BERXWEDAN\u00ca CIVAK \u00db NETEWEYA DEMOKRAT\u00ceK <\/strong><\/p>\n Li dij\u00ee v\u00ea zilm \u00fb \u00eestismara ji aliy\u00ea pergala \u015faristan\u00ee ve, civakan qet dev ji xwesteka xwe ya ji bo xwer\u00eaveberiy\u00ea bernedane \u00fb berxwedana xwe berdewam kirine. Bi zan\u00eena ku dev ji xwer\u00eaveberiy\u00ea berdan t\u00ea wateya windakirina nasnameya wan \u00fb koleb\u00fbn; e\u015f\u00eer \u00fb qeb\u00eeleyan terc\u00eeh kirin ku li \u00e7iya, \u00e7olan \u00fb de\u015ftan penageh bigerin, ne ku tesl\u00eem\u00ee h\u00eaz\u00ean serdest \u00ean biyan\u00ee bibin.<\/p>\n Rastiya Kurd ji d\u00eeroka Proto-Kurd ve li ser bingeha komunal\u00eetey\u00ea heye. Bi saya \u015f\u00eawaza jiyana wan a \u00e7iyay\u00ee \u00fb \u00e7anda \u00e7andin\u00ee \u00fb heywandariy\u00ea, ew wek\u00ee gelek\u00ee resen mane. \u00c7anda Kurd di qada pev\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea ya d\u00eeroka \u015faristan\u00ee de jiyaye, heb\u00fbna xwe li ser \u00e7iyayan parastiye, \u00e7anda xwe ya kevne\u015fop\u00ee ya e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee \u00fb qeb\u00eeley\u00ee heta roja \u00eero gihandiye. \u00c7anda e\u015f\u00eer\u00ee wek\u00ee r\u00eabazek heb\u00fbn\u00ea \u00fb \u00e7andek jiyana azad a ku bi berxwedana li hember \u015faristaniy\u00ea ve hat\u00ee destn\u00ee\u015fankirin, ne wek\u00ee avahiyek li ser bingeha gir\u00eadan\u00ean xw\u00een\u00ea t\u00ea p\u00eanasekirin.<\/p>\n Ew t\u00eageha neteweya demokrat\u00eek wek\u00ee alternat\u00eefek ji bo s\u00eenor\u00ean siyas\u00ee y\u00ean hi\u015fk \u00ean dewleta netewey\u00ee p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f dike. Ev t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftin dih\u00eale ku netewe \u00fb k\u00eamnetewey\u00ean cuda di nav heman cih \u00fb bajaran de bi avakirina wan wekhev, azad \u00fb demokrat\u00eek, di nav civak\u00ean netewey\u00ee y\u00ean bilindtir de werin avakirin. Ew tekez dike ku Kurd di p\u00ea\u015feroj\u00ea de ne ten\u00ea dewletek netewey\u00ee bin, l\u00ea d\u00ea wek\u00ee neteweyek demokrat\u00eek hebin. Pi\u015ft\u00ee d\u00eeroka proto-kurdan, Kurd\u00ean komunal, e\u015f\u00eeran \u00fb \u00eenkarkirin\u00ea, PKK \u00a0wek e encama v\u00ea d\u00eerok\u00ea bine\u00e7ar\u00ee derketiye hol\u00ea.<\/p>\n Komuna demokrat\u00eek bingeha v\u00ea civaka n\u00fb ye. Avakirina komun\u00ean jinan t\u00ea wateya ji n\u00fb ve avakirina jiyana komunal wek\u00ee nirxek bingeh\u00een a jiyan\u00ea. Ev am\u00fbrek ne\u00e7ar e ku jin nirx\u00ean ku ji \u00cenanna b\u00eapar mane veger\u00eenin. \u00c7iyay\u00ean Zagros wek\u00ee derg\u00fb\u015fa jiyana komunal t\u00eane d\u00eetin \u00fb div\u00ea ti\u015ftek r\u00ea li ber wan negire ku \u00eero heman rol\u00ea bil\u00eezin. Ev t\u00ea v\u00ea watey\u00ea ku \u00e7anda domandina civak\u00ea li ser sosyolojiyek ku li dora jinan p\u00ea\u015fketiye ye.<\/p>\n EXLAQ \u00db XWEPARASTINA KOMUNAL<\/strong><\/p>\n T\u00ea gotin ku prens\u00eeb\u00ean exlaq\u00ee, ne qan\u00fbn, di ji sed\u00ee 98\u00ea jiyana civak\u00ee de derbas dibin, \u00fb ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, behsa “civakek exlaq\u00ee” t\u00ea kirin. Exlaq ezm\u00fbna berhevkir\u00ee ya civakek\u00ea ye, rewakirina w\u00ea ji bo jiyan\u00ea, \u00fb organa bingeh\u00een a jiyana w\u00ea ye. Azad\u00ee \u00e7avkaniya exlaq\u00ea ye \u00fb dema ku hilbijartina exlaq\u00ee ji azadiy\u00ea derdikeve, ew wijdan\u00ea kolekt\u00eef \u00ea civak\u00ea tems\u00eel dike. Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, demokrasiya rast\u00een \u00fb exlaq dibin hevwate.<\/p>\n Xweparastin ji bo parastina jiyan \u00fb heb\u00fbna kom\u00fbnal p\u00eadiv\u00eeyek gir\u00eeng e. Sermaye \u00fb yekdestdariy\u00ean desthilatdariy\u00ea civak\u00ean b\u00eaxwed\u00ee m\u00eena keriy\u00ean pez belav kirine \u00fb fetih kirine. Ji bo Kurdan, t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena \u00e7ekdar\u00ee b\u00fbye am\u00fbrek xweparastin\u00ea ji bo parastina heb\u00fbna xwe. L\u00eabel\u00ea, devj\u00eaberdana dewleta netewey\u00ee j\u00ee devj\u00eaberdana \u015fer\u00ea rizgariya netewey\u00ee ya \u00e7ekdar\u00ee p\u00eaw\u00eest dike, ji ber ku maf\u00ea xweparastin\u00ea p\u00eadiv\u00eeyek ne\u00e7ar e ku div\u00ea bi qan\u00fbn\u00ea an pergalek ewlehiy\u00ea ya din were ewlekirin. T\u00ea tekez kirin ku div\u00ea jin j\u00ee xwediy\u00ea h\u00eaza xweparastin\u00ea bin \u00fb bi ewleh\u00ee bikevin qada civak\u00ee.<\/p>\n PA\u015eEROJA JIYANA KOMUNAL<\/strong><\/p>\n Cewhera jiyana kom\u00fbnal bingeha civak\u00ea ye \u00fb avahiy\u00ean civak\u00ee y\u00ean ku li ser v\u00ea bingeh\u00ea p\u00ea\u015f dikevin li ser bingeha civaknasiyek, prens\u00eeb\u00ean exlaq\u00ee \u00fb parastina xwe ne. Ev wek\u00ee berxwedan \u00fb alternat\u00eefek ji bo \u00e7\u00een, desthilatdar\u00ee \u00fb \u00eest\u00eesmar\u00ea ku ji h\u00eala \u015faristaniya dewlet-esas ve t\u00ea ferzkirin t\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f kirin. Kr\u00eez \u00fb pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean civak\u00ee y\u00ean ku li Rojhilata Nav\u00een, bi taybet\u00ee, hatine jiy\u00een, avakirina pergal\u00ean n\u00fb y\u00ean li ser bingeha nirx\u00ean kom\u00fbnal kirine p\u00eaw\u00eestiyek \u00fb fermanek exlaq\u00ee. Div\u00ea em bizanibin ku kom\u00fbnal\u00eet\u00ee bingeha neteweya demokrat\u00eek a p\u00ea\u015feroj\u00ea p\u00eak t\u00eene \u00fb ev yek anal\u00eezek berfireh \u00fb hewldanek avakirin\u00ea hewce dike.<\/p>\n