{"id":15496,"date":"2025-09-19T08:33:00","date_gmt":"2025-09-19T06:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/?p=15496"},"modified":"2025-09-19T08:41:09","modified_gmt":"2025-09-19T06:41:09","slug":"di-legerina-careseriye-de-sirovekirina-tegehi-u-pirsgireka-metodolojiye-li-ser-zanisten-civaki-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/di-legerina-careseriye-de-sirovekirina-tegehi-u-pirsgireka-metodolojiye-li-ser-zanisten-civaki-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Di L\u00eager\u00eena \u00c7areseriy\u00ea De; \u015eirovekirina T\u00eageh\u00ee \u00fb Pirsgir\u00eaka Metodolojiy\u00ea Li Ser Zanist\u00ean Civak\u00ee-2"},"content":{"rendered":"

ZANIST\u00caN CIVAK\u00ce TEN\u00ca BI \u015e\u00ceROVEKIRINA “Y\u00ca HEY\u00ce” T\u00caR NAKIN<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee nikarin ten\u00ea bi ravekirina “Y\u00ea Hey\u00ee” raz\u00ee bibin. Ew di heman dem\u00ea de berpirsiyar\u00ea pirsyarkirin \u00fb avakirina “\u00e7i div\u00ea be” ne. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, ti\u015ft\u00ea ku div\u00ea be ji nakokiy\u00ean exlaq\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee y\u00ean xwezay\u00ee y\u00ean xweza \u00fb civak\u00ea derdikeve hol\u00ea. Afirandina civak\u00ea, ku ji nakokiy\u00ean cemid\u00ee azad b\u00fbye, bingeha ti\u015ft\u00ea ku div\u00ea be ye. Ev t\u00ea v\u00ea watey\u00ea ku zanist berpirsiyariyek exlaq\u00ee hildigire. Ji ber ku dema ku mijara zanista civak\u00ee mirovah\u00ee \u00fb civak be, ev hilber\u00eena zan\u00een\u00ea xwed\u00ee h\u00eaz e ku rasterast jiyan, t\u00eakil\u00ee, c\u00eehana watey\u00ea \u00fb p\u00ea\u015feroja hevpar diyar bike. Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, div\u00ea r\u00eabaz bi hev re bi al\u00eey\u00ea exlaq\u00ee y\u00ea zanist\u00ea re were nirxandin.<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea nuqtey\u00ea de, t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftina alternat\u00eef a zanista civak\u00ee bi awayek\u00ee rad\u00eekal n\u00eaz\u00eekatiy\u00ean objekt\u00eef\u00eest \u00fb k\u00eamker \u00ean zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee y\u00ean klas\u00eek dipirse. T\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftina poz\u00eet\u00eef\u00eest a modern\u00eetey\u00ea ya zan\u00een\u00ea mirovan objekt\u00eef kir \u00fb civak\u00ea wek\u00ee pergalek mekan\u00eek\u00ee derman kir. Di encam\u00ea de, hilber\u00eena zan\u00een\u00ea b\u00fbye am\u00fbrek ji bo rewakirina avahiy\u00ean h\u00eaza serdest. Bi am\u00fbrkirina v\u00ea forma zan\u00een\u00ea, serweriy\u00ea der\u00ee ji bo hem \u00eestismara rew\u015fenb\u00eer\u00ee \u00fb hem j\u00ee civak\u00ee vekiriye. Zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee y\u00ean klas\u00eek bi awayek\u00ee objekt\u00eefkirina w\u00ea, t\u00eep\u00eezekirina takekes\u00ee, bi v\u00ee away\u00ee w\u00ee ji azadiya xwe wek\u00ee subjekt b\u00eabandor kirin. L\u00eabel\u00ea, n\u00eaz\u00eekatiya alternat\u00eef armanc dike ku nakokiyan ji n\u00fb ve bic\u00eeh b\u00eene \u00fb takekes\u00ee veguher\u00eene subjektek exlaq\u00ee.<\/p>\n

Ji aliyek\u00ee din ve, n\u00eaz\u00eekatiya zanista civak\u00ee ya alternat\u00eef li ser avahiya exlaq\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee ya xwezaya civak\u00ee ava b\u00fbye. Di v\u00ea n\u00eaz\u00eekatiy\u00ea de, zan\u00een ne ten\u00ea pejirandin \u00fb anal\u00eezkirin e, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de arasteyek exlaq\u00ee \u00fb helwestek siyas\u00ee ye. Zan\u00een ne ten\u00ea am\u00fbrek ji bo gih\u00ee\u015ftina rastiy\u00ea ye, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de bingehek ji bo t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena ji bo azad\u00ee \u00fb wekheviy\u00ea ye. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, zanista civak\u00ee ya alternat\u00eef wek\u00ee rej\u00eemek hi\u015fmendiy\u00ea t\u00ea \u015fekil kirin ku t\u00eakiliya xwe bi rastiy\u00ea re dipar\u00eaze, li ser berpirsiyariya exlaq\u00ee ye \u00fb armanc dike ku civak\u00ea veguher\u00eene.<\/p>\n

Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, zanista civak\u00ee ne ten\u00ea c\u00eeh\u00ea hilber\u00eena zan\u00een\u00ea ye, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de bingeha hilber\u00eena azad\u00ee, rast\u00ee \u00fb edalet\u00ea ye j\u00ee. Zanista civak\u00ee prat\u00eekek hi\u015fmendiy\u00ea ye ku cemid\u00ee dihel\u00eene, tepeserkir\u00ee xuya dike \u00fb mijar\u00ea ji n\u00fb ve ava dike.<\/p>\n

Li vir, n\u00eeqa\u015feke felsef\u00ee li ser xwezaya zan\u00een\u00ea j\u00ee p\u00eaw\u00eest e. Gelo zan\u00eena mutleq mimkun e? An j\u00ee, bi gotineke din, gelo di zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee de rastiyeke mutleq dikare were bidestxistin? Gotina R\u00eaber Apo ya ku dib\u00eaje “wateya mutleq a jiyan\u00ea nay\u00ea bidestxistin” pir biryardar e. Jiyan rastiyek e ku bi berdewam\u00ee bi watey\u00ea ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee p\u00ea\u015f dikeve l\u00ea qet nikare bi tevah\u00ee were f\u00eamkirin. Mirov ten\u00ea dikarin bi awayek\u00ee r\u00ealat\u00eev\u00eest n\u00eaz\u00eek\u00ee v\u00ea rastiy\u00ea bibin. Ev r\u00ealat\u00eev\u00eezm n\u00ee\u015fan dide ku zan\u00een her gav di nav t\u00eakil\u00eey\u00ea de t\u00ea hilberandin, ku ew pirjimar e, ne yekjimar e, \u00fb kolekt\u00eef e, ne takekes\u00ee ye.<\/p>\n

Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, zan\u00een \u00fb wate her gav ne temam in \u00fb mirov hewl didin ku v\u00ea k\u00eamasiy\u00ea bi entegrekirina bi xwezay\u00ea \u00fb civak\u00ea re tij\u00ee bikin. Di asta metafiz\u00eek\u00ee de, mirov hewl didin ku xwe bi Xwed\u00ea re temam bikin. R\u00ealat\u00eev\u00eezm li vir nasnameya b\u00eahempa ya heb\u00fbn\u00ea di nav avahiya hol\u00eest\u00eek de – ango rew\u015fa yekrengiy\u00ea di nav gerd\u00fbn\u00eetiy\u00ea de – diyar dike. Her heb\u00fbnek heye \u00fb bi nasnameya xwe ya yekjimar di nav nasnameyek gerd\u00fbn\u00ee de wateyek\u00ea bi dest dixe.<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, pirsa bingeh\u00een ev e ku gelo mirov dikarin hem rew\u015fa zan\u00eena watey\u00ean pirjimar \u00ean nasnamey\u00ean yekjimar \u00fb hem j\u00ee asta wate \u00fb zan\u00eena gerd\u00fbn\u00ee ya ku yek\u00eetiya wan e bi dest bixin. Dema ku dor t\u00ea ser mirovan, e\u015fkere ye ku t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftin \u00fb hi\u015fmendiya mirovan d\u00ea li hember rastiya makro pir s\u00eenordar be. Dema ku mirov bihesib\u00eene ku heta mejiy\u00ea mirovan j\u00ee ten\u00ea dikare be\u015fek pir s\u00eenordar ji xwe bikar b\u00eene, ne gengaz e ku mirov bigih\u00eeje zan\u00eena mutleq.<\/p>\n

Bi rast\u00ee, hem\u00ee zan\u00een ji h\u00eala mirovan ve t\u00eane \u00e7\u00eakirin. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, zan\u00eena mirovan her gav mehk\u00fbm e ku n\u00eev\u00e7o-netemam \u00fb k\u00eam bim\u00eene. Ev yek hilber\u00eena zan\u00een\u00ea dide kal\u00eeteyek nisb\u00ee \u00fb subjekt\u00eef. L\u00eabel\u00ea, ev subjekt\u00eef\u00eete nay\u00ea v\u00ea watey\u00ea ku mirov ten\u00ea bi heb\u00fbna xwe ya takekes\u00ee ve s\u00eenordar in. Berevaj\u00ee v\u00ea, mirov zan\u00een\u00ea li ser bingeha yekpareb\u00fbn\u00ea, di t\u00eakiliya bi heb\u00fbna gerd\u00fbn\u00ee \u00fb civak\u00ee de hildiber\u00eenin.<\/p>\n

Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, zan\u00eena mirovan hem p\u00eavajoyek nisb\u00ee \u00fb hem j\u00ee kolekt\u00eef e. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, div\u00ea mirov di c\u00eehanek ji gelek zan\u00een\u00ean nisb\u00ee de, bi awayek\u00ee dual\u00eest \u00fb beramber\u00ee zan\u00een\u00ea hilber\u00eenin. Zan\u00een \u00fb wate di nav v\u00ea t\u00eakiliy\u00ea de derdikevin hol\u00ea. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, gengaz e ku zan\u00een bi awayek\u00ee hol\u00eest\u00eek-yekpareb\u00fbn, li ser bingeha t\u00eakiliy\u00ean hem nisb\u00ee \u00fb hem j\u00ee beramber\u00ee, were hilberandin, l\u00ea ev yek j\u00ee zan\u00eena mutleq asteng dike. Zan\u00eena mutleq ten\u00ea bi zan\u00eena hevdem a potansiyel\u00ean b\u00eadaw\u00ee y\u00ean ku xwezaya heb\u00fbn\u00ea p\u00eak t\u00eenin gengaz e, l\u00ea xuyaye ku ev j\u00ee ne gengaz e.<\/p>\n

Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, zanyar\u00ee \u00fb zan\u00een her gav netemam in. Ev n\u00ee\u015fan dide ku hem\u00fb zanist, bi taybet\u00ee j\u00ee zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee, nikarin bigih\u00eejin zan\u00eena mutleq \u00fb zan\u00een d\u00ea her tim netemam \u00fb nisb\u00ee be. Bi rast\u00ee, civak\u00eeb\u00fbn bi xwe ji hewldan\u00ean kesan ji bo derbaskirina v\u00ea rew\u015fa zan\u00eena netemam \u00fb b\u00fby\u00een\u00ea derketiye hol\u00ea. Zan\u00eena mutleq a gerd\u00fbn, civak \u00fb rastiya mirovan, ku her tim di guher\u00een\u00ea de ne, ten\u00ea dikare \u00eediayek metafiz\u00eek\u00ee ya derew\u00een be.<\/p>\n

ZAN\u00ceNA MUTLEQ T\u00ca WATEYA DAWIYA JIYAN\u00ca <\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u00eavajoya gih\u00ee\u015ftina rastiy\u00ea ya civak\u00ea ji ber cemidandina nakokiyan ku bi xwezay\u00ee herikbar \u00fb afir\u00eener in, di nav civak\u00ea de, hatiye qutkirin. V\u00ea cemidandin\u00ea gir\u00eadana di navbera zan\u00een \u00fb rastiy\u00ea de qut kiriye, bi \u00eediaya mutleqb\u00fbn\u00ea kesayetiy\u00ea n\u00ee\u015fan daye \u00fb civak\u00ea veguherandiye objeyek serdestiy\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea nuqtey\u00ea de, pirsgir\u00eak dikare ji perspekt\u00eefek felsef\u00ee j\u00ee were d\u00eetin. Ma zan\u00eena mutleq ji bo mirovan \u00e7\u00eatir e, an zan\u00eena qism\u00ee ye? Zan\u00eena mutleq dawiya jiyan\u00ea n\u00ee\u015fan dide. Ev hi\u015fek cemid\u00ee, hi\u015fek b\u00eafonksiyon, heb\u00fbnek ku ji jiyan\u00ea k\u00eaf\u00ea nab\u00eene \u00fb hem\u00ee zind\u00eetiya xwe winda kiriye, vedib\u00eaje. Di astek wusa de, \u00eeht\u00eemala n\u00fbjen\u00ee, tevger, guhertin, veguher\u00een, c\u00fbdah\u00ee an dewlemendkirin\u00ea tune. Ji ber ku mirovah\u00ee xwedan karekterek metafiz\u00eek\u00ee ye, div\u00ea ev aliy\u00ean w\u00ea l\u00eakol\u00eena sereke ya zanista civak\u00ee bin.<\/p>\n

L\u00eabel\u00ea, zan\u00eena mutleq v\u00ea xwezaya afir\u00eener \u00fb guh\u00earbar a mirovahiy\u00ea dikuje. Ev t\u00ea v\u00ea watey\u00ea ku poz\u00eet\u00eev\u00eezm, bi n\u00eaz\u00eekatiya xwe ya “zan\u00eena mutleq”, d\u00ea careke din mirovahiy\u00ea aciz bike. Berevaj\u00ee v\u00ea, n\u00eev-zan\u00een bingeha azadiya mirovahiy\u00ea p\u00eak t\u00eene. N\u00eev-zan\u00een deriy\u00ea n\u00fbjen\u00ee, guhertin, veguher\u00een \u00fb dewlemendkirin\u00ea ji bo mirovahiy\u00ea vedike. Jiyan ji bo mirovahiy\u00ea di v\u00ea ast\u00ea de digih\u00eeje rastiy\u00ea. Ev rew\u015fa n\u00eev-zan\u00een rew\u015fek l\u00eager\u00eenek domdar e \u00fb ast\u00ea bingeh\u00een \u00ea afirandina qenc\u00ee, bedew\u00ee \u00fb rastiy\u00ea p\u00eak t\u00eene. Li ser v\u00ea ast\u00ea, mirovah\u00ee bi p\u00eakan\u00eena xwe bi civak \u00fb xwezay\u00ea re xizmet\u00ea dike ku form\u00ean n\u00fb y\u00ean heb\u00fbn\u00ea derxe hol\u00ea \u00fb jiyan\u00ea dewlemend bike.<\/p>\n

Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee armanc ne ew e ku zan\u00eena mutleq fam bikin, l\u00ea armanc dikin ku avahiya t\u00eakil\u00ee, piral\u00ee \u00fb d\u00eenam\u00eek a heb\u00fbna civak\u00ee fam bikin. Armanca n\u00eeqa\u015fa felsef\u00ee j\u00ee div\u00ea di v\u00ea al\u00ee de be. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, l\u00eager\u00eena azadiya mutleq, l\u00eager\u00eena watey\u00ea ku ji madey\u00ea derbas dibe \u00fb diyalekt\u00eeka guhertin \u00fb veguher\u00eena domdar div\u00ea wek\u00ee xwe-p\u00eakan\u00eena xweza, civak \u00fb mirovahiy\u00ea were hesibandin. Hilber\u00eena zan\u00een\u00ea ya ku bi v\u00ea t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftin\u00ea ve hat\u00ee \u015fekilkirin, r\u00ea li ber p\u00eavajoyek hol\u00eest\u00eek-yekpareb\u00fbn a xebitandin\u00ea \u00fb gih\u00ee\u015ftina ahengek hol\u00eest\u00eek vedike b\u00eay\u00ee ku ferd\u00ee ji \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya xwe ya civak\u00ee, civak\u00ea ji \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya w\u00ea ya d\u00eerok\u00ee, an mirovahiy\u00ea ji gir\u00eadana w\u00ea bi xwezay\u00ea veqet\u00eene. Ev, di encam\u00ea de, dih\u00eale ku zan\u00een formek yekpareb\u00fbn\u00ea, t\u00eakil\u00ee \u00fb exlaq\u00ee bigire.<\/p>\n

Li ser v\u00ea bingeh\u00ea,\u00a0 zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee div\u00ea \u00ead\u00ee ne ten\u00ea wek e qadeke danas\u00eena b\u00fbyeran \u00fb r\u00eazkirina r\u00eajey\u00ean ceribandinan, wek\u00ee qadeke hi\u015fmendiy\u00ea ku potansiyela civak\u00ea ji bo gih\u00ee\u015ftina rastiy\u00ea, rizgariy\u00ea \u00fb xwe-f\u00eamkirin\u00ea e\u015fkere dike be. Div\u00ea r\u00eabaz r\u00eaberiya v\u00ea avakirin\u00ea, exlaq r\u00eaberiya w\u00ea bike, \u00fb rast\u00ee j\u00ee r\u00ea\u00e7a ku div\u00ea were gih\u00ee\u015ftin be.<\/p>\n

Ji ber v\u00ea sedem\u00ea, parad\u00eegmaya zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya xwe ya teor\u00eek bi p\u00eanaseya “Rej\u00eema Rastiy\u00ea” dib\u00eene ku ji h\u00eala R\u00eaber Apo ve hatiye bit\u00eagehkirin. Ev t\u00eageh hem xwezaya hilber\u00eena zan\u00een\u00ea \u00fb hem j\u00ee fonksiyona v\u00ea zan\u00een\u00ea di jiyana civak\u00ee de ji n\u00fb ve p\u00eanase dike. Rast\u00ee ne ten\u00ea kategoriyek zan\u00een\u00ea ye, l\u00ea \u015f\u00eawazek jiyan\u00ea ye. Bi gotineke din, ew celebek zan\u00een\u00ea ye ku derbasdariya w\u00ea ne ten\u00ea bi awayek\u00ee mantiq\u00ee l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de di ast\u00ean exlaq\u00ee, siyas\u00ee \u00fb estet\u00eek\u00ee de j\u00ee t\u00ea ceribandin \u00fb derbasdariya w\u00ea dikare di prat\u00eek\u00ea de were ceribandin. Ev t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftin \u00eed\u00eea dike ku zan\u00een ne bi r\u00eaya razberiy\u00ea (soyutkirin) ji jiyan\u00ea qutb\u00fby\u00ee \u00e7\u00eadibe, l\u00ea di nav t\u00eakiliyek hevbe\u015f de ku li k\u00ealeka jiyan\u00ea p\u00ea\u015f dikeve.<\/p>\n

Rej\u00eema Rast\u00eey\u00ea, berevaj\u00ee rej\u00eemey\u00ean zan\u00eena klas\u00eek ku zan\u00een t\u00ea de t\u00ea objekt\u00eezekirin, t\u00ea bazirgan\u00eekirin \u00fb vediguhere am\u00fbrek serdestiy\u00ea, rej\u00eemek e ku t\u00ea de zan\u00een dibe parastina xwe ya civak\u00ea. Zan\u00een \u00ead\u00ee ne qadeke pisporiya razberiy\u00ea ye, l\u00ea bel\u00ea wek\u00ee wijdan\u00ea kolekt\u00eef, aqil\u00ea kolekt\u00eef, b\u00eera kolekt\u00eef, \u00e7alakiya kolekt\u00eef \u00fb xeyala kolekt\u00eef a civak\u00ea t\u00ea damezrandin. Di v\u00ea nuqtey\u00ea de, zan\u00een ne ten\u00ea milk\u00ea \u00eemtiyaz\u00ee y\u00ea kes\u00ean ku “dizanin” e, l\u00ea h\u00eaza kolekt\u00eef a kes\u00ean ku “dij\u00een” e. Avakirina zanista civak\u00ee bi exlaqek wusa ya zan\u00een\u00ea t\u00ea wateya demokrat\u00eekkirina w\u00ea ya rad\u00eekal. Ji ber ku zan\u00eena cemid\u00ee bi berdewam\u00ee kr\u00eez\u00ea ji n\u00fb ve \u00e7\u00eadike, l\u00ea zan\u00eena t\u00eakil\u00ee potansiyela azadiy\u00ea \u00e7alak dike.<\/p>\n

Div\u00ea em n\u00eaz\u00eekatiya xwe ya li hember xwezaya zan\u00een \u00fb agahdariy\u00ea \u015f\u00eanber bikin. Di zanista poz\u00eet\u00eev\u00eest a n\u00fbjen de, zan\u00een neguherbar, sab\u00eet \u00fb rastiy\u00ean gerd\u00fbn\u00ee ne ku bi r\u00eaya \u00e7avd\u00ear\u00eekirin \u00fb p\u00eevandina c\u00eehana objekt\u00eef t\u00eane bidestxistin. Li vir, zan\u00een ji dervey\u00ee xweza an civak\u00ea t\u00ea wergirtin \u00fb mijar \u00fb ti\u015ft ji hev cuda ne. Armanca zan\u00een\u00ea kontrolkirin, man\u00eepulekirin \u00fb serdestkirina xweza \u00fb civak\u00ea ye.<\/p>\n

Li gor\u00ee parad\u00eegmaya zanista civak\u00ee, zan\u00een p\u00eavajoyek zind\u00ee, guherbar \u00fb ji h\u00eala exlaq\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee ve berpirsiyar e ku bi r\u00eaya avakirina watey\u00ea di nav t\u00eakiliy\u00ean di navbera xweza, civak \u00fb mirovahiy\u00ea de t\u00ea hilberandin. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, zan\u00een t\u00eakil\u00ee ye; mijar \u00fb ti\u015ft bi hev ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ne; zan\u00een diherike \u00fb bi jiyan\u00ea re ji n\u00fb ve t\u00ea saz kirin. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, di nav t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftina parad\u00eegmaya zanista civak\u00ee de, zan\u00een be\u015fek bingeh\u00een a azad\u00ee, wate \u00fb veguher\u00eena civak\u00ee ye.<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ee war\u00ee de, parad\u00eegmaya zanista civak\u00ee hem\u00ee \u015f\u00eawey\u00ean t\u00eakiliya ku modern\u00eeteya kap\u00eetal\u00eest bi zan\u00een\u00ea re ava kiriye, y\u00ean xirabkir\u00ee \u00fb \u00eestismarkir\u00ee rexne dike. Ev ji ber ku zan\u00eena modern\u00eetey\u00ea ji bo armanca objekt\u00eefkirin \u00fb hilber\u00eena h\u00eaz\u00ea hatiye avakirin. Di nav v\u00ea moda zan\u00een\u00ea de, mirov, xweza \u00fb civak ten\u00ea b\u00fbne daney\u00ean p\u00eavajoy\u00ee, ji \u015fiyana wan a ku bibin mijar hatine b\u00eaparkirin. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, zanista civak\u00ee div\u00ea ne li ser t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftina klas\u00eek a zan\u00een\u00ea, l\u00ea li ser modela aqilmendiya zind\u00ee be.<\/p>\n

Li vir, n\u00eaz\u00eekatiya R\u00eaber Apo pir zelaltir dibe. Ji bo w\u00ee, zan\u00een ne am\u00fbrek h\u00eaz\u00ea ye, l\u00ea am\u00fbrek azadiy\u00ea ye. Zan\u00een ne ji bo avakirina desthilatdariy\u00ea heye, l\u00ea ji bo r\u00ea li ber p\u00ea\u015fkeftina civak\u00ee ya b\u00ea asteng veke, li gor\u00ee qan\u00fbn\u00ean xwe y\u00ean navxwey\u00ee y\u00ean p\u00ea\u015fve\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea biguhere \u00fb veguher\u00eene, bi v\u00ee reng\u00ee azad bike, xwe\u015fik bike \u00fb watey\u00ea l\u00ea z\u00eade bike. Zan\u00een ne desthilatdar\u00ee ye, l\u00ea hunera tam\u00eerkirina jiyan\u00ea ye. Ev t\u00ea v\u00ea watey\u00ea ku div\u00ea zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee rasterast bi jiyan, civak, xweza \u00fb rastiy\u00ea ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee bin.<\/p>\n

Ji aliyek\u00ee din ve, zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee nikarin ten\u00ea bi ravekirina daney\u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ee, n\u00ee\u015faney\u00ean abor\u00ee, an p\u00eavajoy\u00ean siyas\u00ee raz\u00ee bibin. Erka wan a sereke anal\u00eezkirina z\u00eehniyet\u00ea, kod\u00ean \u00e7and\u00ee, texm\u00een\u00ean ontoloj\u00eek \u00fb arastey\u00ean epistemoloj\u00eek \u00ean li pi\u015ft van p\u00eavajoyan e. Ji ber ku tu modelek abor\u00ee, tu avahiyek siyas\u00ee \u00fb tu r\u00eaziknameyek civak\u00ee ji avakirina z\u00eehniyet\u00ea ya ku li ser hatiye avakirin serbixwe n\u00eene.<\/p>\n

Tam ji ber v\u00ea sedem\u00ea, t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftina parad\u00eegmat\u00eek a zan\u00eesta civak\u00ee div\u00ea zihniyet\u00ea \u00e7areser bike. Ji ber ku zihn\u00eeyet asta her\u00ee kur, her\u00ee bi bandor, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ee de asta her\u00ee ned\u00eet\u00ee ya jiyana civak\u00ee ye. Veguher\u00eena civak\u00ee b\u00eay\u00ee veguher\u00eena z\u00eehniyet\u00ea ne mumkin e. Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, rola zanista civak\u00ee ne ten\u00ea a\u015fkerekirina z\u00eehniyeta hey\u00ee ye, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ee de vekirina r\u00ea ji bo avakirina yek\u00ee n\u00fb ye. Ev ye\u011fk zanista civak\u00ee vediguher\u00eene qadteke ku ne ten\u00ea anal\u00eet\u00eek e, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ee de avaker, veguher\u00eener \u00fb afir\u00eener e j\u00ee.<\/p>\n

Tam ji ber v\u00ea sedem\u00ea, t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftina parad\u00eegmat\u00eek a zanista civak\u00ee div\u00ea mijara z\u00eehniyet\u00ea \u00e7areser bike. Ji ber ku z\u00eehniyet asta her\u00ee k\u00fbr, her\u00ee bibandor, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de asta her\u00ee ned\u00eet\u00ee ya jiyana civak\u00ee ye. Veguher\u00eena civak\u00ee b\u00eay\u00ee veguher\u00eena z\u00eehniyet\u00ea ne mumkin e. Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, rola zanista civak\u00ee ne ten\u00ea e\u015fkerekirina z\u00eehniyet\u00ean hey\u00ee ye, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de r\u00ea li ber avakirina z\u00eehniyetek n\u00fb vedike. Ev yek zanista civak\u00ee vediguher\u00eene qadek ku ne ten\u00ea anal\u00eez dike, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de ava dike, vediguher\u00eene \u00fb diafir\u00eene.<\/p>\n

\u015eirovekirina civak\u00ea ten\u00ea bi r\u00eaya \u00e7\u00eenan, t\u00eakiliy\u00ean hilber\u00een\u00ea, an j\u00ee \u015f\u00eawey\u00ean dewlet\u00ea d\u00ea k\u00eamker be. Avahiy\u00ean exlaq\u00ee, siyas\u00ee, hestyar\u00ee, estet\u00eek\u00ee, \u00e7and\u00ee \u00fb sembol\u00eek \u00ean civak\u00ea bi k\u00eaman\u00ee bi qas\u00ee avahiy\u00ean w\u00ea y\u00ean mad\u00ee gir\u00eeng in. Parad\u00eegmaya zanista civak\u00ee li ser v\u00ea pirrengiy\u00ea hatiye damezrandin. Di v\u00ea watey\u00ea de, zanista civak\u00ee \u00ead\u00ee ne ten\u00ea h\u00eazek raveker e, l\u00ea rew\u015fek aqil \u00fb hestyar\u00ee ye ku watey\u00ea ava dike, rastiy\u00ea organ\u00eeze dike \u00fb avakirina estet\u00eek\u00ee ya watey\u00ea p\u00eak t\u00eene.<\/p>\n

Ji v\u00ea perspekt\u00eef\u00ea ve, div\u00ea zanista civak\u00ee \u015fore\u015fek epistemoloj\u00eek bike. Ev \u015fore\u015f bi bingeh\u00een p\u00eanase, p\u00eavajoya hilber\u00een\u00ea \u00fb fonksiyona civak\u00ee ya zan\u00een\u00ea diguher\u00eene. Civak niha wek\u00ee mijarek di navenda zan\u00een\u00ea de t\u00ea dan\u00een, \u00fb di nav v\u00ea civak\u00ea de, heb\u00fbna afir\u00eener \u00fb avaker a jinan navend\u00ee ye. \u00c7awa ku jin h\u00eamana sereke ne ku d\u00eenam\u00eek\u00ean heb\u00fbna civak\u00ea diyar dikin, hesasiyet\u00ean exlaq\u00ee \u00fb estet\u00eek\u00ee y\u00ean ku xwezaya zan\u00een\u00ea diyar dikin j\u00ee di xwezaya civak\u00ee ya jinan de ne.<\/p>\n

Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, R\u00eaber Apo perspekt\u00eefa rizgariya jinan dike prens\u00eeba bingeh\u00een a zanista civak\u00ee. Ev ne ten\u00ea hesasiyetek zayend\u00ee ye, l\u00ea ji n\u00fb ve p\u00eanasekirina bingeha exlaq\u00ee, estet\u00eek\u00ee \u00fb azad\u00eexwaz a zan\u00een\u00ea ye. Tu n\u00eaz\u00eekatiyek zanista civak\u00ee ku jinan li navenda epistemoloj\u00eek bic\u00eeh neke nikare azadker be. Li vir, jin ne ti\u015ft\u00ean zan\u00een\u00ea ne, l\u00ea mijar\u00ean exlaq\u00ee y\u00ean zan\u00een\u00ea ne. Dan\u00eena jinan wek\u00ee mijar\u00ean zan\u00een\u00ea di navend\u00ea de di heman dem\u00ea de t\u00ea wateya hilwe\u015fandin \u00fb ji n\u00fb ve enerj\u00eekkirina z\u00eehniyeta serdest a m\u00earan ku nakokiy\u00ean civak\u00ee cemidandiye.<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea nuqtey\u00ea de, destwerdanek di ziman\u00ea zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee de j\u00ee p\u00eaw\u00eest e. Ziman ne ten\u00ea am\u00fbrek \u00eefadey\u00ea ye, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de celebek raman\u00ea ye. Zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee b\u00eay\u00ee guhertina avahiya m\u00earan\u00ee, desthilatdar\u00ee, hegemon\u00eek \u00fb k\u00eamker a ziman nikarin werin azadkirin. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, parad\u00eegmaya zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee div\u00ea ziman j\u00ee ji n\u00fb ve ava bike. Div\u00ea ev ziman\u00ea n\u00fb li ser zimanek\u00ee b\u00eaal\u00ee, l\u00eeberal, demokrat\u00eek, civak\u00ee \u00fb pirdeng be. Ten\u00ea bi v\u00ee reng\u00ee hilber\u00eena zan\u00een\u00ea dikare were kolekt\u00eef kirin \u00fb hem\u00ee be\u015f\u00ean civak\u00ea dikarin be\u015fdar\u00ee v\u00ea p\u00eavajoya hilber\u00eena zan\u00een\u00ea bibin.<\/p>\n

Ev hem\u00fb n\u00ee\u015fan didin ku zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee \u00ead\u00ee nikarin wek\u00ee d\u00ees\u00eepl\u00een\u00ean akadem\u00eek \u00ean klas\u00eek, xefik\u00ean ji bo desthilatdariy\u00ea, \u00fb avahiy\u00ean xirabker \u00fb \u00eestismarker \u00ean hi\u015fmendiya m\u00ear werin hesibandin. Zanista civak\u00ee niha qadeke t\u00eako\u015f\u00een\u00ea ye li dij\u00ee v\u00ea avakirin \u00fb man\u00eepulekirina xelet. Ew ne ji bo t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftina civak\u00ea, l\u00ea ji bo veguherandina w\u00ea heye. Ew ne ji bo e\u015fkerekirina rastiy\u00ea, l\u00ea ji bo jiyandina w\u00ea heye. Di v\u00ee war\u00ee de, zanista civak\u00ee berpirsiyar e ku bingeha rew\u015fenb\u00eer\u00ee ji bo rej\u00eemek n\u00fb ya jiyan\u00ea ava bike.<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, zanista civak\u00ee ne ten\u00ea pirsgir\u00eakek epistemoloj\u00eek e, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de berpirsiyariyek exlaq\u00ee, ontoloj\u00eek \u00fb siyas\u00ee ye j\u00ee. Parad\u00eegmaya zanista civak\u00ee t\u00eako\u015f\u00eenek e ji bo ji n\u00fb ve avakirina t\u00eakiliya civak\u00ea bi rast\u00ee, xwezay\u00ea \u00fb xwe re. Ev ne hilber\u00eena zan\u00een\u00ea ye, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de avakirina azadiy\u00ea ye. Zan\u00een div\u00ea bibe am\u00fbrek ji bo civak\u00ea da ku xwe fam bike, ji n\u00fb ve ava bike \u00fb xwe bipar\u00eaze. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea zanista civak\u00ee dibe zanista xweparastin\u00ea. Ji ber ku zanista xweparastin\u00ea nav\u00ea helandina avahiy\u00ean cemid\u00ee \u00fb afirandina atmosferek agahdariy\u00ea ya l\u00eebertaryan e ku civak dikare d\u00eesa t\u00ea de nefes bigire.<\/p>\n

T\u00eag\u00eena “Xweparastin” ya R\u00eaber Apo ne ten\u00ea di asta le\u015fker\u00ee de, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de di asta rew\u015fenb\u00eer\u00ee, \u00e7and\u00ee \u00fb zanist\u00ee de j\u00ee parastina rewa n\u00ee\u015fan dide. Di v\u00ea watey\u00ea de, div\u00ea zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee bibin am\u00fbr\u00ean ji bo hi\u015fmendiya xwe, nirxandina xwe, rexnekirina xwe \u00fb ji n\u00fb ve avakirina civak\u00ea. Ev rol di heman dem\u00ea de t\u00ea v\u00ea watey\u00ea ku zanista civak\u00ee b\u00eer, exlaq \u00fb afir\u00eener\u00ea civakek b\u00eadewlet e.<\/p>\n

Zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee y\u00ean klas\u00eek zanist bi dewlet\u00ea, bi h\u00eaz\u00ea \u00fb bi z\u00eehniyeta m\u00earan re nas kirine. Wan zan\u00een hilberandine da ku civak\u00ea fam bikin, xirab bikin, \u00eestismar bikin, bir\u00eave bibin \u00fb kontrol bikin. Ev zan\u00een xizmeta xeyala civatek\u00ea kiriye ku b\u00fbye armanca dewlet\u00ea, ne mijara civak\u00ea. Div\u00ea zanista civak\u00ee niha dev ji v\u00ea fonksiyon\u00ea berde \u00fb kontrola civak\u00ee ya zan\u00een\u00ea veguhez\u00eene civak\u00ea. Ev rexneyek rad\u00eekal \u00fb qutb\u00fbnek bi bazirgan\u00eekirina zan\u00een\u00ea \u00fb pergala kast\u00ea ya akadem\u00eek re ye.<\/p>\n

Taybetmendiyek din a rizgarker a zanista civak\u00ee bi t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftina dem \u00fb mekan\u00ea ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye. Zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee y\u00ean klas\u00eek dem\u00ea x\u00eazik \u00fb mekan\u00ea stat\u00eek dib\u00eenin. L\u00eabel\u00ea, civak di nav mekanek demk\u00ee ya \u00e7erx\u00ee, xalxal\u00ee \u00fb cih\u00eareng de hene. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, div\u00ea parad\u00eegmaya zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee dem \u00fb mekan j\u00ee ji n\u00fb ve binirx\u00eene. P\u00eevan\u00ean wek\u00ee b\u00eera civak\u00ee, a\u00eediyeta mekan\u00eek\u00ee \u00fb berdewamiya demk\u00ee ten\u00ea dikarin bi awayek\u00ee hol\u00eest\u00eek bi riya v\u00ea t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftina pirjimar a dem-mekan werin f\u00eamkirin.<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, p\u00ea\u015feroja zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee di hewldana w\u00ea de ye ku b\u00eer, wijdan, c\u00eehana watey\u00ea \u00fb xeyala civak\u00ea organ\u00eeze bike. Zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee celebek hilber\u00eena hi\u015fmendiya kolekt\u00eef in. Ev hi\u015fmend\u00ee ne ten\u00ea bi zan\u00eena akadem\u00eek a day\u00een, l\u00ea bi tevlihevkirina w\u00ea bi aqilmendiya civak\u00ee ya d\u00eerok\u00ee, hi\u015fmendiya jinan, ezm\u00fbna jiyana di ahengek bi xwezay\u00ea re \u00fb nirx\u00ean demokrat\u00eek re t\u00ea avakirin.<\/p>\n

Di encam\u00ea de, div\u00ea zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee ji s\u00eenor\u00ean teng \u00ean t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftina poz\u00eet\u00eev\u00eest a klas\u00eek ji n\u00fb ve werin avakirin da ku potansiyela azadiya takekesan \u00fb civak\u00ea e\u015fkere bikin. Anal\u00eez\u00ean ku di v\u00ea gotar\u00ea de hatine p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f kirin n\u00ee\u015fan didin ku zanista civak\u00ee nikare ten\u00ea bi ravekirina rastiy\u00ean objekt\u00eef raz\u00ee bibe; m\u00eesyona w\u00ea ya sereke ew e ku d\u00eenam\u00eek\u00ean exlaq\u00ee, exlaq\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee y\u00ean xwezaya civak\u00ee e\u015fkere bike \u00fb r\u00eaberiya entegrasyona mirovan di jiyanek azad de bike.<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, dudiliy\u00ean Immanuel Wallerstein li ser armanca zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee balk\u00ea\u015f in. Wallerstein bi pirs\u00eena “Gelo armanca zanista civak\u00ee cudakirina ba\u015f\u00ee \u00fb xirab\u00ee, an rast\u00ee \u00fb xelet\u00ee ye?”, di bingeh de kr\u00eeza epistemoloj\u00eek a ku zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee y\u00ean n\u00fbjen dij\u00een e\u015fkere kir. Li gor\u00ee wan, t\u00eageh\u00ean ba\u015f\u00ee \u00fb xirab\u00ee ji zanist\u00ea hatine derxistin ji ber ku ew “subjekt\u00eef”, “hestyar\u00ee” \u00fb “ne-aqil” in. L\u00eabel\u00ea, tewra di astek p\u00ea\u015fkeft\u00ee de j\u00ee, Wallerstein ten\u00ea v\u00ea nezelaliy\u00ea di wateya hest\u00ea de destn\u00ee\u015fan kir \u00fb nekar\u00ee perspekt\u00eefek \u015fore\u015fger\u00ee p\u00ea\u015f bixe da ku w\u00ea derbas bike. Sedema bingeh\u00een a v\u00ea yek\u00ea ev e ku t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftina w\u00ee ya zanist\u00ea h\u00een j\u00ee nikare s\u00eenor\u00ean \u00e7epgir\u00ean Ewro-navend\u00ee, saz\u00fbmana akadem\u00eek \u00fb hik\u00fbmet\u00ea derbas bike, \u00fb nikare zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee wek\u00ee am\u00fbrek ji bo avakirina azadiya siyas\u00ee bigire.<\/p>\n

Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, ev kevne\u015fop\u00ee h\u00een j\u00ee zanista civak\u00ee heya radeyek\u00ea bi r\u00eabaz\u00ean poz\u00eet\u00eev\u00eest \u00ean wek\u00ee “\u00e7avd\u00eariya b\u00eaal\u00ee”, “anal\u00eeza d\u00fbr” \u00fb “berhevkirina daneyan” s\u00eenordar dike. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, rastiyek e ku ramanwer\u00ean niyeta ba\u015f \u00ean bi anal\u00eez\u00ean bih\u00eaz, \u00e7i di kevne\u015fopiya akadem\u00eek a \u00e7epgir de bin an j\u00ee kevne\u015fopiya akadem\u00eek a postmodern a n\u00fb, nikarin bi tevah\u00ee ji hik\u00fbmet \u00fb avahiya akadem\u00eek veqetin.<\/p>\n

Metodolojiya poz\u00eet\u00eev\u00eest \u00eed\u00eea dike ku zan\u00een forma her\u00ee b\u00eaal\u00ee ye, \u00fb dib\u00eaje ku \u00e7avd\u00ear div\u00ea dervey\u00ee \u00fb b\u00eaal\u00ee be. Bi gotineke din, ew armanc dike ku bi r\u00eaya objekt\u00eefkirina zan\u00een\u00ea, dervey\u00eekirina jiyan\u00ea \u00fb komkirina daneyan di form\u00ean p\u00eevand\u00ee de bigih\u00eeje rastiy\u00ea. L\u00eabel\u00ea, r\u00eabaza parad\u00eegmaya zanista civak\u00ee \u00eed\u00eea dike ku rast\u00ee di t\u00eakiliy\u00ea de \u00e7\u00eadibe, \u00fb zan\u00een b\u00eay\u00ee be\u015fdariya xwer\u00fb nikare rast be. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, t\u00eakiliya bi jiyan\u00ea, heb\u00fbn\u00ea re, t\u00eakil\u00ee ye, \u00fb gir\u00eadan \u00fb t\u00eakil\u00ee di l\u00eestik\u00ea de ne. Ew zan\u00een\u00ea bi berpirsiyariya exlaq\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee hildiber\u00eene, w\u00ea di nav yekpar\u00e7ey\u00ee \u00fb gir\u00eadana \u00e7avd\u00ear \u00fb \u00e7avd\u00ear\u00eekir\u00ee de saz dike, w\u00ea di be\u015fdariya xwer\u00fb di hilber\u00eena zan\u00een\u00ea de bingeh dike, \u00fb armanc dike ku rastiy\u00ea bi \u00e7\u00eakirina daneyan be\u015fek ji p\u00eavajoya avakirina watey\u00ea ji n\u00fb ve hilber\u00eene.<\/p>\n

Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, veqetandina di navbera ba\u015f\u00ee \u00fb xerabiy\u00ea de ten\u00ea bi qada ol\u00ea ve \u00fb s\u00eenordarkirina zanist\u00ea bi eksena rast-\u00e7ewt a bi tevah\u00ee n\u00ee\u015fana her\u00ee t\u00eep\u00eek a hi\u015fmendiya poz\u00eet\u00eev\u00eest a n\u00fbjen e. L\u00eabel\u00ea, parad\u00eegmaya zanista civak\u00ee div\u00ea bi hi\u015fmendiya exlaq\u00ee, estet\u00eek, demokrat\u00eek \u00fb siyas\u00ee were avakirin. Armanca w\u00ea ya sereke div\u00ea ne ten\u00ea diyarkirina b\u00eaal\u00ee ya rastiyan be, l\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fxistina azadiya civak\u00ee \u00fb r\u00eaziknameya exlaq\u00ee be. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, zanista civak\u00ee b\u00eay\u00ee navendkirina nirx\u00ean exlaq\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee nay\u00ea fikir\u00een.<\/p>\n

Wek\u00ee din, div\u00ea xwezaya zan\u00een\u00ea j\u00ee di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de ji n\u00fb ve were p\u00eanasekirin. Zanista poz\u00eet\u00eev\u00eest a klas\u00eek di hilber\u00eena zan\u00een\u00ea de d\u00fbrb\u00fbnek mutleq di navbera \u00e7avd\u00ear \u00fb \u00e7avd\u00earkir\u00ee de texm\u00een kir. L\u00eabel\u00ea, f\u00eez\u00eeka kuantum\u00ea ya n\u00fbjen bi bingeh\u00een ev texm\u00een red kiriye. Li ser asta kuantum\u00ea, \u00e7avd\u00ear \u00fb \u00e7avd\u00earkir\u00ee ji hev serbixwe n\u00eenin; \u00e7avd\u00ear mudaxele dike \u00fb diyardeya ku ew \u00e7avd\u00ear dikin diguher\u00eene. Ev rast\u00ee di zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee de h\u00een e\u015fkeretir e. Zanyar nikare bi tevah\u00ee ji diyardeya civak\u00ee ya ku ew \u00e7avd\u00ear dikin were veqetandin. Her \u00e7avd\u00ear\u00ee \u015f\u00eerovekirinek e, her anal\u00eezek nirxandinek dihew\u00eene; ew bi qas\u00ee ku diguhere diguhere, \u00fb bi qas\u00ee ku diguhere diguhere.<\/p>\n

Ev rast\u00ee di heman dem\u00ea de \u00eediaya “objekt\u00eefb\u00fbn\u00ea” di zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee de dike pirsgir\u00eak. Objekt\u00eefb\u00fbna rast\u00een ne bi hilberandina zan\u00een\u00ea bi ten\u00ea ji d\u00eerok, \u00e7and, nirx \u00fb t\u00eakiliy\u00ean civak\u00ee y\u00ean xwe mimkun e, l\u00ea bi hilberandina zan\u00een\u00ea wek\u00ee mijarek ku ji van t\u00eakiliyan haydar e \u00fb hay ji wan heye. Ji bo zanyar\u00ea civak\u00ee ne mimk\u00fbn e ku \u00e7avd\u00earek ji nirx\u00ean xwe veqetand\u00ee be; Berevaj\u00ee v\u00ea, div\u00ea zanyar c\u00eehana xwe ya nirxan nas bike, bi zelal\u00ee anal\u00eez bike \u00fb bi hi\u015fmendiyek berpirsiyar zan\u00een\u00ea hilber\u00eene.<\/p>\n

Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, \u00e7avd\u00earek ku civak\u00ea l\u00eakol\u00een dike, b\u00ea guman nirxandin\u00ean xwe y\u00ean nirxan, \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya d\u00eerok\u00ee \u00fb kod\u00ean \u00e7and\u00ee t\u00eene v\u00ea p\u00eavajoy\u00ea. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, div\u00ea zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee dev ji \u00eediaya objekt\u00eev\u00eeteya mutleq berdin. Parad\u00eegmaya zanista civak\u00ee di v\u00ea nuqtey\u00ea de \u015fikestinek \u015fore\u015fger\u00ee diafir\u00eene. Objekt\u00eev\u00eete niha xwezayek diyalekt\u00eek, d\u00eenam\u00eek \u00fb veguher\u00eener digire. Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, objekt\u00eev\u00eete bi r\u00eaya al\u00eegiriyek exlaq\u00ee, siyas\u00ee \u00fb demokrat\u00eek wateyek bi dest dixe – bi gotinek din, helwestek li gor\u00ee jiyan, azad\u00ee \u00fb wekheviy\u00ea.<\/p>\n

F\u00eamkirina parad\u00eegmaya zanista civak\u00ee di afirandina guher\u00eenek \u00fb veguher\u00eenek mezin di t\u00eageha objekt\u00eev\u00eetey\u00ea de gir\u00eeng e. Di zanista klas\u00eek de, objekt\u00eev\u00eete c\u00fbdahiyek mutleq di navbera mijar \u00fb objekt\u00ea de saz dike, zan\u00een\u00ea wek\u00ee rastiyek dervey\u00ee, b\u00eaal\u00ee \u00fb neguh\u00earbar p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f dike. Ew rastiy\u00ea wek\u00ee ku li c\u00eehek li dervey\u00ee \u00fb serbixwe ji \u00e7avd\u00ear sab\u00eet dib\u00eene.<\/p>\n

Parad\u00eegmaya zanista civak\u00ee, objekt\u00eev\u00eete, n\u00eaz\u00eekatiya mijar\u00ea ya ji bo rastiy\u00ea di nav t\u00eakiliy\u00ean wan \u00ean bi jiyan\u00ea re ye, ku berpirsiyariya exlaq\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee hildigire. Objekt\u00eev\u00eeteya rast\u00een girtina tora t\u00eakiliy\u00ean piral\u00ee y\u00ean jiyan\u00ea \u00fb hilberandina zan\u00een\u00ea bi paqijkirina w\u00ea ji t\u00eakiliy\u00ean h\u00eaz\u00ea ye. Objekt\u00eev\u00eete ne b\u00eaal\u00eeb\u00fbna sar e, l\u00ea helwestek rast e ku berpirsiyar\u00ea azad\u00ee \u00fb watey\u00ea ye. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, objekt\u00eev\u00eete xwed\u00ee rastiyek e ku bi jiyan\u00ea ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye, berpirsiyar\u00ea azadiy\u00ea ye, \u00fb bi exlaq\u00ea ve dagirt\u00ee ye. Ew rastiy\u00ea bi r\u00eaya n\u00eaz\u00eekb\u00fbn\u00ea fam dike \u00fb fam dike, ne bi r\u00eaya dervekirin an \u00e7avd\u00eariy\u00ea, \u00fb bi r\u00eaya veguher\u00een \u00fb guhertina hevbe\u015f azad dibe.<\/p>\n

Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, armanca zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee ne ten\u00ea ravekirina diyardey\u00ean takekes\u00ee \u00fb civak\u00ee ye. Zanista civak\u00ee div\u00ea ji ravekirin\u00ea w\u00eadetir bi\u00e7e \u00fb bibe hewldanek ji bo zan\u00een \u00fb veguher\u00een\u00ea, p\u00ea\u015fxistina azadiy\u00ea \u00fb xurtkirina bingeh\u00ean exlaq\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee y\u00ean avahiya civak\u00ee. Zanista civak\u00ee div\u00ea avahiya exlaq\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee ya d\u00eerok\u00ee ya civak\u00ea xuya bike, hilwe\u015f\u00eena v\u00ea xwezay\u00ea, avakirina dewletek\u00ea, bilindb\u00fbna desthilatdariy\u00ea \u00fb z\u00eehniyeta serdest a m\u00earan rexne bike, \u00fb pi\u015ftgiriy\u00ea bide p\u00ea\u015fve\u00e7\u00fbna azadker a civak\u00ea, bi awayek\u00ee r\u00eaxistinkir\u00ee r\u00ea li ber bigire \u00fb bi v\u00ea guhertin\u00ea re bibe yek.<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ee war\u00ee de, zanista civak\u00ee ne ten\u00ea \u00e7alakiyek e ku ji h\u00eala tekn\u00eek\u00ee ve di navbera rast \u00fb xelet de cudah\u00ee dike; ew \u00e7alakiyek e ku ziman\u00ea veguher\u00eena xwezay\u00ea, nirx\u00ean ku civak\u00ea diafir\u00eenin \u00fb didom\u00eenin, prens\u00eeb\u00ean exlaq\u00ee \u00fb \u00eeradeya azadiy\u00ea di navenda hilber\u00eena zan\u00een\u00ea de dat\u00eene. Di v\u00ea watey\u00ea de, armanca zanista civak\u00ee ne ten\u00ea p\u00eanasekirina zan\u00een\u00ea ye, l\u00ea nirxandina w\u00ea bi awayek\u00ee ye ku xizmeta p\u00eavajoya avakirina civakek demokrat\u00eek di war\u00ea azad\u00ee, wekhev\u00ee \u00fb exlaq\u00ea de bike. Dilemay\u00ean ba\u015f \u00fb xirab, rast \u00fb xelet, ku Wallerstein nekar\u00ee \u00e7areser bike, dikarin ji v\u00ea perspekt\u00eef\u00ea j\u00ee werin derbaskirin. Wek\u00ee mijarek azad\u00ee \u00fb exlaq\u00ea di nav rastiya civak\u00ee de, zanyar di hilber\u00eena zan\u00een\u00ea de berpirsiyariya hem epistemoloj\u00eek \u00fb hem j\u00ee ontoloj\u00eek hildigire.<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, parad\u00eegmaya zanista civak\u00ee bi bingeh\u00een zan\u00een\u00ea diguher\u00eene. Dema ku zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee y\u00ean klas\u00eek zan\u00een\u00ea wek\u00ee daney\u00ean mutleq, objekt\u00eef \u00fb diyarker dib\u00eenin, parad\u00eegmaya zanista civak\u00ee li ser xwezaya nisb\u00ee \u00fb t\u00eakil\u00ee ya zan\u00een\u00ea disekine. Zan\u00een wek\u00ee p\u00eavajoyek kolekt\u00eef derdikeve hol\u00ea, di nav t\u00eakiliya di navbera \u00e7avd\u00ear \u00fb \u00e7avd\u00ear, \u00e7avd\u00ear \u00fb \u00e7avd\u00ear de. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, tu zan\u00een mutleq\u00ean objekt\u00eef hilnagire; hem\u00fb zan\u00een berhema formeke civak\u00ee ya d\u00eerok\u00ee, helwesteke exlaq\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee ye. Ji v\u00ea perspekt\u00eef\u00ea ve, parad\u00eegmaya zanista civak\u00ee, nisb\u00eetiya zan\u00een \u00fb raman\u00ea, ne ten\u00ea \u00eed\u00eeayeke epistemoloj\u00eek e, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de rastiyeke ontoloj\u00eek e j\u00ee. Jiyan bi xwe ne r\u00eak\u00fbp\u00eakiyeke mutleq an j\u00ee tevliheviyeke kaot\u00eek an b\u00easer\u00fbber\u00ee ye, l\u00ea potansiyeleke b\u00eadaw\u00ee ji bo r\u00eaxistin\u00ea ye. Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, zan\u00eena mirovan her tim netemam e, bi berdewam\u00ee di l\u00eager\u00eenek\u00ea de dime\u015fe. Ev rew\u015fa netemamb\u00fbn\u00ea yek ji d\u00eenam\u00eek\u00ean bingeh\u00een e ku mirovahiy\u00ea ber bi azad\u00ee, afir\u00eener\u00ee \u00fb avakirina watey\u00ean n\u00fb ve dibe.<\/p>\n

Par\u00eegmaya zanista civak\u00ee, ku ji s\u00eenorkirin\u00ean epistemoloj\u00eek \u00fb metodoloj\u00eek \u00ean t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftina klas\u00eek a zanista civak\u00ee derbas dibe, dih\u00eale ku em zan\u00een\u00ea wek\u00ee p\u00eavajoyek azadker fam bikin. Ev parad\u00eegma \u00eed\u00eea dike ku zan\u00eena zanist\u00ee div\u00ea veguher\u00eener be, ne ten\u00ea raveker be. Zanyar ne \u00e7avd\u00earek\u00ee pas\u00eef \u00ea rastiya civak\u00ee ye, l\u00ea di p\u00eavajoya azadkirina w\u00ea de mijarek \u00e7alak e.<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, kr\u00eeza bingeh\u00een a xwezaya civak\u00ee ne ten\u00ea bi ast\u00ean h\u00eaz an epistemoloj\u00eek ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye, l\u00ea bi astek pir k\u00fbrtir ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye, bi cemidandina dijberiya m\u00ear-jin, diyalekt\u00eeka bingeh\u00een a xwezay\u00ea ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye. Dema ku ev dijber\u00ee, ku di xwezay\u00ea de ti pirsgir\u00eakan dernaxe hol\u00ea, cemid\u00eene \u00fb li ser asta civak\u00ee veguhere hiyerar\u015fiyek\u00ea, hem\u00fb nakokiy\u00ean din wek\u00ee n\u00ee\u015faney\u00ean v\u00ea xirab\u00fbna bingeh\u00een derdikevin hol\u00ea. Milk, desthilatdar\u00ee, \u015fer, serdest\u00ee \u00fb tund\u00fbt\u00fbj\u00ee formasyon\u00ean kr\u00eez\u00ea y\u00ean v\u00ea dual\u00eeteya cemid\u00ee ne. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, erk\u00ea bingeh\u00een \u00ea zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee ew e ku v\u00ea dijberiya cemid\u00ee hilwe\u015f\u00eene, w\u00ea d\u00eesa \u015file \u00fb temamker bike, \u00fb li ser bingeha v\u00ea dual\u00eeteya heliyay\u00ee hevsengiya heb\u00fbn\u00ee ya civak\u00ea ji n\u00fb ve ava bike.<\/p>\n

Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de, armanca zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee hem t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftina civak\u00ea ye \u00fb hem j\u00ee be\u015fdarb\u00fbna ji n\u00fb ve avakirina w\u00ea li ser asta azadiya exlaq\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee ye. Hem\u00fb zan\u00eena ku ji bo v\u00ea armanc\u00ea hatiye p\u00ea\u015fxistin ne ten\u00ea rastiyan diyar dike, l\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de dibe h\u00eazek r\u00eaber ji bo zind\u00eekirina parad\u00eegmaya civakek dadperwer, azad, a\u015ft\u00eexwaz \u00fb demokrat\u00eek bi derbaskirina hem\u00fb z\u00eehniyet \u00fb avahiy\u00ean ku di bin newekheviy\u00ea de ne.<\/p>\n

J\u0130 BO BE\u015eA 1 B\u0130T\u0130K\u00ceNE<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Hakki TEK\u00ceN<\/strong><\/p>\n

Navenda L\u00eakol\u00een\u00ean Stratej\u00eek A Kurdistan\u00ea<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ZANIST\u00caN CIVAK\u00ce TEN\u00ca BI \u015e\u00ceROVEKIRINA “Y\u00ca HEY\u00ce” T\u00caR NAKIN Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee nikarin ten\u00ea bi ravekirina “Y\u00ea Hey\u00ee” raz\u00ee bibin. Ew di heman dem\u00ea de berpirsiyar\u00ea pirsyarkirin \u00fb avakirina “\u00e7i div\u00ea be” ne. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea, ti\u015ft\u00ea ku div\u00ea be ji nakokiy\u00ean exlaq\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee y\u00ean xwezay\u00ee y\u00ean xweza \u00fb civak\u00ea […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15497,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"format":"standard","jnews_video_option_group":[[]],"override":[{"template":"1","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"archive-right","second_sidebar":"archive-right","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"float","share_float_style":"share-normal","show_share_counter":"1","show_view_counter":"1","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","post_calculate_word_method":"str_word_count","show_zoom_button":"1","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"1","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"1","show_post_related":"1"}],"image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","disable_ad":"0","subtitle":"Zanist\u00ean civak\u00ee div\u00ea \u00ead\u00ee ne ten\u00ea wek e qadeke danas\u00eena b\u00fbyeran \u00fb r\u00eazkirina r\u00eajey\u00ean ceribandinan, wek\u00ee qadeke hi\u015fmendiy\u00ea ku potansiyela civak\u00ea ji bo gih\u00ee\u015ftina rastiy\u00ea, rizgariy\u00ea \u00fb xwe-f\u00eamkirin\u00ea e\u015fkere dike be. Div\u00ea r\u00eabaz r\u00eaberiya v\u00ea avakirin\u00ea, exlaq r\u00eaberiya w\u00ea bike, \u00fb rast\u00ee j\u00ee r\u00ea\u00e7a ku div\u00ea were gih\u00ee\u015ftin be."},"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":{"view_counter_number":"0","share_counter_number":"0","like_counter_number":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"jnews_post_split":{"post_split":[{"template":"1","tag":"h2","numbering":"asc","mode":"normal","first":"0","enable_toc":"0","toc_type":"normal"}]},"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,13],"tags":[4355,4354,3593,4356,4350],"class_list":["post-15496","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arastirmalar","category-dizi-yazi","tag-metodoloji","tag-pradigma","tag-reber-apo","tag-rejima-heqiqete","tag-zanista-civaki"],"acf":[],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15496","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15496"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15496\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15500,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15496\/revisions\/15500"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15497"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15496"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15496"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15496"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}