Pi\u015ft\u00ee banga R\u00eaber Apo ya di 27’\u00ea Sibata 2025’an de, p\u00eavajoya diyalog\u00ea ya ku konkret b\u00fbye, \u00e7alakiya \u015fewitandina \u00e7ekan a komek ger\u00eela, veki\u015f\u00eena ger\u00eela ji Bakur \u00fb hin her\u00eaman \u00fb damezrandina Kom\u00eesyona Mecl\u00ees\u00ea bi qonaxeke n\u00fb ve gih\u00ee\u015ftiye.<\/p>\n
Di p\u00eavajoyeke ku n\u00eeqa\u015f\u00ean li ser modela r\u00eaveberiy\u00ea ya ji bo \u00e7areseriyeke muhtemel li Kurdistan\u00ea z\u00eade b\u00fbne de, modela r\u00eaveberiya Sw\u00eesrey\u00ea bi aliy\u00ea xwe y\u00ea di\u015fibe Kurdistan\u00ea ve mijareke ku hewcey\u00ea l\u00eakol\u00een\u00ea ye.<\/p>\n
Sw\u00eesre \u00fb Kurdistan ji aliy\u00ea taybetmendiy\u00ean erdn\u00eegar\u00ee ve gelek di\u015fibin hev. Her du welat j\u00ee xwed\u00ee avahiyeke \u00e7iyay\u00ee ne, li yek\u00ea Alper li y\u00ea din Zagros wek\u00ee st\u00fbna her du erdn\u00eegariyan dir\u00eaj dibin. Her du welat j\u00ee b\u00eay\u00ee ku bi deryay\u00ea ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee bin, bi \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean ava \u015fir\u00een dewlemend in; Sw\u00eesre bi gol\u00ean xwe, Kurdistan bi Gola Wan\u00ea, Gola Urmiy\u00ea, D\u00eecle, Firat \u00fb \u00e7em\u00ean din.<\/p>\n
Hev\u015fibiy\u00ean avheway\u00ee y\u00ean her du welatan j\u00ee balk\u00ea\u015f in. L\u00ea bel\u00ea tev\u00ee van \u015fert\u00ean erdn\u00eegar\u00ee y\u00ean di\u015fibin hev, \u00e7aren\u00fbsa wan a d\u00eerok\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee gelek cuda b\u00fbye. Sw\u00eesre, bi garantiya s\u00eestema navnetewey\u00ee hatiye parastin; b\u00fbye welatek ku veberh\u00eanan l\u00ea z\u00eade dibin, ji \u00ear\u00ee\u015fan d\u00fbr t\u00ea girtin. Kurdistan j\u00ee ji ber dewlemendiy\u00ean xwe di d\u00eerok\u00ea de her tim bala mirovan ki\u015fandiye, b\u00fbye navenda \u00ear\u00ee\u015f \u00fb t\u00eako\u015f\u00een\u00ean parvekirin\u00ea.<\/p>\n
Sw\u00eesre xwed\u00ee avahiyeke federal e \u00fb bi mekan\u00eezmay\u00ean demokrasiya rasterast t\u00ea nas\u00een. Referandum \u00fb \u00eensiyat\u00eef\u00ean gel di navenda jiyana siyas\u00ee de ne.<\/p>\n
Parlemana Sw\u00eesrey\u00ea ji du meclisan p\u00eak t\u00ea:<\/p>\n
Enc\u00fbmena Netewey\u00ee: N\u00fbnertiya gel dike. Ji 200 parlamenteran p\u00eak t\u00ea \u00fb her \u00e7ar salan carek\u00ea bi s\u00eestema n\u00eesbet\u00ee t\u00ea hilbijartin. Hejmara parlamenteran li gor\u00ee nif\u00fbsa kantonan diguhere.<\/p>\n
Enc\u00fbmena Kantonan: N\u00fbnertiya kantonan dike \u00fb ji 46 endaman p\u00eak t\u00ea. Li piraniya kantonan bi s\u00eestema piraniy\u00ea t\u00ea hilbijartin. Ev her du meclis bi hev re Meclisa Federal p\u00eak t\u00eenin.<\/p>\n
Li Sw\u00eesrey\u00ea desthilata icray\u00ea ji Enc\u00fbmena Federal a ji heft kesan p\u00eak t\u00ea, p\u00eak t\u00ea. Li v\u00ea welat\u00ea serokek\u00ee bi h\u00eaz\u00ean bilind tune ye. Heft endam bi awayek\u00ee kolekt\u00eef dixebitin; her yek ji wan xwed\u00ee desthilat\u00ean wekhev in. Di nav endam\u00ean enc\u00fbmen\u00ea de her sal bi dor\u00ea kesek wek\u00ee “serok” t\u00ea hilbijartin. Ev erk ne h\u00eazeke serwer e; b\u00eatir poz\u00eesyoneke sembol\u00eek a “yekem di nav wekhevan de” ye. Serok, welat li derve tems\u00eel dike \u00fb civ\u00eenan bir\u00eave dibe.<\/p>\n
Endam\u00ean Enc\u00fbmena Federal ji aliy\u00ea Meclisa Federal ve t\u00eane hilbijartin. Ji bo ku h\u00eaz di dest\u00ea kesek\u00ee de kom nebe, desthilat bi awayek\u00ee hevseng t\u00ea belavkirin. Her endam berpirsiyar\u00ea qadek\u00ea ye: kar\u00ean derve, kar\u00ean hundir, parastin, daray\u00ee, abor\u00ee, veguhestin-enerj\u00ee-j\u00eengeh \u00fb hwd. Hem\u00fb biryar bi \u00eeradeya hevpar t\u00eane girtin.<\/p>\n
Sw\u00eesre ji 26 kantonan p\u00eak t\u00ea. Her kanton xwed\u00ee dest\u00fbra bingeh\u00een, parleman, icra \u00fb dadweriya xwe ye. Perwerde, tendurist\u00ee, ewleh\u00ee, dadwer\u00ee, bac \u00fb kar\u00fbbar\u00ean civak\u00ee bi giran\u00ee di dest\u00ea kantonan de ne. Dewleta federal \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea diyar dike; h\u00fbrgiliy\u00ean sepandin\u00ea kanton diyar dikin.<\/p>\n
\u015earedar\u00ee, saziy\u00ean ku gel her\u00ee rasterast be\u015fdar\u00ee r\u00eaveberiy\u00ea dibe ne. Gelek kar\u00fbbar\u00ean ku jiyana rojane t\u00ea de eleqedar dikin ji aliy\u00ea \u015faredariyan ve t\u00eane bir\u00eavebirin: qeyd\u00ean nif\u00fbs\u00ea, dibistan, r\u00eay\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee, binesaz\u00ee, kar\u00fbbar\u00ean j\u00eengeh\u00ea, al\u00eekariy\u00ean civak\u00ee \u00fb hwd. R\u00eaveberiy\u00ean \u015faredariyan ji aliy\u00ea gel ve t\u00eane hilbijartin. Li cih\u00ean bi\u00e7\u00fbk mecl\u00ees\u00ean gel, li cih\u00ean mezin parleman\u00ean \u015faredariyan hene.<\/p>\n
Ev avah\u00ee, li gor\u00ee hewcedariy\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee r\u00eaxistinkirin \u00fb zelaliy\u00ea xurt dike. Neb\u00fbna komkirina h\u00eaz\u00ea di dest\u00ea yek\u00ee de prens\u00eeba bingeh\u00een e.<\/p>\n
Art\u00ea\u015fa Sw\u00eesrey\u00ea di asta federal de t\u00ea r\u00eavebirin, l\u00ea s\u00eestema mil\u00ees esas t\u00ea girtin. Le\u015fkeriya mecb\u00fbr\u00ee ji bo m\u00earan derbasdar e; jin bi dil\u00ea xwe ne. Le\u015fker jiyana xwe ya siv\u00eel didom\u00eenin, di dem\u00ean diyarkir\u00ee de be\u015fdar\u00ee perwerde \u00fb tatb\u00eeqatan dibin. Di rew\u015f\u00ean karesat\u00ea de art\u00ea\u015f al\u00eekariy\u00ea dide desthilata siv\u00eel.<\/p>\n
Saziya pol\u00ees bi giran\u00ee gir\u00eaday\u00ee kantonan e. Her kanton xwed\u00ee pol\u00ees\u00ea xwe ye. Pol\u00ees\u00ea federal b\u00eatir bi teror\u00ea, s\u00fbc\u00ean r\u00eaxistinkir\u00ee \u00fb s\u00fbc\u00ean navnetewey\u00ee ve mij\u00fbl dibe. S\u00eestema dadweriy\u00ea s\u00ea ast\u00ee ye: dadgeh\u00ean kantonan, dadgeh\u00ean bilind \u00ean kantonan \u00fb Dadgeha Federal. Dadgeha Federal, erka \u00e7avd\u00eariya hiq\u00fbq\u00ee \u00fb hevsengiy\u00ea digire ser xwe.<\/p>\n
B\u00eaal\u00eeb\u00fbna Sw\u00eesrey\u00ea di Kongreya Viyanay\u00ea ya 1815’an de di asta navnetewey\u00ee de hatiye nas\u00een. Bi saya erdn\u00eegariya xwe ya \u00e7iyay\u00ee, avahiya parastin\u00ea ya xurt \u00fb pol\u00eet\u00eekaya b\u00eaal\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea, ji \u015fer\u00ean mezin d\u00fbr maye. Ev rew\u015f Sw\u00eesrey\u00ea kiriye navendeke bazirganiy\u00ea, d\u00eeplomasiy\u00ea \u00fb darayiy\u00ea ya ewle.<\/p>\n
S\u00eestema banking\u00ea ya xurt, garantiya hiq\u00fbq\u00ee, \u00eest\u00eeqrara siyas\u00ee \u00fb asta mudaxeleya k\u00eam sermaye ki\u015fandiye. L\u00ea ev rew\u015f, eleqey\u00ean ku t\u00ea de el\u00eet di p\u00eavajoy\u00ean biryardan\u00ea de bi bandor in j\u00ee bi xwe re aniye. Referandum \u00fb mekan\u00eezmay\u00ean demokrasiya rasterast hewl didin v\u00ea bandor\u00ea hevseng bikin j\u00ee, giraniya t\u00eakiliy\u00ean el\u00eet-sermaye li ser siyaset\u00ea t\u00ea n\u00eeqa\u015fkirin.<\/p>\n
Li Sw\u00eesrey\u00ea \u00e7ar ziman\u00ean ferm\u00ee hene: Elman\u00ee, Frans\u00ee, \u00cetal\u00ee \u00fb Roman\u015f\u00ee. Her kanton ziman\u00ea xwe y\u00ea ferm\u00ee diyar dike. Hem\u00fb belgey\u00ean hiq\u00fbq\u00ee bi \u00e7ar zimanan t\u00eane amadekirin. Ev rew\u015f buha \u00fb zehmet e j\u00ee, pirziman\u00ee b\u00fbye h\u00eamana bingeh\u00een a \u00e7anda jiyana bi hev re.<\/p>\n
Kom\u00ean ol \u00fb baweriy\u00ean cuda j\u00ee ji demeke dir\u00eaj ve bi hev re dij\u00een. Di d\u00eerok\u00ea de pev\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ean mezin \u00ean hundir\u00een \u00e7\u00eaneb\u00fbne, pirsgir\u00eak bi gelemper\u00ee bi lihevkirin\u00ea hatine \u00e7areserkirin.<\/p>\n
Modela Sw\u00eesrey\u00ea, ji aliy\u00ea federal\u00eezm, otonomiya her\u00eam\u00ee \u00fb demokrasiya rasterast ve m\u00eenakeke gir\u00eeng e. L\u00ea ev model, wek\u00ee demokrasiyeke l\u00eeberal a di nav s\u00eestema kap\u00eetal\u00eest de hatiye \u015fekilkirin t\u00ea rexnekirin. Di p\u00eavajoy\u00ean biryardan\u00ea de azadiy\u00ean kesane p\u00ea\u015f dikevin; l\u00ea veguher\u00eena civak\u00ee s\u00eenordar dim\u00eene.<\/p>\n
Li Sw\u00eesrey\u00ea t\u00eagihi\u015ftina azadiya kesane, di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya l\u00eeberal\u00eezm\u00ea de hatiye \u015fekilkirin. L\u00eeberal\u00eezm kes\u00ea dixe navend\u00ea; l\u00ea ji bo p\u00ea\u015fve\u00e7\u00fbna alternat\u00eef\u00ean civak\u00ee qada s\u00eenordar dide. Ev rew\u015f cudatiya zihniyet\u00ea derdixe p\u00ea\u015f.<\/p>\n
Li Sw\u00eesrey\u00ea kes bi giran\u00ee dibin par\u00e7eyeke mekan\u00eezmaya dewlet\u00ea; l\u00ea ya esas redkirina \u00eeqt\u00eedar\u00ea \u00fb pejirandina veguher\u00eena exlaq\u00ee-civak\u00ee wek\u00ee nirxeke navend\u00ee ye.<\/p>\n
Azadb\u00fbna kes\u00ea, ten\u00ea bi avakirina civakeke azad \u00fb jiyana ekoloj\u00eek ve mumkun e. Rastiya R\u00eabertiy\u00ea ev veguher\u00een p\u00ea\u015f\u00ee di prat\u00eeka xwe de dest p\u00ea kiriye, pa\u015f\u00ea biriye asta civak\u00ee. P\u00ea\u015fve\u00e7\u00fbn bi afirandina aql\u00ea hevpar ve p\u00ea\u015f dikeve; civak roleke p\u00ea\u015feng digire ser xwe. Kurd, Ereb, Ermen\u00ee, \u00caz\u00eed\u00ee, Suryan\u00ee, Tirkmen \u00fb Tirk di nav de hem\u00fb gel\u00ean Rojhilata Nav\u00een; zim\u00ean xwe, \u00e7anda xwe, maf\u00ean perwerdey\u00ea \u00fb statuya xwe dipar\u00eazin \u00fb bi awayek\u00ee hevpar be\u015fdar\u00ee p\u00eavajoy\u00ean biryardan\u00ea dibin.<\/p>\n
Li hember\u00ee v\u00ea, parad\u00eegmaya azadiya Kurd; dewleta navend\u00ee, t\u00eagihi\u015ftina neteweya yekal\u00ee \u00fb komkirina \u00eeqt\u00eedar\u00ea rexne dike. Modela konfederal\u00eezma demokrat\u00eek, s\u00eestemeke ku ji her\u00eam\u00ea ber bi navend\u00ea ve t\u00ea r\u00eaxistinkirin, li ser bingeh\u00ea mecl\u00ees\u00ean gel \u00fb kom\u00fbnan kar dike, dipar\u00eaze. Armanc ne xurtkirina \u00eeqt\u00eedar\u00ea, l\u00ea xurtkirina civak\u00ea ye.<\/p>\n
Tev\u00ee hev\u015fibiy\u00ean erdn\u00eegar\u00ee \u00fb avheway\u00ee, rew\u015fa Kurdistan\u00ea bi rastiya xwe ya d\u00eerok\u00ee, b\u00eera civak\u00ee \u00fb avahiya xwe ya di \u00e7ar par\u00e7eyan de hatiye parvekirin cuda ye. Li hember\u00ee n\u00eaz\u00eekatiy\u00ean \u00eenkarker \u00ean li ser qedexekirina ziman \u00fb \u00e7and\u00ea, t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena ku di p\u00eanc\u00ee sal\u00ean daw\u00ee de hatiye me\u015fandin; civak\u00ea ji aliy\u00ea zihn\u00ee, \u00e7and\u00ee \u00fb giyan\u00ee ve veguherandiye, gihandiye qonaxa qeb\u00fblkirina heb\u00fbna xwe. \u00cero ev t\u00eako\u015f\u00een li Rojhilata Nav\u00een b\u00fbye h\u00eazeke p\u00ea\u015feng; ronahiy\u00ea dide her\u00eam\u00ea, veguher\u00eena civak\u00ee \u00fb p\u00eavajoy\u00ean azadb\u00fbn\u00ea bir\u00eave dibe.<\/p>\n
Civaka Rojhilata Nav\u00een xwed\u00ee karaktere civak\u00ee ye; wijdan, jiyana exlaq\u00ee \u00fb hevgirtin nirx\u00ean bingeh\u00een \u00ean v\u00ea erdn\u00eegariy\u00ea ne. Ev parad\u00eegm, wek\u00ee modela civak\u00ee ya her\u00ee guncaw ji bo Rojhilata Nav\u00een, Kurdan \u00fb mirovahiy\u00ea derdikeve p\u00ea\u015f. Ev s\u00eestem ku li ser wijdana gel p\u00ea\u015f dikeve, hevsengiya gund-bajar dipar\u00eaze, bi xwezay\u00ea re li hev e \u00fb t\u00eakiliy\u00ea esas digire, projeyeke alternat\u00eef e. Bi t\u00eagihi\u015ftina r\u00eaveberiya hevpar, hilber\u00eena hevpar \u00fb vexwarina hevpar, jiyana kolekt\u00eef t\u00ea esas girtin. Ev dem, qonaxeke ku azadiya civak\u00ee t\u00ea avakirin, ne ya kesane, \u00eefade dike.<\/p>\n
Ev n\u00eaz\u00eekat\u00ee; cih\u00earengiya etn\u00eek\u00ee, ol\u00ee \u00fb \u00e7and\u00ee wek\u00ee dewlemendiyek\u00ea dib\u00eene. Azadiya jin\u00ea, ekoloj\u00ee \u00fb hevgirtina civak\u00ee di nav prens\u00eeb\u00ean bingeh\u00een de ne. Bi modela Sw\u00eesrey\u00ea re hev\u015fib\u00ee li qad\u00ean r\u00eaveberiya her\u00eam\u00ee \u00fb pirziman\u00ee de t\u00ea d\u00eetin j\u00ee, cudatiya bingeh\u00een di zihniyet\u00ea de ye. Yek di nav dewleta l\u00eeberal de azadiy\u00ean kesane esas digire; ya din j\u00ee azadiyeke b\u00eadewlet, civak\u00ee \u00fb kolekt\u00eef dipar\u00eaze.<\/p>\n
Di encam\u00ea de;<\/strong><\/p>\n Sw\u00eesre, bi avantaj\u00ean ku \u015fert\u00ean erdn\u00eegar\u00ee \u00fb d\u00eerok\u00ee dane, demokrasiyeke federal a \u00eest\u00eeqrar p\u00eak aniye. Kurdistan j\u00ee tev\u00ee par\u00e7ekirina xwe \u00fb pol\u00eet\u00eekay\u00ean \u00eenkar\u00ea, di hewldana p\u00ea\u015fxistina modela demokrat\u00eek a alternat\u00eef de ye. Her du tecrubey\u00ean han\u00ea, ji aliy\u00ea xurtkirina r\u00eaveberiy\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee, pirziman\u00ee \u00fb lihevkirina civak\u00ee ve ders\u00ean gir\u00eeng dihew\u00eenin.<\/p>\n