He\u015ft sal derbas b\u00fbn di 20\u2019\u00ea \u00c7ileya 2018\u2019an de ji aliy\u00ea dewleta Tirkiy\u00ea \u00fb kom\u00ean mil\u00ees \u00ean Art\u00ea\u015fa Netewey\u00ee ya S\u00fbriy\u00ea (SMO) ve ku ji aliy\u00ea w\u00ea ve t\u00eane pi\u015ftgir\u00eekirin, Efr\u00een dagir kirin. Ev serdem tij\u00ee s\u00fbc\u00ean \u015fer \u00ean giran e ku ji aliy\u00ea r\u00eaxistin\u00ean maf\u00ean mirovan \u00ean navnetewey\u00ee ve hatine belgekirin. Tevahiya her\u00eam\u00ea bi s\u00fbc\u00ean \u015fer, ko\u00e7beriya s\u00eestemat\u00eek, guhertin\u00ean demograf\u00eek (B\u00ea Kurd hi\u015ftin), talankirina milk \u00fb zext\u00ea re r\u00fb bi r\u00fb maye. Tev\u00ee v\u00ea yek\u00ea, di Adara 2026an de cara yekem di bin r\u00eakeftinek di navbera Hik\u00fbmeta Demk\u00ee ya S\u00fbriy\u00ea \u00fb R\u00eaveberiya Xweser a Bakur \u00fb Rojhilat\u00ea S\u00fbriy\u00ea de vegera s\u00eenordar \u00e7\u00eab\u00fb: bi qas\u00ee 400 malbat (bi tevah\u00ee n\u00eaz\u00eek\u00ee 3,000 kes) ji Heseke, Qam\u00ee\u015flo \u00fb D\u00earik\u00ea vegeriyan Efr\u00een. Her \u00e7end v\u00ea veger\u00ea beriya Cejna Nevroz\u00ea h\u00eaviyek hesas ji bo gel\u00ea Efr\u00een \u00e7\u00eakir j\u00ee, piraniya malan hatin talankirin, w\u00earankirin, an j\u00ee dagirkirin ji aliy\u00ea malbat\u00ean \u00e7eteyan ve hatiye d\u00eetin.<\/p>\n
PA\u015eXANEYA D\u00ceROK\u00ce \u00db P\u00caVAJOYA DAGIRKIRIN\u00ca<\/strong><\/p>\n Ji sala 2012an \u00fb p\u00ea ve, Efr\u00een, di bin kontrola YPG\/QSD\u00ea de, her\u00eameke bi piran\u00ee Kurd b\u00fb (n\u00eaz\u00eek\u00ee %90) bi nif\u00fbsa n\u00eaz\u00eek\u00ee 200 hezar kes\u00ee. Di 20\u00ea \u00c7ileya 2018an de, saet 16:00\u00ea pi\u015ft\u00ee n\u00eevro, dewleta dagirker a Tirkiyey\u00ea \u00fb \u00e7etey\u00ean w\u00ea bi 72 (\u00e7avkaniy\u00ean me y\u00ean p\u00eabawer diyar kirin ku 102 balafir\u00ean \u015fer heb\u00fbn) \u00ear\u00ee\u015fek li ser qadeke 3,850 k\u00eelometre\u00e7argo\u015fey\u00ee ya li ser Efr\u00eena dest p\u00ea kirin, b\u00eay\u00ee ku p\u00eevan\u00ean mirov\u00ee \u00fb exlaq\u00ee y\u00ean navnetewey\u00ee li ber \u00e7avan bigirin.<\/p>\n Bi destp\u00eakirina \u00ear\u00ee\u015f\u00ean dagirkeriy\u00ea re, dewleta Tirkiyey\u00ea \u00fb mil\u00ees\u00ean w\u00ea li gund, bajarok, nav\u00e7e \u00fb bajar\u00ean Efr\u00een bi dehan siv\u00eel qetil kirin. Li gor\u00ee daney\u00ean R\u00eaveberiya Tenduristiy\u00ea ya Efr\u00eena, di 58 roj\u00ean berxwedan\u00ea de hejmara \u015feh\u00eedan 257 b\u00fb. Ji van 45 zarok \u00fb 176 jin b\u00fbn. Her wiha 742 kes bir\u00eendar b\u00fbn. Ji bir\u00eendaran 113 zarok, 113 jin \u00fb 516 m\u00ear b\u00fbn.<\/p>\n Bi \u00ear\u00ee\u015f\u00ean dagirkeriy\u00ea y\u00ean ku di 20\u00ea \u00c7ileya 2018an de dest p\u00ea kirin, Tirkiye \u00fb kom\u00ean SMO (Sultan Murad, L\u00eewaya Hemze, Suleyman \u015eah \u00fb hwd.) her\u00eam dagir kirin. Ji ber bombebaran \u00fb pev\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ean dijwar z\u00eadetir\u00ee 300 hezar siv\u00eel\u00ean Kurd ko\u00e7ber b\u00fbn.<\/p>\n Piraniya wan \u00e7\u00fbn \u015eahba, Tel Rifat \u00fb Hesek\u00ea. Pi\u015ft\u00ee dagirkirin\u00ea, her\u00eam ket bin kontrola hevbe\u015f a H\u00eaz\u00ean \u00c7ekdar \u00ean Tirkiy\u00ea \u00fb SMO. Tirkiyey\u00ea bi r\u00eaya Wal\u00eetiya Hatay\u00ea, di aliy\u00ea \u00eedar\u00ee (perwerde, tendurist\u00ee) ve hat gir\u00eadan \u00fb z\u00eadetir\u00ee 100 baregeh\u00ean dagirkeriy\u00ea hatin avakirin. Ev model di sala 2019an de heta Ser\u00eakaniy\u00ea \u00fb Gir\u00ea Sp\u00ee hate berfireh kirin, l\u00ea Efr\u00een b\u00fb cih\u00ea ku binp\u00eakirin\u00ean her\u00ee dijwar l\u00ea \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbn.<\/p>\n TAWAN\u00caN \u015eER \u00db BINP\u00caKIRINA MAF\u00caN MIROVAN<\/strong><\/p>\n Rapor\u00ean navnetewey\u00ee (raporta Human Rights Watch a 2024an a bi nav\u00ea “Her ti\u015ft bi H\u00eaza \u00c7ek\u00ea ye”, Kom\u00eesyona L\u00eapirs\u00eena Serbixwe ya Netewey\u00ean Yekb\u00fby\u00ee ya li ser S\u00fbriyey\u00ea, Navenda Agirbest\u00ea) binp\u00eakirin\u00ean s\u00eestemat\u00eek ji aliy\u00ea kom\u00ean SMO \u00fb h\u00eaz\u00ean Tirk ve (bi taybet\u00ee bi r\u00eaya ajansa \u00eest\u00eexbarata Tirk) belge kirin. Girtin\u00ean keyf\u00ee, \u00ee\u015fkence, \u015f\u00eedeta cins\u00ee \u00fb ku\u015ftin\u00ean b\u00ea daraz di dem\u00ean daw\u00ee de pir z\u00eade b\u00fbn. Siv\u00eel\u00ean Kurd b\u00fbn hedef (li ser bingeha gir\u00eadana \u00eediakir\u00ee ya bi QSD re); girt\u00ee ji hefteyan heta bi salan di tecr\u00eed\u00ea de hatin girtin. R\u00eabaz\u00ean \u00ee\u015fkencey\u00ea l\u00eadan bi kabloyan, \u015fok\u00ean elektr\u00eek\u00ea, ki\u015fandina neyn\u00fbk\/diranan \u00fb bikaran\u00eena bi ava \u015fid di nav xwe de digirt. B\u00fbyer\u00ean tecawiz, tac\u00eez \u00fb w\u00eanek\u00ea\u015fan\u00ea, bi taybet\u00ee hedefgirtina jin\u00ean Kurd, hatin ragihandin. HRW diyar kir ku van binp\u00eakirinan pergalek ku “bi h\u00eaza \u00e7ekan” t\u00ea kontrolkirin afirandine; daxwaz\u00ean f\u00eedye ji 100 dolar\u00ee heta 30 hezar dolar\u00ee diguherin. Netewey\u00ean Yekb\u00fby\u00ee pi\u015ftrast kir ku binp\u00eakirin “s\u00eestemat\u00eek” b\u00fbn. B\u00eacezat\u00ee serdest b\u00fb; y\u00ean ku gil\u00ee dikirin rast\u00ee tolhildan\u00ea hatin.<\/p>\n KO\u00c7BER\u00ce \u00db GUHERTIN\u00caN DEMOGRAF\u00ceK (B\u00ca KURDB\u00dbN)<\/strong><\/p>\n Yek ji encam\u00ean her\u00ee may\u00eende y\u00ean dagirkirin\u00ea demograf\u00eeka coxraf\u00ee b\u00fb. Di sala 2018an de, ji n\u00eev\u00ea z\u00eadetir nif\u00fbs\u00ea (z\u00eadetir\u00ee 300 hezar Kurd) ko\u00e7ber b\u00fbn. Malbat\u00ean Ereb \u00fb Tirkmen\u00ean Sunn\u00ee (bi tevah\u00ee z\u00eadetir\u00ee 285,000 kes) ku ji Gutaya Rojhilat, Hama \u00fb \u00cedlib\u00ea an\u00een li mal\u00ean Kurdan hatin bicihkirin. R\u00eajeya nif\u00fbsa Kurdan ji sed\u00ee 90 z\u00eadetir daket sed\u00ee 25-30; hin rapor destn\u00ee\u015fan dikin ku ev r\u00eaje di dem\u00ean daw\u00ee de gih\u00ee\u015ftiye sed\u00ee 45, l\u00ea ev j\u00ee nikare guhertina da\u00eem\u00ee ve\u015f\u00eare. Nav\u00ean gundan hatin guhertin, saziy\u00ean Kurd\u00ee hatin hilwe\u015fandin \u00fb bax\u00e7ey\u00ean zeyt\u00fbnan hatin w\u00earankirin. Raport\u00ean navnetewey\u00ee v\u00ea yek\u00ea wek\u00ee “paqijkirina etn\u00eek\u00ee” \u00fb “endezyariya demograf\u00eek” bi nav kirine; ew wek\u00ee “s\u00fbcek li dij\u00ee mirovahiy\u00ea” \u00fb “s\u00fbcek \u015fer” hatiye hesibandin, her \u00e7end biryarek qan\u00fbn\u00ee ya qirkirin\u00ea h\u00een di dadgeh\u00ean navnetewey\u00ee de nehatiye pi\u015ftrast kirin. Armanc ew b\u00fb ku heb\u00fbna Kurdan bi domdar\u00ee qels bibe \u00fb qir bike.<\/p>\n TALAN, ZILM \u00db BINP\u00caKIRINA MILK\u00ca YA S\u00ceSTEM\u00ceK<\/strong><\/p>\n Dagirkeriya dewleta Tirk \u00fb \u00e7etey\u00ean w\u00ea bi ku\u015ftina mirovan ve s\u00eenordar neb\u00fb. Pi\u015ft\u00ee dagirkirin\u00ea, xan\u00ee, dikan \u00fb bax\u00e7ey\u00ean zeyt\u00fbnan hatin talankirin; der\u00ee, kablo \u00fb kel\u00fbpel hatin rakirin; berhema zeyt\u00fbnan bi qa\u00e7ax\u00ee derbas\u00ee Tirkiyey\u00ea hatin kirin \u00fb ji welat\u00ean Ewrop\u00ee re hatin firotin. Kom\u00ean SMO xan\u00ee wek\u00ee baregeh an j\u00ee ni\u015ftecih bi kar an\u00een, kir\u00ea dan wan, an j\u00ee firotin. Z\u00eadetir\u00ee 3 hezar \u00fb 750 doz\u00ean milk\u00ea h\u00een j\u00ee li benda \u00e7aresernekir\u00ea ne. “Baca parastin\u00ea”, f\u00eedye \u00fb \u00e7ewsandin belav b\u00fbn. Kes\u00ean ku vegeriyan rast\u00ee gefan hatin.<\/p>\n \u00c7avkaniy\u00ean xwezay\u00ee y\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ea j\u00ee hatin talankirin. Di s\u00ea salan de, z\u00eadetir\u00ee 314 hezar 400 dar hatin bir\u00een \u00fb firotin. Wek\u00ee din, z\u00eadetir\u00ee 11 hezar dar\u00ean zeyt\u00fbn \u00fb y\u00ean din hatin \u015fewitandin. Wek\u00ee din, 11 hezar donim erd\u00ea \u00e7andiniy\u00ea bi \u015fewat\u00ea w\u00earan b\u00fb. \u00cero, talankirina \u00e7avkaniy\u00ean xwezay\u00ee y\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ea b\u00eanavber berdewam dike. Zeyt\u00fbn \u00fb r\u00fbn\u00ea zeyt\u00fbn\u00ea y\u00ean ji Efr\u00een t\u00ean diz\u00een \u00fb li s\u00fbkan t\u00eane firotin wek\u00ee ku li Tirkiyey\u00ea hatibin hilberandin dan n\u00ee\u015fandan. Ber\u00ee dagirkirina Tirkiyey\u00ea, li Efr\u00een 200 kargeh\u00ean hilberandina zeyt\u00fbnan heb\u00fbn. Van kargehan salane 200 hezar ton zeyt\u00fbn, bi bihay\u00ea 500 milyon dolar\u00ee, hildiberandin. Her wiha, her sal 50 hezar ton zeyt\u00fbn dihatin hinardekirin. Ber\u00ee dagirkirina Efr\u00een, salane bi qas\u00ee 30 hezar ton tekst\u00eel dihat hilberandin, bi bihay\u00ea 100 milyon dolar\u00ee. Her wiha bi qas\u00ee 517 kargeh \u00fb atolye di hilber\u00eena tekst\u00eel\u00ea de cih digirtin. Heta \u00eero, dewleta Tirk salane ji berhem\u00ean zeyt\u00fbn \u00fb tekst\u00eel\u00ea y\u00ean Efr\u00een 537.6 milyon dolar qezenc dike.<\/p>\n W\u00earankirina \u00e7and\u00ee j\u00ee giran b\u00fb: Perestgeh \u00fb gor\u00ean \u00caz\u00eediyan hatin w\u00earankirin \u00fb cih\u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ee hatin xirakirin.<\/p>\n Di dema \u00ear\u00ee\u015fan de, ji 318 dibistanan 68 bi tevah\u00ee hatin w\u00earankirin. Dibistan\u00ean may\u00ee zirareke giran d\u00eetin. Di 29\u00ea \u00c7ile de, her\u00eama d\u00eerok\u00ee ya li Eyn Daray\u00ea bi tevah\u00ee hate hilwe\u015fandin. Wek\u00ee din, s\u00ea navend\u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ee y\u00ean di l\u00eesteya parastina navnetewey\u00ee de hatin w\u00earankirin.<\/p>\n Dewleta Tirk \u00fb \u00e7etey\u00ean w\u00ea hem di dema \u00ear\u00ee\u015f\u00ean dagirkeriy\u00ea de \u00fb hem j\u00ee pi\u015ft\u00ee w\u00ea s\u00fbc\u00ean li dij\u00ee mirovahiy\u00ea kirin. Gelek cih\u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ee \u00fb arkeoloj\u00eek hatin talankirin \u00fb w\u00earankirin. Li gor\u00ee R\u00eaveberiya Arkeolojiy\u00ea ya Efr\u00een, li her\u00eam\u00ea bi qas\u00ee 65 cih\u00ean kevnar heb\u00fbn. Piraniya van cihan bi kolandinan hatin w\u00earankirin \u00fb hem\u00ee bermahiy\u00ean wan hatin talankirin \u00fb diz\u00een.<\/p>\n Wek\u00ee din, z\u00eadetir\u00ee 28 cih\u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ee \u00fb z\u00eadetir\u00ee 15 goristan\u00ean ol\u00ee \u00fb mezheb\u00ee b\u00easer\u00fbber hatin w\u00earankirin. Gelek goristan \u00fb cih\u00ean p\u00eeroz hatin hilwe\u015fandin \u00fb veguhertin qad\u00ean avakirin\u00ea.<\/p>\n HRW tekez kir ku piraniya qurbaniyan nekar\u00een milk\u00ean xwe veger\u00eenin \u00fb gil\u00ee b\u00fbn sedema tolhildan\u00ea. Dewlet\u00ean Yekb\u00fby\u00ee y\u00ean Amer\u00eekay\u00ea di sala 2023an de li ser hin kom\u00ean SMO cezayan ferz kir; Li Almanyay\u00ea l\u00eapirs\u00eena derbar\u00ea w\u00ee de dest p\u00ea kir.<\/p>\n ENKS HEVKARIY\u00ca JI QIRKIRINA KURDAN RE KIR\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n Ji sala 2011an \u00fb p\u00ea ve, ENKS bi hevkariya \u00e7etey\u00ean Koal\u00eesyona Netewey\u00ee ya S\u00fbriyey\u00ea (KNS) y\u00ean di bin kontrola dewleta Tirkiyey\u00ea de tevdigere. Di sala 2013an de, bi ferm\u00ee tevl\u00ee \u00e7etey\u00ean Koal\u00eesyona Netewey\u00ee ya S\u00fbriyey\u00ea y\u00ean di bin kontrola Tirkiyey\u00ea de b\u00fb. Di \u00ear\u00ee\u015f\u00ean yekem \u00ean li ser tax\u00ean Kurdan \u00ean E\u015frefiye \u00fb \u015e\u00eax Meqs\u00fbd \u00ean Heleb\u00ea di sala 2012an de, kom\u00ean \u00e7ete y\u00ean gir\u00eaday\u00ee ENKS\u00ea, wek\u00ee Azad\u00ee \u00fb Selahed\u00een, ligel kom\u00ean \u00e7etey\u00ean Ereb be\u015fdar b\u00fbn. Bi heman away\u00ee, di \u00ear\u00ee\u015f\u00ean dagirkeriy\u00ea y\u00ean dewleta dagirker a Tirkiyey\u00ea \u00fb \u00e7etey\u00ean w\u00ea y\u00ean li ser Efr\u00een di sala 2018an de, ENKS ya di bin kontrola KDP-Parastin de bi awayek\u00ee \u00e7alak be\u015fdar b\u00fb. \u015ee\u015f kom\u00ean \u00e7ete y\u00ean gir\u00eaday\u00ee ENKS\u00ea bi ferm\u00ee di nav \u00e7etey\u00ean KNS\u00ea de bi nav\u00ea “T\u00fbgaya Semerkand\u00ea” be\u015fdar\u00ee operasyona dagirkirina Efr\u00een b\u00fbn. Rayedar\u00ean ENKS\u00ea pa\u015f\u00ea bi e\u015fkerey\u00ee diyar kirin ku \u00e7ar ji kom\u00ean wan \u00ean \u00e7ekdar li Efr\u00een li dij\u00ee YPG-YPJ\u00ea \u015fer kirine. PDK \u00fb ENKS, ku be\u015fdar\u00ee komkujiya f\u00eez\u00eek\u00ee ya li ser gel\u00ea Kurd \u00fb zarok\u00ean w\u00ea b\u00fbn, pi\u015ft\u00ee erdheja 2023an di bin nav\u00ea Weqfa Al\u00eekariy\u00ea ya Barzaniyan de ketin Efr\u00eena ku di bin dagirkeriya Tirkiye \u00fb \u00e7etey\u00ean w\u00ea de ye \u00fb tevl\u00ee pol\u00eet\u00eekay\u00ean qirkirina siyas\u00ee \u00fb civak\u00ee y\u00ean li dij\u00ee gel\u00ea Kurd b\u00fbn. Tev\u00ee gav\u00ean ku di sala 2025an de ji bo yek\u00eetiya Kurdan hatine av\u00eatin j\u00ee, hin be\u015f \u00fb kes di nav ENKS\u00ea de gelek \u00e7alakiy\u00ean ku yek\u00eetiya gel\u00ea Kurd xera dikin didom\u00eenin.<\/p>\n REW\u015eA NIHA \u00db VEGERA 400 MALBATAN<\/strong><\/p>\n Binp\u00eakirin di navbera sal\u00ean 2023 \u00fb 2025an de berdewam kirin; girtin, desteserkirin \u00fb darvekirin berdewam kirin. Peymana 29\u00ea \u00c7ileya 2026an a di navbera Hik\u00fbmeta Demk\u00ee ya S\u00fbriy\u00ea \u00fb R\u00eaveberiya Xweser a pi\u015ft\u00ee Esed de vegera s\u00eenorkir\u00ee gengaz kir. Di 9\u00ea Adara 2026an de, karwana yekem (400 malbat ji dever\u00ean wek\u00ee Mabata, \u015eiy\u00ea, Cindires\u00ea, hwd.) ji Hesek\u00ea derket \u00fb di 10\u00ea Adar\u00ea de gih\u00ee\u015fte Efr\u00een. P\u00eerozbah\u00ee p\u00eak hatin, l\u00ea gelek mal w\u00earan, talankir\u00ee, an dagirkir\u00ee b\u00fbn; tap\u00fby\u00ean milk\u00ea hatib\u00fbn diz\u00een, ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea ji n\u00fb ve avakirin ne mumkin b\u00fb. Wek\u00ee ku p\u00ea\u015fketin\u00ean daw\u00ee n\u00ee\u015fan didin, kr\u00eeza ewleh\u00ee \u00fb xan\u00ee berdewam dike; vegera koma duyem\u00een (200 malbat) hate taloqkirin. Her \u00e7end ev vegera yekem a girsey\u00ee di 8 salan de b\u00fb j\u00ee, piraniya malbatan h\u00een j\u00ee ji ber tirs\u00ea dudil in ku vegerin.<\/p>\n