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K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da de\u011fi\u015fik y\u00fckseklik ve \u015fekillerde arazilerin \u00a0<\/p>\n G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ge\u00e7erli bilgilere g\u00f6re yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde mevcut 300.000 \u00a0<\/p>\n K\u00fcrdistan flora (bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc) y\u00f6n\u00fcnden kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir \u00a0<\/p>\n Van G\u00f6l\u00fc’ndeki 4 adada yap\u0131lan incelemeler sonucunda 190 \u00a0<\/p>\n Urfa’da bitkiler \u00fczerine son on y\u0131lda yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda \u00a0<\/p>\n Yine Halfeti\u2019de g\u00f6r\u00fclen mikroklima iklimi sayesinde b\u00f6lgede \u00a0<\/p>\n Sems\u00fbr\u2019da Sems\u00fbr lalesi (F\u0131r\u0131t\u0131llaria Persica), A\u011flayan \u00a0<\/p>\n Siirt\u2019te orman arazileri, a\u00e7\u0131k otlaklar ve meralar flora \u00a0<\/p>\n 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l \u2018Diyarbekir salnameleri\u2019nde, \u2018g\u00fclistanlar tesis \u00a0<\/p>\n Bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7ok zengin olan Munzur Vadisi Milli \u00a0<\/p>\n Kars\u2019ta bitki \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi olduk\u00e7a fazlad\u0131r. \u0130lkbaharda kar\u0131n \u00a0<\/p>\n Elaz\u0131\u011f\u2019da \u00e7e\u015fitli t\u00fcrlerde bu\u011fdaygil ve baklagil, yem \u00a0<\/p>\n Bitlis yine flora ve fauna bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengindir. \u00dc\u00e7g\u00fcl ve \u00a0<\/p>\n Malatya\u2019da me\u015fe, ahlat (yabanarmudu), al\u0131\u00e7, kara \u00e7al\u0131, \u00a0<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n Pelin Dicle<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n K\u00fcrdistan www.lekolin.org \u00a0<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n \t<\/p>\n
\nbulunmas\u0131, do\u011fal bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn zengin olmas\u0131n\u0131 beraberinde getirmi\u015ftir. Fakat
\nme\u015fe (mazi, palamut), \u00e7\u0131nar, s\u00f6\u011f\u00fct, kavak, al\u0131\u00e7, ard\u0131\u00e7 ve ceviz gibi a\u011fa\u00e7lar
\ngiderek azalmaktad\u0131r. Yine bu zengin bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan da\u011f ke\u00e7isi,
\nay\u0131, kurt, tilki, va\u015fak, porsuk, sansar, tav\u015fan, keklik, \u00f6rdek, kaz, tura\u00e7,
\nb\u0131ld\u0131rc\u0131n, turna ve daha pek \u00e7ok hayvan da hem say\u0131ca hem de t\u00fcr olarak h\u0131zla
\nazalmaktad\u0131r. Nadir bulunan ve nesli tehdit alt\u0131nda olan binlerce bitki de
\nvard\u0131r.\u00a0 <\/span>Bu bitki t\u00fcrlerinin kaybolmas\u0131
\nve beraberinde ekosistemlerin bozulmas\u0131 \u00f6nemle \u00fczerinde durulmas\u0131 gereken
\nsorunlardand\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\nbitkinin y\u00fczde 10\u2019u \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Genel olarak t\u00fcm eksikliklere
\nra\u011fmen ancak 25000-30000 bitki \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma var. Yabanc\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar 19.
\ny\u00fczy\u0131ldan ba\u015flayarak K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli bilimsel gezilerle
\ntoplad\u0131klar\u0131 bitkileri yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcrerek de\u011ferlendirmi\u015flerdir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze
\nkadar K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da bu y\u00f6nl\u00fc yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, K\u00fcrdistanl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan pek
\nbilinmemektedir. Bu y\u00f6nl\u00fc, \u201changi bitki nerede yeti\u015fmekte, t\u00fcr\u00fc t\u00fckenen
\nbitkiler hangileri, neden t\u00fckeniyorlar, do\u011fal alanlar koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f m\u0131,
\nbu i\u015fleri kimler y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor? gibi pek \u00e7ok soru sorulabilir. Bu konular\u0131n \u00f6nemle
\nve aciliyetle ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. K\u00fcrdistan\u2019daki baz\u0131 \u00fcniversiteler bu
\ny\u00f6nl\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve incelemeler yapmaktad\u0131r. Fakat do\u011fa gibi hassasiyet isteyen,
\nduygu isteyen ve tek ba\u015f\u0131na analitik zekan\u0131n eline b\u0131rak\u0131lamayacak bir alan\u0131
\nsalt \u201cbilimsel kurumlar\u0131n, devlet kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na b\u0131rakman\u0131n
\ndo\u011fru olmayaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Toplumun ve topluma ait olu\u015fumlar\u0131n da bu
\nara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda ve do\u011fay\u0131 korumaya almada rol\u00fc olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Toplum ayn\u0131 zamanda
\ndo\u011fan\u0131n da savunma g\u00fcc\u00fc olabilir. Bir ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131saca s\u0131ralad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z y\u00f6reler
\nd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n d\u00f6rt par\u00e7as\u0131 botanik zenginli\u011fe sahiptir. Fakat ba\u015fta
\nsava\u015flarda kullan\u0131lan silah ve bombalar, K\u00fcrdistan bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc, bitki
\nhazinesini, orman \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini ve s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yine hayvan varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yok
\netmektedir. Yan\u0131 s\u0131ra kurulan barajlar hem tarihi hem de do\u011fal ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131n\u0131
\nyok etmektedir. Ama K\u00fcrdistan tarihte oldu\u011fu gibi yine do\u011fu\u015fun ve umudun
\nco\u011frafyas\u0131 olmaya devam etmektedir.\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n
\nco\u011frafyaya sahiptir. Anadolu\u2019da bulunan bitkilerin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 35’i Kuzey
\nK\u00fcrdistan\u2019da yay\u0131l\u0131m g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu co\u011frafyaya \u00f6zg\u00fc olan bitki t\u00fcrlerinin
\ny\u00fczde 86’s\u0131n\u0131n Sems\u00fbr (Ad\u0131yaman), y\u00fczde 81’inin Antep, y\u00fczde 71’inin Mardin,
\ny\u00fczde 66’s\u0131n\u0131n Amed, y\u00fczde 61’inin Siirt ve y\u00fczde 58’inin Urfa’da oldu\u011fu
\n\u00e7e\u015fitli ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda belirtilmektedir. Yine ayn\u0131 co\u011frafyan\u0131n g\u00fcl t\u00fcrlerinin
\ny\u00fczde 56\u2019s\u0131 ile papatya t\u00fcrlerinin y\u00fczde 46\u2019s\u0131 K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da yeti\u015fmektedir.
\nK\u0131saca baz\u0131 y\u00f6relere bakarsak <\/p>\n
\ncinse ait 346 bitki t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn yeti\u015fti\u011fi s\u00f6ylenmektedir. Yine Van\u2019a kom\u015fu
\nHakkari\u2019nin y\u00fcksek kesimlerinde yeti\u015fen nadide nergis ve s\u00fcs\u00fcn \u00e7i\u00e7ekleri,
\ng\u00fczelli\u011fi ve zarafeti yan\u0131nda \u015fifa kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak da de\u011ferlendiriliyor. Nergis
\n\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011finin kurutulup i\u00e7ildi\u011finde a\u011fr\u0131 kesici etkisinin oldu\u011fu ara\u015ft\u0131ran
\nuzmanlarca ifade edilmektedir. Ama bunun da \u00f6tesinde dayan\u0131lmaz g\u00fczellikte bir
\nkokuya sahip s\u00fcs\u00fcn \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi ise nefes a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0
\n<\/span>D\u00fcnyada yaln\u0131zca K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da yeti\u015fen \u201c\u015fil\u00ear (ters lale) \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi ayn\u0131
\nsap \u00fczerinde duran d\u00f6rt lalesiyle d\u00f6rt par\u00e7a K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a benzetilir. \u00d6zellikle
\nHakkari ve Van \u00e7evresinde yeti\u015fen \u2018ters lale\u2019 yok olma tehlikesiyle kar\u015f\u0131
\nkar\u015f\u0131yad\u0131r. Her sabah i\u00e7inden su s\u0131zd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u2018a\u011flayan lale\u2019 olarak da
\nadland\u0131r\u0131lan ters laleyi H\u0131ristiyanlar, Hz. \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7arm\u0131ha gerili\u015fini
\nsimgeledi\u011fine inand\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in kutsal kabul ediyor. BM\u2019nin parasal deste\u011fiyle
\nHakkari\u2019de \u00fcretilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6zel alanlar kurulan ters lale, ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131lar
\ntaraf\u0131ndan s\u00f6k\u00fclmektedir. Bu durumun devam etmesi halinde 10 y\u0131l sonra ters
\nlalenin bu alanlarda yok olabilece\u011fi s\u00f6ylenmektedir. <\/p>\n
\n700 bitki \u00e7e\u015fidine rastlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle Karacada\u011f’da 1000\u2019e yak\u0131n bitki
\n\u00e7e\u015fidi oldu\u011fu tahmin ediliyor. Genel olarak Urfa’da 1500\u2019e yak\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fit
\nbulunmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda, y\u00fcz y\u0131ld\u0131r varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na rastlanmayan
\nve so\u011fanl\u0131 bir bitki olan \u2018Mezopotamya S\u00fcmb\u00fcl\u00fc\u2019ne rastlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun gibi
\naky\u0131ld\u0131z, da\u011f s\u00fcmb\u00fcl\u00fc, ta\u015f sar\u0131msa\u011f\u0131, Halep lalesi, kar \u00e7i\u011fdemi ve Karacada\u011f
\ns\u00fcseni gibi bitkileri de bulunur. D\u00fcnyada yaln\u0131zca Urfa’da yeti\u015fti\u011fi bilinen ve
\n116 y\u0131l \u00f6nce ke\u015ffedilen \u201cMezopotamya s\u00fcmb\u00fcl\u00fc”ne, Harran \u00dcniversitesi Fen
\nEdebiyat Fak\u00fcltesi \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyelerince yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmayla yeniden
\nrastlan\u0131r. 4 y\u0131l boyunca s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fckleri ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonucunda, literat\u00fcrde \u2018Scilla
\nMesopotamica Speta” olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fe, Halfeti il\u00e7esi yak\u0131n\u0131nda
\nrastlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bitki, Alman eczac\u0131 ve bitki toplay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 Paul Sintenis
\ntaraf\u0131ndan ilk kez 1888 y\u0131l\u0131nda Halfeti’den toplan\u0131r ve \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi, 1977 y\u0131l\u0131nda
\n\u201cSpeta” isimli yabanc\u0131 bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131na tan\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r.
\nAd\u0131n\u0131 yeti\u015fti\u011fi b\u00f6lgeden alan Mezopotamya s\u00fcmb\u00fcl\u00fc, bug\u00fcn yaln\u0131zca Halfeti’de
\nyerel bir yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f alan\u0131na sahip durumdad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\nyeti\u015fen siyah g\u00fcller herkesin ilgisini \u00e7ekmektedir. Y\u00f6reye \u00f6zg\u00fc olan siyah
\ng\u00fcller gonca iken siyaht\u0131r. Bahar ve sonbahar\u0131n ilk g\u00fcnlerinde yeti\u015fiyor. Bu
\nnadide siyah g\u00fcllerin, kesilip ba\u015fka yere g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fckten sonra rengini
\nde\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fi, tohum olarak ba\u015fka bir b\u00f6lgeye ekildi\u011finde de siyah a\u00e7mad\u0131\u011f\u0131
\nbelirtiliyor. <\/p>\n
\ngelin (F\u0131r\u0131t\u0131llaria \u0130mperialis), Ay\u0131 \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fc, Sumak, Sak\u0131z, Melengi\u00e7, Ard\u0131\u00e7, \u00c7am,
\nSedir, \u00c7ay\u0131r otlar\u0131, Domuz ayr\u0131\u011f\u0131, Geven, S\u00fctle\u011fen, Orman \u00e7ile\u011fi, Menek\u015fe,
\nSarma\u015f\u0131k, G\u0131c\u0131r, Kekik, E\u011frelti ve Yav\u015fanlar bitkileri yeti\u015fmektedir. <\/p>\n
\n(bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc) ve fauna (bir y\u00f6redeki hayvanlar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc) bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengindir.
\nB\u00f6lgede do\u011fal olarak bulunan k\u00fclt\u00fcre al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015f t\u0131bbi bitki yo\u011fundur. Ku\u015fburnu,
\nkekik ve son zamanlarda kullan\u0131m alan\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015fan ve aranan bitki t\u00fcrlerinden
\nmeyan ve kapari y\u00f6rede bol miktarda bulunan aromatik bitkilerdir.<\/p>\n
\nve teksir edilmi\u015ftir\u2019 ibaresi ge\u00e7mektedir. Amed\u2019le ilgili kitaplarda Amed\u2019de
\nyeti\u015fen 24 g\u00fcl ismi verilmektedir.<\/p>\n
\nPark\u0131 floras\u0131nda 1518 \u00e7e\u015fitli bitki kay\u0131tl\u0131d\u0131r. Munzur Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019ndan ba\u015fka
\nhi\u00e7bir yerde bulunmayan endemik (y\u00f6reye \u00f6zg\u00fc) bitkiler aras\u0131nda \u00c7an \u00c7i\u00e7e\u011fi,
\nErzincan Kiraz\u0131, Bindebir Keklik Otu, Munzur Keki\u011fi, Munzur D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn \u00c7i\u00e7e\u011fi,
\nDa\u011f\u00e7ay\u0131, Munzur Da\u011f\u0131 Oltuotu ve Menek\u015fe say\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
\nerimesiyle meralarda \u00e7ok miktarda \u00e7i\u011fdem g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Yabani armut, elma ve
\nvi\u015fnelere rastlan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ku\u015fburnu, kekik, salep y\u00f6rede bol miktarda bulunan
\naromatik bitkilerdir. Kars bal\u0131 da bu zengin floradan elde edilir.<\/p>\n
\nbitkileri, ku\u015fburnu, kekik, geven bol miktarda bulunur. I\u015fk\u0131n, so\u011fan\u0131ms\u0131
\nbitkilerden ila\u00e7 sanayinde kullan\u0131lan dombala, meyvesi kahve yap\u0131m\u0131nda
\nkullan\u0131lan menengi\u00e7 a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\nyonca b\u00f6lgede do\u011fal olarak bulunan bir yem bitkisidir. Ku\u015fburnu ve kekik y\u00f6rede
\nbol miktarda bulunan aromatik bitkilerdir. \u0130lkbaharda ok\u015fin, jal \u00e7ivi\u015f olarak
\nadland\u0131r\u0131lan bitkiler\u00a0 <\/span>da\u011flarda bol
\nmiktarda bulunur. Yayla bal\u0131 bu yerel floradan elde edilmektedir.<\/p>\n
\nsak\u0131z a\u011fac\u0131, keven, potaryum, ayr\u0131k, kekik ve yumak otu ba\u015fl\u0131ca yeti\u015fen zengin
\nbitkilerdir. Mu\u015f otlak ve mera alan\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a zengin olup bu\u011fdaygil
\nyem bitkileri (Kam\u0131\u015fs\u0131 Yumak, K\u0131l\u00e7\u0131ks\u0131z Brom, \u00c7ay\u0131r \u00dc\u00e7g\u00fcl\u00fc, Domuz Ayr\u0131\u011f\u0131, Mavi
\nAyr\u0131k, Y\u00fcksek Otlak Ayr\u0131\u011f\u0131 vb), Baklagil yem bitkileri (Adi Yonca, \u015eerbet\u00e7i otu
\nyoncas\u0131, Geven, tarla \u00dc\u00e7g\u00fcl\u00fc, Melez \u00dc\u00e7g\u00fcl, Kekik, \u00c7ay\u0131r D\u00fc\u011fmesi vb.), K\u00f6pek
\ndi\u015fi, koyun yuma\u011f\u0131, \u00e7ay\u0131r saz\u0131, vb. bitkiler botanik zenginli\u011fini
\nolu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Ardahan\u2019da yaban eri\u011fi, ahlat, \u00fcvez, kara\u00e7al\u0131, laden,
\nb\u00f6\u011f\u00fcrtlen, ku\u015fburnu, yaban g\u00fcl\u00fc yaban f\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve otsu t\u00fcrlerden \u00fc\u00e7g\u00fcl,
\nkaranfil, ay\u0131 \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fc, \u00e7an \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi, kuzu kula\u011f\u0131, salk\u0131m otu, geven, \u00e7ilek, d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn
\n\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi, salan pen\u00e7esi, kekik, gelincik bulunmaktad\u0131r. 600 adet \u00e7e\u015fit polen veya
\nball\u0131 bitki mevcuttur. I\u011fd\u0131r\u2019da Korunga, fi\u011f, \u00e7ay\u0131r salk\u0131m otu, sinir otu,
\nhindiba, ak\u00fc\u00e7g\u00fcl, \u015ferbet\u00e7iotu, geven, leylek dagas\u0131, ka\u011f\u0131t otu, sar\u0131 \u00e7i\u00e7ekli
\ncivan per\u00e7emi, krizanten, \u00e7oban \u00e7antas\u0131, ball\u0131baba, domuz ayr\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi \u00e7ay\u0131r
\nmera bitkileri\u00a0 <\/span>b\u00f6lgede do\u011fal olarak
\nbulunan bitkilerdir. Erzurum orman arazileri, a\u00e7\u0131k otlaklar\u0131 ve meralar\u0131 flora
\nve fauna bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengindir. Korunga, ak\u00fc\u00e7g\u00fcl\u00a0
\n<\/span>b\u00f6lgede do\u011fal olarak bulunan bir yem bitkisidir. Kapari, ku\u015fburnu,
\nkekik, salep\u00a0 <\/span>y\u00f6rede bol miktarda bulunan
\naromatik bitkilerdir.<\/p>\n
\nStratejik Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Merkezi<\/span><\/p>\n
\n– www.lekolin.net \u2013 www.lekolin.info<\/span><\/p>\n