{"id":5147,"date":"2020-03-15T01:20:55","date_gmt":"2020-03-14T22:20:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/kurt-soykirimi\/"},"modified":"2020-03-15T01:20:55","modified_gmt":"2020-03-14T22:20:55","slug":"kurt-soykirimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/kurt-soykirimi\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u00fcrt Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

01 Ekim 2013 Sal\u0131 Saat 07:11<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

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\n\u201cSava\u015f ve iktidar bloklar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00e7ok ba\u015fvurduklar\u0131 toplumsal politikalar\u0131ndan biri asimilasyondur. En genel deyimiyle k\u00fclt\u00fcrel eritme anlam\u0131na gelen asimilasyon politikalar\u0131ndaki temel ama\u00e7, tahakk\u00fcme tabi tuttuklar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7 yeteneklerini ellerinden almak i\u00e7in, ba\u015fta zihniyetin temel kullan\u0131m arac\u0131 olan yerel dili uygulama d\u0131\u015f\u0131 tutup, hakim dilin yo\u011fun i\u015fleni\u015fini ifade eder. <\/b><\/p>\n

\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n

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\u201cSava\u015f ve iktidar bloklar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00e7ok ba\u015fvurduklar\u0131
\ntoplumsal politikalar\u0131ndan biri asimilasyondur. En genel deyimiyle k\u00fclt\u00fcrel
\neritme anlam\u0131na gelen asimilasyon politikalar\u0131ndaki temel ama\u00e7, tahakk\u00fcme tabi
\ntuttuklar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7 yeteneklerini ellerinden almak i\u00e7in, ba\u015fta
\nzihniyetin temel kullan\u0131m arac\u0131 olan yerel dili uygulama d\u0131\u015f\u0131 tutup, hakim
\ndilin yo\u011fun i\u015fleni\u015fini ifade eder. Resmi dil yoluyla yerel dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr
\nkad\u00fckle\u015fip dola\u015f\u0131mda rol oynamayacak kadar daralt\u0131l\u0131r. Hakim dil-k\u00fclt\u00fcr
\ny\u00fckselmenin, okuman\u0131n, siyaset ve ekonominin ifade dili olarak kullanana
\nkazan\u0131m sa\u011flar. Bask\u0131 alt\u0131na al\u0131nan dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr ise kullanana zarar
\nkaydettirir.<\/em><\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n

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Asimilasyon
\nyaln\u0131z dil alan\u0131nda de\u011fil, iktidar\u0131n \u015fekillendirdi\u011fi t\u00fcm toplumsal kurumlarda
\nuygulan\u0131r. Hakim ulus veya dinin, grubun kurumsal ger\u00e7ekli\u011fine uyarlanma her
\nd\u00fczeyde ya\u015fan\u0131r. Siyasal, sosyal, ekonomik, hatta zihniyet alan\u0131 resmen tan\u0131n\u0131p
\nhukuk\u00e7a korunduk\u00e7a, di\u011fer az\u0131nl\u0131k ve yenilmi\u015flerin e\u015f kurumlar\u0131 kendilerini
\nhakim kurumlara g\u00f6re zoraki veya g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc asimilasyona u\u011fratarak, resmiyetinin
\ni\u00e7inde yer al\u0131rlar. Bask\u0131 ve ekonomik, siyasi \u00e7\u0131kar ne kadar devreye girerse,
\nerime o denli rol oynar. <\/font><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

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T\u00fcm uygarl\u0131k tarihinde k\u00fclt\u00fcr
\nunsurlar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011flamak me\u015fruiyetleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7ilmezdir. Ekonomik ve
\niktidar erki erkenden bu hususu fark edip tedbir almaktan asla gecikmezler.
\nK\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn iktidarca asimilasyonu hiyerar\u015filerin kurulu\u015f d\u00f6nemlerine kadar gider.
\nEsas y\u00f6netim ara\u00e7lar\u0131d\u0131r. K\u00fclt\u00fcrel hegemonya olmazsa, ekonomik ve iktidar
\ntekelleri y\u00f6netemezler. Zora ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcye dayal\u0131 sistemler zorla olsa olsa k\u0131sa
\ns\u00fcreli talanlarla varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ayakta tutabilirler ki, talan edilecek bir \u015fey
\nkalmay\u0131nca ya birbirlerine girerler ya da y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131p da\u011f\u0131l\u0131rlar.<\/font><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Ulus-devlet,
\nt\u00fcm tekellerin ortak paydas\u0131 olarak, toplumsal maddi k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn gasp\u0131, fethetme
\nve s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015ftirilmesi \u00fczerine kurulmakla yetinmez manevi k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn
\nasimilasyonunda da belirleyici rol oynar. Ulusal k\u00fclt\u00fcr ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011funlukla
\nh\u00e2kim bir etnisite veya dini cemaatin k\u00fclt\u00fcr normlar\u0131n\u0131 resmile\u015ftirip, geriye
\nkalan t\u00fcm k\u00fclt\u00fcrel varl\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f a\u00e7ar. \u201cUlusal b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011fe zararl\u0131d\u0131r
\ndeyip, binlerce y\u0131ldan beri varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruyan ne kadar din, etnisite, kavim ve
\nulus dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc varsa, ya zorla ya da maddi te\u015fviklerle hepsinin sonunu
\nhaz\u0131rlar. Tarihin hi\u00e7bir d\u00f6neminde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar dil, din, mezhep, etnik
\nkabile ve a\u015firetlerle kavim ve uluslar bu politikan\u0131n, daha do\u011frusu soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n
\nkurban\u0131 olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Maddi soyk\u0131r\u0131mlar (fiziki imha) manevi soyk\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n
\nyan\u0131nda devede kulak bile de\u011fildir. Binlerce y\u0131ldan beri s\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcp gelen dil ve
\nk\u00fclt\u00fcr de\u011ferleri gruplar\u0131 ile birlikte \u2018ulusal birlik\u2019 \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda
\nkutsal bir eylemmi\u015f gibi kurban edilirler. <\/span><\/em><\/strong> <\/span><\/font><\/p>\n

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Ulus-devletlerin asimilasyon politikalar\u0131n\u0131n hedefinde olan
\ndil, bir halk\u0131n ya\u015fayan ortak haf\u0131zas\u0131d\u0131r. Dili yok edilen bir halk\u0131n tarihsel
\nreferans\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme tarz\u0131, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc de yok edilmi\u015f olmaktad\u0131r. O nedenle her dil
\nbir halkt\u0131r. Dil bir ileti\u015fim arac\u0131 rol\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcrken ayn\u0131 zamanda toplumsal
\nkimli\u011fi-toplumsall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade eder. Toplumsall\u0131kta dil, tarih, toprak, inan\u00e7
\n\u00f6\u011feleri \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar. Ortak aidiyette kullan\u0131lan dil, tarihten ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131p getirdi\u011fi k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin
\ns\u00fcreklili\u011finin de garantisi olur.<\/font><\/p>\n

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Yeni do\u011fan her \u00e7ocuk 0-6 ya\u015f aras\u0131nda en \u00e7ok annesiyle
\nili\u015fkide bulundu\u011fu i\u00e7in annesinin dilini \u00f6\u011frenir. Ulus-devletin s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesi
\nalt\u0131nda bulunan topraklarda, okul \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na gelen \u00e7ocuk i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 bir d\u00f6nem
\nba\u015flar. \u00c7ocuk art\u0131k ana dilini unutacak hakim s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci ulusun dili
\nasimilasyonu sonucunda, yabanc\u0131, ba\u015fka bir dil \u00f6\u011frenmek zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131lacakt\u0131r.
\nResmi yaz\u0131 dili s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilerin dili oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00e7ocu\u011fun ki\u015fili\u011fi \u00fczerinde
\ntahribat\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck olurken bu etkinli\u011fi nedeniyle kendi ana dili edilgen bir
\ngeli\u015fme i\u00e7erisine girer. \u00c7ocu\u011fun, davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 kendi diliyle olu\u015fan k\u00fclt\u00fcr
\ndokusu, s\u00fcrekli bir etkinlik i\u00e7erisinde bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ulus-devletin
\nk\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn etkisi \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00f6nceden anas\u0131ndan, ait oldu\u011fu toplumsal yap\u0131dan
\n\u00f6\u011frendiklerini unutturmaktad\u0131r.<\/font><\/p>\n

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Bask\u0131, sindirme ve a\u00e7 b\u0131rakma sonucu geli\u015fen zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7ler
\nbuna dayal\u0131 olu\u015fturulan merkezlerde asimilasyon en ince y\u00f6ntemlerle uygulamaya
\nkonulmaktad\u0131r. Ait oldu\u011fu toplumsal yap\u0131dan kopart\u0131lan-ki\u015fili\u011fi par\u00e7alanan
\n\u00e7ocuk, ulus-devletin hakim k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7 g\u00f6steremeyecek hale
\ngetirilmektedir. Bu ama\u00e7la olu\u015fturulan yat\u0131l\u0131 b\u00f6lge okullar\u0131 ve bu okullarda
\nzorunlu \u00f6\u011frenimi \u00e7ekici k\u0131lmak, e\u011fitimde hareketlili\u011fi hiyerar\u015fik olarak
\nk\u0131s\u0131tlamamak, ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek, \u015fehirlerde pazarlama etkinlikleri yaratmak
\nb\u00fct\u00fcn bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ezilen ulusun bireylerini kendi \u00f6z k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerinden kopar\u0131p
\ns\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci ulusun k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcyle donatman\u0131n organize olmayan yayg\u0131n asimile
\netkinlikleridir.<\/font><\/p>\n

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Ulus-devlet, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci ve asimilasyoncu y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc gizlemek i\u00e7in
\ne\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ters y\u00fcz ederek
\n\u201cToplumsal de\u011fi\u015fim\u2026Toplumsalla\u015fma\u2026Modernle\u015fme\u2026 olgular\u0131na dayand\u0131rarak akla uydurma
\ny\u00f6ntemlerini geli\u015ftirmektedir. Asimilasyon di\u011fer bir ad\u0131yla dev\u015firme
\nokullar\u0131yla egemen k\u00fclt\u00fcrle fiziki kayna\u015ft\u0131rma yolu izlenirken g\u00f6rsel-i\u015fitsel
\ny\u00f6ntemlerle ulus-devletin dili ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc s\u00fcrekli tekrarla asimilasyonu kabul
\nedilir hale getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. <\/font><\/p>\n

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Dev\u015firmecilik<\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n

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“Sava\u015f esirlerinden asker yeti\u015ftirme ve ordu kurma”
\nolan dev\u015firme sistemi\u00a0 <\/span>Abbasilerde,
\nGaznelilerde ve Samano\u011fullar\u0131nda uygulanm\u0131\u015f daha sonra da Sel\u00e7uklu devletinde
\nGulam sistemi, Osmanl\u0131 devletinde de\u00a0
\n<\/span>pen\u00e7ik kanunu olarak i\u015flev kazand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 devletinde Yeni\u00e7eri
\nOca\u011f\u0131 olarak uygulanan dev\u015firme sistemi ilk kez I. Murat taraf\u0131ndan
\nolu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. I. Murat\u2019\u0131n annesi Bizansl\u0131 Horofira yani Nil\u00fcfer hatundur.
\nDev\u015firme sistemi \u00c7elebi Mehmet zaman\u0131nda geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f, II. Murat zaman\u0131nda da
\nbir sistem haline getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/font><\/p>\n

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Dev\u015firmecilik ilk
\nolarak S\u00fcmer hanedanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kendilerini korumak i\u00e7in,
\nkimsesiz k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 Edubalarda e\u011fiterek onlardan kana susam\u0131\u015f-korkun\u00e7
\naskerler ve gaddar b\u00fcrokratlar yaratt\u0131lar. Benzeri bir dev\u015firmecilik sistemi
\nSpartal\u0131lar da g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u0130\u015fgal ettikleri topraklarda \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 toplayarak
\nk\u0131\u015flalarda ac\u0131mas\u0131z asker olarak yeti\u015ftirdiler. K\u00f6leli\u011fin yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fu
\nM\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da da k\u00f6lelerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 yedi ya\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren k\u0131\u015flalara al\u0131narak
\nonlara Furusiye e\u011fitimi verdiler. K\u0131\u015flalarda Furusiye e\u011fitimi g\u00f6ren \u00e7ocuklar
\ntopluma yabanc\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak insanl\u0131k d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar haline getirildiler.
\nOsmanl\u0131lar\u0131n Yeni\u00e7eri Oca\u011f\u0131 da bunlardan \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Fethedilen
\nyerlerdeki \u00e7ocuklar dev\u015firilerek Yeni\u00e7eri ocaklar\u0131nda birer sava\u015f makineleri
\nyaratt\u0131lar. \u00a0<\/span><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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Dev\u015firmecilik Osmanl\u0131 imparatorlu\u011funun ele ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi \u00f6zellikle
\nRumeli ve Balkanlar’daki Arnavut, Bulgar, Ermeni, Macar, Yunan, S\u0131rp, Hersek ve
\nBosnal\u0131 H\u0131ristiyan ailelerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n 1\/5 ini alarak onlar\u0131 yeteneklerine
\ng\u00f6re el konulmas\u0131yla olu\u015fturulmu\u015f bir sistemdir. 8, 10 ve 20 ya\u015f aras\u0131nda
\nbulunan H\u0131ristiyan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 Yeni\u00e7eri ve Enderun isimli e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131nda
\ndevletin y\u00f6netim kademesi olan vezirler, devlet adamlar\u0131 ve askeri komutanlar\u0131
\nyeti\u015ftiriliyordu. \u00a0<\/span>Osmanl\u0131 devletindeki
\nb\u00fcy\u00fck komutanlar\u0131n, devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131n, el\u00e7ilerin ve vezirlerin pek \u00e7o\u011fu
\ndev\u015firme sisteminden gelmekteydi. Devlet b\u00fcrokrasisi dev\u015firmelerden olu\u015furken
\ndevletin ticaret ve finans burjuvazisi de Rum, Ermeni ve Yahudiler
\nolu\u015fturuyordu.<\/font><\/p>\n

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Dev\u015firme sistemi kapsam\u0131nda ayr\u0131ca fizi\u011fi ve y\u00fcz\u00fc d\u00fczg\u00fcn olan
\n\u00e7ocuklar \u00f6zel olarak padi\u015fahlar\u0131n zevkleri i\u00e7in \u2018o\u011flan\u2019 olarak saraya
\nal\u0131n\u0131yordu. O\u011flanc\u0131l\u0131k, dev\u015firilen \u00e7ocuklar \u015fahs\u0131nda Rumeli ve Balkan halklar\u0131
\nonursuzla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yordu. Dev\u015firme sisteminin belki de halklar \u00fczerinde etkili
\nolan\u0131 o\u011flanc\u0131l\u0131k olmu\u015ftur. Osmanl\u0131 saray gelene\u011finde her padi\u015fah\u0131n veya vezirin
\no\u011flanlardan olu\u015fan haremleri bulunmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrk devlet gelene\u011finde de g\u00f6r\u00fclen
\nve bir sistem haline getirilen tecav\u00fcz k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc halklara kar\u015f\u0131 Osmanl\u0131
\ndevletinin uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 onursuzla\u015ft\u0131rma ve asimilasyon politikas\u0131n\u0131n bir
\nsonucuydu.<\/font><\/p>\n

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Dev\u015firmecilikle kendini ayakta
\ntutan Osmanl\u0131 devletinin b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u00f6netim kadrolar\u0131 da bu sistemin bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcyd\u00fc.
\nTahta getirilen padi\u015fahlar\u0131n hepsi Yahudi ve H\u0131ristiyan kad\u0131nlarla
\nevlenmi\u015flerdir. Onlardan do\u011fan \u00e7ocuklar daha sonra tekrar tahta gelmi\u015flerdir.
\nBu durumda Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fahlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu T\u00fcrk de\u011fildir. <\/span><\/font><\/p>\n

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Dev\u015firilmi\u015f Yeni\u00e7eriler<\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Orhan Gazi taraf\u0131ndan 1362’de o d\u00f6nem vezir-i azam olan aslen
\nYahudi dev\u015firmesi olan \u00c7andarl\u0131 <\/font><\/p>\n

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Hayrettin Pa\u015fa, Yeni\u00e7eri Oca\u011f\u0131 ve Enderun ad\u0131yla dev\u015firme
\ndi\u011fer ad\u0131yla asimilasyon merkezlerinin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kurulan bu iki
\ndev\u015firme-asimilasyon merkezlerinde geneli H\u0131ristiyan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ve ele ge\u00e7irilen
\ntopraklarda esir edilen halklar\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. \u0130slam hukukunda,
\nharpte elde edilen esir ve ganimetlerin be\u015fte birinin beyt\u00fclmale ait olmas\u0131
\nh\u00fckm\u00fcne dayan\u0131larak \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan Pen\u00e7ik Kanunu gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6sterilerek \u00e7ocuklara el
\nkonuluyordu.\u00a0 <\/span>Bu kanunla, sava\u015flarda elde
\nedilen her be\u015f esirden biri devlet hesab\u0131na ve asker ihtiyac\u0131na g\u00f6re acemi
\no\u011flan\u0131 olarak al\u0131nmaktayd\u0131. Daha sonra Dev\u015firme kanunu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak, pen\u00e7ik
\no\u011flan\u0131ndan ba\u015fka, dev\u015firme ismiyle, Rumeli taraf\u0131ndaki Osmanl\u0131 egemenli\u011fi
\nalt\u0131nda olan H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131ndan da acemi o\u011flan\u0131 al\u0131nmas\u0131
\nkararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Sonraki y\u0131llarda bu kanun Anadolu\u2019daki H\u0131ristiyanlara da
\nuygulanmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Yeni\u00e7eri oca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ilk merkezi Gelibolu\u2019da kuruldu.
\n\u0130stanbul\u2019un fethinden sonra Yeni\u00e7eri ocaklar\u0131n\u0131n merkezi \u0130stanbul\u2019a ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131.<\/font><\/p>\n

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Bu \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7inde nitelikli olanlar Enderun\u2019a al\u0131n\u0131rken bir
\nk\u0131sm\u0131 sarayda o\u011flan olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu. Geri kalan da Yeni\u00e7eri ocaklar\u0131na
\nal\u0131n\u0131yordu.\u00a0 <\/span>Osmanl\u0131 devleti taraf\u0131ndan
\ngasp edilen \u00e7ocuklar dev\u015firilir dev\u015firilmez s\u00fcnnet edilip, kendilerine bir
\nM\u00fcsl\u00fcman ad\u0131 veriliyordu. Devletin dili olan Osmanl\u0131ca \u00f6\u011fretiliyordu.
\nDev\u015firmecilikte Bekta\u015fi tarikat\u0131 en etkin kurumlardan biriydi. Yeni\u00e7erilerin
\nBekta\u015fi tarikat\u0131na girmesi \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n bir gelenekti. <\/font><\/p>\n

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Bu sistemin kurucusu Hayrettin Pa\u015fada da Yahudi dev\u015firmesidir.
\nHayrettin ismini ba\u015f vezirli\u011fe getirilmesinden sonra alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eyl\u00fcl 1364 ile
\n22 Ocak 1387 tarihleri aras\u0131nda 22 y\u0131l 4 ay vezir-i azaml\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015f ve Osmanl\u0131
\nDevleti’nin kurulu\u015funda, Anadolu ve H\u0131ristiyan halklar\u0131n\u0131n asimilasyonunda
\n\u00f6nemli g\u00f6revler alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/font><\/p>\n

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Dev\u015firme sistemi olan Yeni\u00e7erilerin 15. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131na
\nkadar say\u0131lar\u0131 10.000, Kan\u00fbni Sultan S\u00fcleyman\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc sonras\u0131nda ise 12.000
\ndolaylar\u0131ndayd\u0131. Bu say\u0131 Sultan III. Mehmet zaman\u0131nda 45.000\u2019e kadar y\u00fckseldi.
\nIV. Murat zaman\u0131nda Yeni\u00e7erilerin say\u0131s\u0131 azalt\u0131lsa da Anadolu\u2019da ba\u015flayan
\nT\u00fcrkmen isyanlar\u0131 nedeniyle 17. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonunda 80.000\u2019ne \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu
\nsay\u0131 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren 100.000\u2019i ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/font><\/p>\n

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Yeni\u00e7eri ocaklar\u0131,\u00a0 <\/span>II.
\nMahmut devrinde 15 Haziran 1826\u2019da\u201cVak\u2019a-i Hayriye olarak tarihe ge\u00e7en
\nYeni\u00e7erilerin devlet kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131klar\u0131 isyan sonras\u0131nda kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat
\nyerine ayn\u0131 sistemin bir devam\u0131 niteli\u011findeki Nizam\u0131cedit ad\u0131nda yeni bir ocak
\nkurulmu\u015ftur.\u00a0 <\/span><\/font><\/p>\n

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G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise Yeni\u00e7eri ocaklar\u0131 Y\u0130BO\u2019lar olarak
\ng\u00fcncellenmi\u015ftir. K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da K\u00fcrt Laz, \u00c7erkez ve di\u011fer Anadolu halklar\u0131n\u0131n
\n\u00e7ocuklar\u0131 Y\u0130BO\u2019larda dev\u015firilerek T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirilmekte, devlet b\u00fcrokrasisinde ya
\nda asker, polis, korucu, ajan olarak kendi halk\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fman olarak \u00f6ne
\n\u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. <\/font><\/p>\n

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Zorunlu \u0130skan Yasas\u0131<\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n

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17. yy sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru 1793 y\u0131l\u0131nda zorunlu isk\u00e2n kanunu
\n\u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak yerle\u015fik d\u00fczene gelmeyen, Osmanl\u0131 devlet sistemine kar\u015f\u0131 olan
\nkonar-g\u00f6\u00e7er durumda olan Anadolu\u2019daki T\u00fcrkmenlerin di\u011fer bir ifade ile
\nY\u00f6r\u00fcklerin, K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da ki Ko\u00e7erlerin \u0131slah edilmesi ve sistem i\u00e7in zarars\u0131z
\nhale getirilmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7\u0131kart\u0131lan zorunlu iskan yasas\u0131n\u0131n bir
\nnedeni de \u00a0<\/span>Osmanl\u0131 devletinin\u00a0 <\/span>i\u015fgal etti\u011fi ve egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131
\nRumeli, Balkan ve Arap co\u011frafyas\u0131nda ba\u015flayan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 hareketler
\nnedeniyle artan\u00a0 <\/span>para, asker ve ordunun
\ntemel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 gerekiyordu. Ayn\u0131 zamanda 1. d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131
\n\u00f6ncesinde “i\u00e7 cephesini sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rmak” amac\u0131yla K\u00fcrtler ve
\nT\u00fcrkmenler d\u00fc\u015fman olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. Bu ama\u00e7la K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da Mu\u015f, Bitlis ve
\nAmed\u2019de 700 bine yak\u0131n K\u00fcrt zorla g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirildi. Sava\u015f \u00f6ncesinde s\u0131n\u0131r
\nboylar\u0131nda ba\u015flayan isyanlara bir de K\u00fcrt ve T\u00fcrkmenlerin eklenmesi Osmanl\u0131
\ndevletinin par\u00e7alanmas\u0131n\u0131 getirecekti. \u0130skan yasas\u0131 ile kontrol d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olan
\nK\u00fcrtler ve T\u00fcrkmenler yerle\u015fik d\u00fczene ge\u00e7irilerek halklar\u0131n mallar\u0131n\u0131,
\nhayvanlar\u0131n\u0131 kay\u0131t alt\u0131na alarak vergiye ba\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda iskan yasas\u0131
\nile Osmanl\u0131 devleti, bo\u015f arazileri imara a\u00e7arak, devletin ba\u015f\u0131na bela olan
\nK\u00fcrtleri ve T\u00fcrkmenleri etkisiz hale getirmek bu \u015fekilde K\u00fcrdistan ve
\nAnadolu\u2019nun ekonomik ve sosyolojik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 devlet politikas\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde
\nyeniden d\u00fczenlemek amac\u0131yla ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Zorunlu iskan yasas\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131
\ns\u0131ras\u0131nda Anadolu\u2019da Adana, Antalya\u00a0
\n<\/span>taraflar\u0131nda ba\u015flayan Av\u015far T\u00fcrkmenlerinin Osmanl\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 isyanlar\u0131
\ntarihe damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurmu\u015ftur. \u0130syan yine kanla bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, isyana kat\u0131lan Av\u015far
\nbeyleri katledilirken katliamdan kurtulanlar ise ba\u015fka yerlere s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015flerdir.
\nAyn\u0131 politika K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130skan yasas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kanlar
\nkatledilmi\u015f veya bat\u0131ya s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Orta Anadolu\u2019ya s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilen K\u00fcrtlerin
\nb\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 bu s\u00fcrg\u00fcnler sonucu ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Zorunlu iskan yasas\u0131 di\u011fer
\nbir ifade ile zorunlu asimilasyon politikas\u0131 gere\u011fince isyana e\u011filimli
\npotansiyel tehlike ta\u015f\u0131yan K\u00fcrdistan ve Anadolu\u2019da K\u00fcrt ve T\u00fcrkmen k\u00f6yleri
\nbirbirlerine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Bu \u015fekilde K\u00fcrtleri ve
\nT\u00fcrkmenlerin eriterek Osmanl\u0131 imparatorlu\u011funun asker ve vergi ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n
\nkar\u015f\u0131lanaca\u011f\u0131 depo haline getirilmesi planlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/font><\/p>\n

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Zorunlu iskan yasas\u0131n\u0131n-asimilasyonun uygulay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olan
\nAbd\u00fclhamit, K\u00fcrtlere ve T\u00fcrkmenlere yap\u0131lan hareketi: \u201cRumeli’de ve bilhassa
\nAnadolu ve K\u00fcrdistan’da Osmanl\u0131 unsurunu kuvvetlendirmek ve her \u015feyden evvel
\nK\u00fcrtleri ve T\u00fcrkmenleri yo\u011furup kendimize mal etmek \u015fartt\u0131r ifadeleriyle
\nsavunmu\u015ftur.<\/font><\/p>\n

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A\u015firet Mektepleri<\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Osmanl\u0131 devletinin II. Abd\u00fclhamid d\u00f6neminde, K\u00fcrdistan’da
\nuygulamaya koydu\u011fu asimilasyon politikalar\u0131n\u0131n somut sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biri de 1892
\ny\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan \u201cHamidiye Alaylar\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n 21 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019\u00fcnde a\u00e7\u0131lan \u201cA\u015firet
\nMektepleri olmu\u015ftur. A\u015firet Mektepleri projesinin teorisyeni Osman Nuri Pa\u015fad\u0131r.
\nHamidiye Alaylar\u0131 ise Kazakistan\u2019da Rus \u00c7ar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen
\nyerellerden olu\u015fturulan silahl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7ler \u00f6rnek al\u0131narak \u00f6rg\u00fctlendirilmi\u015ftir. <\/font><\/p>\n

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II. Abd\u00fclhamid taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131lan, A\u015firet Mektepleriyle\u00a0 <\/span>K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da devletin merkeziyet\u00e7ilik
\npolitikas\u0131 a\u015firetlere benimsetilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu sistemle ayn\u0131 zamanda
\nasimilasyon politikas\u0131 a\u015firetler \u00fczerinden K\u00fcrt halk\u0131na uygulan\u0131yordu.
\nK\u00fcrdistan\u2019da halk \u00fczerinde etkili olan b\u00fcy\u00fck a\u015firetlerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 \u0130stanbul
\ngibi merkezi otoritenin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011fu yerlerde a\u00e7\u0131lan ve daha sonra A\u015firet
\nMektepleri ismini alan yat\u0131l\u0131 okullara al\u0131narak asimile edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yordu.
\nBuradaki ama\u00e7, a\u015firet \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 zihniyetine ve otoritesine ba\u011fl\u0131
\nbirer memur haline getirip, onlar\u0131n n\u00fcfuzlar\u0131ndan faydalanarak K\u00fcrt ayaklanmalar\u0131
\nkar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda siyasi bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak kullanmak ve sonras\u0131nda da t\u00fcm a\u015firetleri
\nOsmanl\u0131 Devleti’ne boyun e\u011fdirmekti. Bu \u015fekilde K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da meydana
\ngelebilecek ayaklanmalar\u0131n \u00f6nlenebilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyordu.\u00a0 <\/span><\/font><\/p>\n

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A\u015firet Mekteplerinden mezun olanlar\u0131n hepsi K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da
\ng\u00f6revlendiriliyordu. Ba\u015fta Hamidiye Alaylar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere, devlet hizmetinde
\nmemur, mutasarr\u0131f ve vali olarak g\u00f6rev al\u0131yorlard\u0131. Hamidiye Alaylar\u0131nda g\u00f6rev
\nyapacaklar, Harbiye askeri k\u0131\u015flas\u0131nda alt\u0131 ay staj yaparak te\u011fmen r\u00fctbesiyle
\nbulunduklar\u0131 b\u00f6lgelere g\u00f6nderiliyorlard\u0131.<\/font><\/p>\n

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A\u015firet Mekteplerine Arap a\u015firetlerinin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 dahil
\nedilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lsa da as\u0131l olan K\u00fcrt a\u015firet reislerinin 12-16 ya\u015f aras\u0131ndaki
\n\u00e7ocuklar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik uygulan\u0131yordu. \u00c7ocuklar y\u0131lda iki ay evlerine gidiyorlard\u0131.
\n6-7 y\u0131l bu mekteplerde e\u011fitime tabi tutuluyorlard\u0131. <\/font><\/p>\n

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A\u015firet Mekteplerinin hepsi yat\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131. \u00d6\u011frencilerin b\u00fct\u00fcn
\nmasraflar\u0131 devlet\u00e7e kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, ayr\u0131ca her \u00f6\u011frenciye ayl\u0131k veriliyordu.
\nS\u0131n\u0131f mevcudu 40 \u00f6\u011frenci olarak tespit edilmi\u015fti. \u00d6\u011frencilerin a\u015firetlerin
\n“itibarl\u0131 ve muhterem” ailelerine mensup olmalar\u0131 okula girmek i\u00e7in
\nba\u015fl\u0131ca \u015fartlard\u0131. Okulun b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6\u011fretmenleri T\u00fcrk\u2019t\u00fc. <\/font><\/p>\n

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1892\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131lan A\u015firet Mektepleri, a\u015firetler ve K\u00fcrt halk\u0131
\n\u00fczerinde istenilen amac\u0131 yerine getirememesi \u00fczerine 1906\u2019da kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/font><\/p>\n

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\n

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\u0130ttihat Terakkinin Tek Tip Ulus Devletinin Asimilasyon
\npolitikalar\u0131<\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f s\u00fcrecinde \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin
\ndev\u015firerek, Osmanl\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctledi\u011fi ve Osmanl\u0131 devletinin y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131
\nsa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130ttihat Terakkinin 1923 y\u0131l\u0131nda iktidara geli\u015fi ard\u0131ndan inkar,
\nasimilasyon ve katliama dayal\u0131 tek tip ulus-devlet ve\u00a0 <\/span>T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme politikas\u0131 yeni kurulan
\nCumhuriyetin resmi ideolojisi haline geldi. <\/font><\/p>\n

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\u0130ttihat Terakkinin Alman ulusal fa\u015fizminden esinlenerek
\nolu\u015fturdu\u011fu \u201cBeyaz T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc-milliyet\u00e7i ideoloji ile K\u00fcrdistan ve Anadolu’da
\nvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren K\u00fcrt, Ermeni, Laz, Pomak, Terekeme ve \u00c7erkez halklar\u0131n dil
\nve k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerinin inkar\u0131 sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tek dil, tek k\u00fclt\u00fcr T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme
\nmodeline uygun olarak d\u00fczenlendi. \u201cTekle\u015ftirme politikas\u0131n\u0131n uygulamaya kondu\u011fu
\nasimilasyon politikas\u0131n\u0131n kurumla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk alan ise okullar oldu.
\n\u00d6zellikle K\u00fcrtlerin asimile edilmesi i\u00e7in yat\u0131l\u0131 okullar\u0131n kurulmas\u0131
\nkararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/font><\/p>\n

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K\u00fcrdistan ve Anadolu halklar\u0131n\u0131n asimilasyonun bir devlet
\npolitikas\u0131 olarak uygulamaya konulmas\u0131, devletin ve do\u011fal olarak \u0130ttihat
\nTerakkinin tek partisi CHP ve \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc,
\n5 May\u0131s 1925 tarihinde Muallimler Birli\u011fi’nde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada, \u201cMilli terbiye
\nistiyoruz bu ne demektir? Bizim terbiyemiz kendimizin olacak ve kendimiz i\u00e7in
\nolacakt\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu topraklara T\u00fcrk mahiyeti veren bir T\u00fcrk var. Fakat bu
\nmillet hen\u00fcz istedi\u011fimiz yekpare millet manzaras\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermiyor. Bu yekpare
\nmilliyet i\u00e7inde yabanc\u0131 harslar hep erimelidir. Bu milliyet k\u00fctlesi i\u00e7inde ayr\u0131
\nmedeniyetler olamaz. Bu vatan i\u015fte tek olan bu milletin ve bu milliyetindir. Bu
\nmemlekette her \u015feref ve her nimet T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve kendisini T\u00fcrk hissedenlere
\nverilecektir ifadeleriyle dile getirmi\u015ftir. <\/font><\/p>\n

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T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck ve asimilasyon politikas\u0131n\u0131n ideologlar\u0131 ise
\n\u2018T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck\u2019 teorisyeni Frans\u0131z vatanda\u015f\u0131 Yahudi Leon
\nCohen, T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ve T\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin mucitlerinden Yahudi Armin Herman
\nVambery, T\u00fcrk \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131lardan \u00e7ok daha \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 bir \u201c\u00e7izgiyi savunan bir di\u011fer Yahudi
\nise Avram Galanti ve aslen K\u00fcrt Ziya G\u00f6kalp\u2019tir.<\/span><\/font><\/p>\n

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K\u0131z\u0131lderili Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131ndan K\u00fcrt
\nSoyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na<\/font><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Beyaz T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn teorisyenli\u011fini yapan\u00a0 <\/span>Avram Galanti ve Ziya G\u00f6kalp gibi dev\u015firme
\nideologlar, \u00fcst\u00fcn \u0131rk oldu\u011funu iddia ettikleri beyaz T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn k\u00f6klerini
\nS\u00fcmerlere kadar g\u00f6t\u00fcrmektedirler. Ziya G\u00f6kalp ve Galanti, T\u00fcrklerin tarihinin
\nS\u00fcmerlerden ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etmektedirler. Daha sonra Muazzez \u0130lmiye\u00e7\u0131\u011f gibi
\nT\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc yazarlarda bu tezi do\u011frulamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. T\u00fcrk devletinin
\nasimilasyon politikalar\u0131n\u0131n teorisyeni olan Ziya G\u00f6kalp ve Galanti, S\u00fcmer
\ntap\u0131naklar\u0131ndaki rahip-krallar\u0131n Eduba ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 okullarda
\nk\u00f6lele\u015ftirdikleri halklar\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 e\u011fitim ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda e\u011fiterek otoriter
\nrejimlerinin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesinde temel g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak kulland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve bunda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131
\nolduklar\u0131n\u0131 belirterek benzeri bir y\u00f6ntemin g\u00fcncellenerek uygulanabilece\u011fini
\nsavunmu\u015flard\u0131r. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonu ve 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda ABD\u2019nin K\u0131z\u0131lderili
\nhalklar\u0131n\u0131n asimilasyonu ve entegrasyonu i\u00e7in uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 politikalar,
\n1892\u2019de\u00a0 <\/span>II. Abd\u00fclhamid taraf\u0131ndan, K\u00fcrt
\n\u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n asimilasyonu i\u00e7in A\u015firet mektepleri ad\u0131yla g\u00fcncellenerek hayata
\nge\u00e7irilmi\u015ftir. <\/font><\/p>\n

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Ba\u015fka halklardan dev\u015firilmi\u015f beyaz T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn teorisyenleri,
\n\u00f6rnek ald\u0131klar\u0131 ABD\u2019nin K\u0131z\u0131lderili soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 tarihin en ac\u0131 \u00f6rnekleri aras\u0131nda
\nyer almaktad\u0131r. Avram Galanti ve Ziya G\u00f6kalp\u2019in K\u00fcrtlerin asimile edilmesi i\u00e7in
\n\u00f6rnek ald\u0131klar\u0131 ABD\u2019nin K\u0131z\u0131lderili soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonu ve 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n
\nba\u015f\u0131nda ABD ve Kanada devletlerinin K\u0131z\u0131lderililere kar\u015f\u0131 uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 resmi
\n\u201cuygarla\u015ft\u0131rma politikas\u0131 olarak g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015fti. Bu entegrasyon politikas\u0131
\nile K\u0131z\u0131lderililerin geleneklerini-k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini, dillerini ve kabile ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131
\nortadan kald\u0131rmak ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bunun yerine Avro Amerikan k\u00fclt\u00fcrel gelenekleri
\nK\u0131z\u0131lderililere \u00f6\u011fretilecekti.<\/font><\/p>\n

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ABD ve Kanada devletlerinin K\u0131z\u0131lderililere kar\u015f\u0131 uygulanan asimilasyon
\npolitikalar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6rt ana hedefi bulunuyordu.<\/font><\/p>\n

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    \n <\/font><\/p>\n
  • K\u0131z\u0131lderililerin yerlerinden s\u00fcr\u00fclerek b\u00fcy\u00fck
    \n \u015fehirlere ya da toplama kamplar\u0131na al\u0131narak ehlile\u015ftirilmesi.<\/font><\/li>\n


    \n <\/font><\/p>\n

  • Tar\u0131ma dayal\u0131 ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imi geli\u015ftirilerek, avc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa
    \n dayal\u0131, g\u00f6\u00e7ebe ve m\u00fclkiyet kavram\u0131 olmayan ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imini ortadan
    \n kald\u0131rmak.<\/font><\/li>\n


    \n <\/font><\/p>\n

  • \u00a0<\/span>Geleneksel
    \n giyim tarz\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rarak, yaln\u0131zca beyazlar\u0131n giyim tarz\u0131n\u0131
    \n ge\u00e7erli k\u0131lmak.<\/font><\/li>\n


    \n <\/font><\/p>\n

  • H\u0131ristiyanla\u015ft\u0131rmak yoluyla K\u0131z\u0131lderililerin
    \n geleneksel inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 silmek. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlardan daha da \u015fiddetli olarak
    \n uygulanan e\u011fitim yoluyla \u2018uygarla\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131\u2019 ise ayr\u0131ca incelemek gerekir.<\/font><\/li>\n


    \n<\/font><\/ul>\n

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    ABD\u2019de de \u00fclke i\u00e7ine hizmet vermek amac\u0131yla \u201cboarding school
    \nisimli yat\u0131l\u0131 K\u0131z\u0131lderili kolejleri kuruluyordu. Bu asimilasyon okullar\u0131
    \nK\u0131z\u0131lderili halk\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na \u2018iyi bir e\u011fitim sa\u011flamak\u2019 amac\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcd\u00fcyordu.
    \nEn tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015flar\u0131 olan Pennsylvania\u2019daki Carlisle K\u0131z\u0131lderili Okulu 1879\u2019da
    \n\u00fclkenin d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndan gelen K\u0131z\u0131lderili \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmeye
    \nba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. <\/font><\/p>\n

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    E\u011fitime dayal\u0131 asimilasyon ve beraberinde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen
    \nK\u0131z\u0131lderili halk\u0131n\u0131n \u2018uygarla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak\u2019 Amerikan k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne uyumlu hale
    \ngetirilmi\u015fti. ABD ve Kanada devletleri bunu ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Avram Galanti ve Ziya
    \nG\u00f6kalp, T\u00fcrk devletinin de bunu ba\u015farabilece\u011fini, K\u00fcrtlerden tamamen bu \u015fekilde
    \nkurtulabileceklerini dile getiriyorlard\u0131.<\/font><\/p>\n

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    Dev\u015firmeci \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 Sistemin Asimilasyoncu Politikalar\u0131<\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n

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    Yahudi dev\u015firmesi Avram Galanti,
    \nK\u00fcrdistan ve Anadolu halklar\u0131n\u0131n inkar ve asimilasyonuna \u00f6nemli katk\u0131lar
    \nsunmu\u015ftur.\u00a0 <\/span>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki t\u00fcm halklar\u0131n
    \nasimilasyonunu savunmu\u015f, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u201ctek \u00e7i anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n teorisyeni olmu\u015ftur.
    \nGalanti\u2019ye g\u00f6re ulus olman\u0131n temel dayana\u011f\u0131, ortak dildir. T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin, t\u00fcm
    \nunsurlar\u0131 \u2018ulus\u2019 \u015femsiyesi alt\u0131nda toplayan bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi oldu\u011funu
    \nsavunmaktad\u0131r. Ona g\u00f6re dil ayn\u0131 zamanda k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yap\u0131y\u0131 da belirlemektedir.
    \nT\u00fcrk\u00e7e, \u2018T\u00fcrk\u2019 olman\u0131n gere\u011fi, ana ilkesidir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de farkl\u0131 dillerin
    \nkonu\u015fulmas\u0131na asla izin verilmemelidir. Galanti\u2019ye g\u00f6re, e\u011fitim de T\u00fcrk\u00e7eyi en
    \niyi \u015fekilde yayacak ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Okul, Galanti a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da temel \u00f6\u011fedir. Ancak
    \nulusal okullar a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r, tek dilde e\u011fitim yap\u0131l\u0131rsa T\u00fcrk ulusunun birlik
    \nolabilece\u011fini savunur. <\/span>T\u00fcrkle\u015fmenin bir tek yolu vard\u0131r: \u201cT\u00fcrk
    \nmektepleri yolunda kendilerinde tekil tedrisat\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e yapan mekteplerdir. Tek bir dili, tek bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc t\u00fcm T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye\u00a0 <\/span>yaymak, halklara benimsetmek, onlar\u0131 asimle
    \nettirmek i\u00e7in okullar \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Ulusal birlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bunun gere\u011fi
    \nyerine getirilmelidir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini savunmu\u015ftur.<\/span> Ziya G\u00f6kalp’e g\u00f6re\u00a0 <\/span>ise e\u011fitim milli oldu\u011fu g\u00fcn, ister istemez
    \nmodem de olacakt\u0131r. E\u011fitimin bir amac\u0131 da mill\u00ee bireyler yeti\u015ftirmektir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc
    \nbu \u00f6zellikteki ki\u015filer ulus toplulu\u011funun se\u00e7kin s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 meydana getirecektir.<\/font><\/p>\n

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    Bu ama\u00e7la 3 Mart 1924’te \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan Tevhid-i Tedrisat Yasas\u0131yla
    \ninkar ve asimilasyonu temel alan \u201ce\u011fitim-\u00f6\u011fretimin yolu a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca
    \n\u201c\u015eark Islahat Plan\u0131 da uygulamaya konulmu\u015ftur. Bu plan\u0131n 14. ve 17. maddesi
    \n\u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/font><\/p>\n

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      \n <\/font><\/p>\n
    • Madde 14. Malatya, Elaz\u0131\u011f, Diyarbak\u0131r, Bitlis, Van,
      \n Mu\u015f, Varto, Urfa, Ergani, Hozat, Erci\u015f, Adilcevaz, Ahlat, Palu, \u00c7arsancak,
      \n \u00c7emi\u015fgezek, Ovac\u0131k, Ad\u0131yaman, Besni, Hekimhan, Birecik, \u00c7ermik vilayet ve
      \n kazalar\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcmet ve belediyelerinde, dairelerinde ve di\u011fer
      \n kurulu\u015flar\u0131nda, okullar\u0131nda \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131 ve pazarda T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’den ba\u015fka dil
      \n kullananlar, h\u00fck\u00fcmet ve belediyenin emirlerine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131kla su\u00e7lanarak
      \n cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/font><\/li>\n


      \n <\/font><\/p>\n

    • Madde 17. F\u0131rat’\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki illerin bat\u0131
      \n b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k bi\u00e7imde yerle\u015fmi\u015f K\u00fcrtlerin K\u00fcrt\u00e7e konu\u015fmalar\u0131
      \n mutlaka yasaklanacakt\u0131r ve k\u0131z okullar\u0131na \u00f6nem verilerek, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n
      \n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fmalar\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/font><\/li>\n


      \n<\/font><\/ul>\n

      <\/p>\n

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      Mustafa Kemal\u2019den sonra
      \nCumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ilen<\/span> Yahudi dev\u015firmesi beyaz-T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc\u00a0 <\/span>\u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc’n\u00fcn CHP\u2019nin az\u0131nl\u0131klardan sorumlu
      \n9. b\u00fcrosuna haz\u0131rlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Anadolu ve K\u00fcrdistan
      \nhalklar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 uygulamaya koydu\u011fu <\/span>\u015eark Islahat Raporu Ziya G\u00f6kalp ve
      \nGalanti\u2019nin h\u00fck\u00fcmete sundu\u011fu \u00f6neriler dikkate al\u0131narak haz\u0131rland\u0131.
      \n\u00d6zellikle\u00a0 <\/span>K\u00fcrt \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n ailelerinden
      \nuzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p asimile edilmesi ve T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in\u00a0 <\/span>yat\u0131l\u0131 e\u011fitim merkezlerinin kurulmas\u0131
      \nkararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

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      T\u00fcrk devletinin tek\u00e7i-\u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 partisi Cumhuriyet Halk
      \nPartisi’nin az\u0131nl\u0131klardan sorumlu 9. B\u00fcrosu taraf\u0131ndan Eyl\u00fcl 1925\u2019te haz\u0131rlanan
      \nve CHP Genel Sekreterli\u011fi’ne sunulan \u015eark Islahat Plan\u0131n\u0131n bir maddesinde
      \nK\u00fcrt\u00e7e konu\u015fman\u0131n cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 istenirken, bir maddesinde “Aslen T\u00fcrk
      \nolan ve fakat K\u00fcrtl\u00fc\u011fe teness\u00fcl etmek \u00fczere bulunan mevkide ve Siirt, Mardin,
      \nSavur gibi ahalisi Arap\u00e7a konu\u015fan mahallerde T\u00fcrk Ocaklar\u0131 ve mektep a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131
      \nve bilhassa her t\u00fcrl\u00fc fedakarl\u0131k iktiham olunarak m\u00fckemmel k\u0131z mektepleri tesis
      \nve k\u0131zlar\u0131n mekteplere ra\u011fbetlerinin suver-i adide ile temini laz\u0131md\u0131r”
      \ndenilirken, yat\u0131l\u0131 okullar\u0131nda ‘T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme’ politikalar\u0131 ile kuruldu\u011funun
      \nkan\u0131t\u0131 ise plan\u0131n “Dersim, tercihan ve m\u00fcstacelen leyli iptidailer
      \n(yat\u0131l\u0131 okullar) suretiyle K\u00fcrtl\u00fc\u011fe kar\u0131\u015fmaktan bir an evvel
      \nkurtar\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r” maddesi olmu\u015ftur. Ayn\u0131 raporda \u015fu belirlemelere de yer
      \nverilmi\u015ftir: \u201cTek bir dil konu\u015fan k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve \u00fclk\u00fc birli\u011fi ile birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131
      \nbulunan yurtta\u015flardan m\u00fcrekkep (olu\u015fmu\u015f) siyasi ve i\u00e7timai bir b\u00fct\u00fcn meydana
      \ngetirmek, yani vatan i\u00e7inde ana- dili tek, \u00fclk\u00fcs\u00fc tek birlik bir millet
      \nyaratmakt\u0131r. Bu memlekette her \u015ferefin ve nimetin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve kendisini T\u00fcrk
      \nhissederek T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fckten ba\u015fka bir kavmiyete ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermeyenlere has
      \noldu\u011funun tam bir \u015fuurla zihinlere nak\u015f edilmesinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.
      \nBir toplulu\u011fun temsilinin (asimilasyonunun) ilk \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n o toplulu\u011fa kendi
      \ndilimizi \u00f6\u011fretmek oldu\u011fu bir m\u00fctearifedir.\u00a0
      \n<\/span>Bir dilin de ilk evvel bu mant\u0131k ve m\u00fcessir yay\u0131n ve vas\u0131tas\u0131 okuyup
      \nyazmakt\u0131r. \u0130nsanl\u0131k, b\u00fcy\u00fck kitlelerin okuyup yazmas\u0131n\u0131n hen\u00fcz okuldan ba\u015fka bir
      \nvas\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131 bulamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Binaenaleyh bizim de bu vas\u0131taya m\u00fcracaat\u0131m\u0131z
      \nzaruridir. Yani biz de bu B\u00f6lge’deki insanlara kendi dilimizde okuyup yazmak
      \n\u00f6\u011fretece\u011fiz ve bunun i\u00e7in Maarif Te\u015fkilat\u0131 yapaca\u011f\u0131z denilmektedir.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

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      \u015eark Islahat Plan\u0131n\u0131n “Temsil \u0130\u015finde Maarif Te\u015fkilat\u0131’n\u0131n
      \nRol\u00fc” b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde ise asimilasyon i\u00e7in bir dizi \u00f6nlem \u00f6nerisinde
      \nbulunulmu\u015ftur:<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

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      –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
      \n<\/span><\/span>Mecburi ilk\u00f6\u011fretimin devlet yard\u0131m\u0131yla tam tatbiki.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
      \n<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Bu b\u00f6lgede ilk
      \na\u011f\u0131zda m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran K\u00fcrt olan k\u00f6ylerde okul a\u00e7\u0131lmayarak ilk \u00f6nce n\u00fcfusu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k
      \nolan k\u00f6ylerde a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131. \u015eimdiye kadar yap\u0131lan tecr\u00fcbelerden okul bulunan muhtelif
      \nk\u00f6ylerde K\u00fcrt \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015ftuklar\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin evlere girdi\u011fi,
      \nokul bulunmayan muhtelit (kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k) yerlerde ise T\u00fcrk \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n K\u00fcrt\u00e7e
      \nkonu\u015farak T\u00fcrklerin K\u00fcrtle\u015fti\u011fi her zaman g\u00f6r\u00fclen ve idare adamlar\u0131m\u0131zca tespit
      \nedilen hadiselerdir.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

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      –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
      \n<\/span><\/span>Bir taraftan muhtelif k\u00f6ylerde ilk\u00f6\u011fretimi yayarken
      \ndi\u011fer taraftan da hususi bir Maarif Te\u015fkilat\u0131’yla sakinleri m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran K\u00fcrt
      \nolan k\u00f6ylerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 i\u00e7in B\u00f6lge Yat\u0131l\u0131 \u0130lkokullar\u0131 tesisine ba\u015flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.
      \nBu okullar\u0131n hedefi bu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 anadillerini unutturarak, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’yi ana dili
      \nyerine ikame etmek olacakt\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in bu okullar yar\u0131 yar\u0131ya T\u00fcrk
      \n\u00e7ocuklar\u0131ndan te\u015fekk\u00fcl etmelidir.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
      \n<\/span><\/span>Bir dili en iyi ve kolay \u00f6\u011freten anad\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in bu
      \nm\u0131nt\u0131kalarda k\u0131zlar\u0131n tahsiline bilhassa itina etmek temsili (asimilasyonu) bir
      \nkat daha kolayla\u015ft\u0131racakt\u0131r. Aslen T\u00fcrk olan ve fakat K\u00fcrtl\u00fc\u011fe teness\u00fcl etmek
      \n\u00fczere bulunan mevkide ve Siirt, Mardin, Savur gibi ahalisi Arap\u00e7a konu\u015fan
      \nmahallerde T\u00fcrk Ocaklar\u0131 ve mektep a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bilhassa her t\u00fcrl\u00fc fedakarl\u0131k
      \niktiham olunarak m\u00fckemmel k\u0131z mektepleri tesis ve k\u0131zlar\u0131n mekteplere
      \nra\u011fbetlerinin suver-i adide ile temini laz\u0131md\u0131r.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
      \n<\/span><\/span>Kurulacak olan Maarif Te\u015fkilat\u0131’nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak
      \n\u00f6\u011fretmenlerin anadillerinin K\u00fcrt\u00e7e olmamas\u0131na hususi surette itina ve dikkat
      \nedilmelidir. <\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
      \n<\/span><\/span>Malatya, Elaziz, Diyar\u0131bekir, Bitlis, Van, Mu\u015f, Urfa,
      \nErganimadeni vilayetleri, Ergani, Hekimhan, Birecik kazalar\u0131 merkezlerinde
      \nmaarife \u00e7ok ehemmiyet vermek, oradaki T\u00fcrklere T\u00fcrkl\u00fcklerini anlatmak, T\u00fcrk
      \nOcaklar\u0131, Belediye ve H\u00fck\u00fcmetler vas\u0131tas\u0131yla kasabalara gelen K\u00fcrtleri T\u00fcrk\u00e7e
      \n\u00f6\u011frenme\u011fe mecbur k\u0131lmak, bu mahallerde mevcut olan ve yeniden a\u00e7\u0131lacak olan
      \norta mektepler ile leyli iptidai (yat\u0131l\u0131) mekteplerine garp vilayetlerimiz
      \nhalk\u0131ndan mefkure sahibi muallim intihab ve tayin etmek ve bu ve\u00e7hile T\u00fcrkler
      \n\u00fczerindeki K\u00fcrt lisan\u0131 hakimiyetini refetmek. <\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
      \n<\/span><\/span>Bir toplulu\u011fun temsilinin (asimilasyonunun) ilk
      \n\u015fart\u0131n\u0131n o toplulu\u011fa kendi dilimizi \u00f6\u011fretmek oldu\u011fu bir m\u00fctearifedir (bilinen
      \n\u015feydir). Bir dilin de ilk evvel bu mant\u0131k ve m\u00fcessir yay\u0131n ve vas\u0131tas\u0131 okuyup
      \nyazmakt\u0131r. \u0130nsanl\u0131k, b\u00fcy\u00fck kitlelerin okuyup yazmas\u0131n\u0131n hen\u00fcz okuldan ba\u015fka bir
      \nvas\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131 bulamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bizim de bu vas\u0131taya m\u00fcrecaat\u0131m\u0131z zaruridir. B\u00f6lgedeki
      \ninsanlara kendi dilimizde okuyup yazmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretmek zorunday\u0131z. Bu \u015fekilde\u00a0 <\/span>leyli iptidailer (yat\u0131l\u0131 okullar) suretiyle
      \ntercihan ve m\u00fcstacelen b\u00f6lgeler K\u00fcrtl\u00fc\u011fe kar\u0131\u015fmaktan bir an evvel
      \nkurtar\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
      \n<\/span><\/span>Bu memlekette her \u015ferefin ve nimetin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve
      \nkendisini T\u00fcrk hissederek T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fckten ba\u015fka bir kavmiyete ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k
      \ng\u00f6stermeyenlere has oldu\u011funun tam bir \u015fuurla zihinlere nak\u015f edilmesi.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
      \n<\/span><\/span>\u015eehir ve kasabalar\u0131n temsil i\u015findeki rollerini arz
      \nederken buralarda mecburi ilk \u00f6\u011fretimin devlet yard\u0131m\u0131yla tam tatbikini teklif
      \netmi\u015ftim. \u0130lk i\u015f olarak bunun ele al\u0131nmas\u0131.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
      \n<\/span><\/span>Bu esaslar dahilinde kurulacak olan Maarif
      \nTe\u015fkilat\u0131’nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin anadillerinin K\u00fcrt\u00e7e olmamas\u0131na hususi
      \nsurette itina ve dikkat edilmelidir.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi’nin az\u0131nl\u0131klardan sorumlu 9. B\u00fcrosu
      \ntaraf\u0131ndan\u00a0 <\/span>haz\u0131rlanan ve \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019ye
      \nsunulan K\u00fcrt halk\u0131n\u0131n asimilasyonu esas alan \u015eark Islahat Plan\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131
      \ni\u00e7in Bitlis, Diyarbak\u0131r, Van, Hakkari,Mu\u015f, Mardin, Urfa, Siirt vilayetlerini
      \nkapsayan Birinci Umumi M\u00fcfetti\u015fli\u011fi kuruldu. M\u00fcfetti\u015flik, yak\u0131n bir d\u00f6nemde
      \nK\u00fcrdistan\u2019da uygulanan Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc Hal Valili\u011fi niteli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131yordu. CHP
      \nd\u00f6neminde K\u00fcrdistan\u2019daki valiler ayn\u0131 zamanda CHP\u2019nin il ba\u015fkan\u0131 durumunda
      \nolduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a atanan m\u00fcfetti\u015f hem genel vali hem de CHP\u2019nin
      \n\u201cAz\u0131nl\u0131klardan sorumlu b\u00fcro nun ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131yordu. K\u00fcrdistan\u2019dan sorumlu
      \nbirinci umumi m\u00fcfetti\u015fli\u011fine \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn talimat\u0131yla Abidin \u00d6zmen
      \natanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zmen, K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a gelir gelmez h\u00fck\u00fcmete b\u00f6lgesinin i\u00e7 siyasal
      \ndurumunu anlatan ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir rapor haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Raporda, b\u00f6lge insan\u0131n\u0131n
      \nT\u00fcrk\u00e7e ile konu\u015fur hale getirilmesi ve k\u00f6y \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n kurulacak yat\u0131l\u0131 okullarda
      \ne\u011fitim g\u00f6rmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmektedir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te
      \nErzurum\u2019da 139 okul a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Okul oran\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6lge ortalamas\u0131ndan y\u00fcksek
      \noldu\u011fu di\u011fer yerler ise Erzincan, Antep, Malatya, Elaz\u0131\u011f, Kars, A\u011fr\u0131, I\u011fd\u0131r,
      \nMara\u015f, Mu\u015f, Siirt ve Urfa olurken Hakkari sonuncu s\u0131rada yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      Abidin \u00d6zmen\u2019in \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019ye g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi raporda,
      \nK\u00fcrdistan\u2019da (\u015eark\u2019ta) a\u00e7\u0131lan okullara tayin edilen\u00a0 <\/span>yerli ve eski \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin bat\u0131ya tayin
      \nedilerek yerlerine\u00a0 <\/span>T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve
      \ngeleneklerini iyi bilen idealist ve ruh sahibi \u00f6\u011fretmenler tayin edilmesinin
      \nbir zaruriyet oldu\u011fu belirtilmektedir.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn, K\u00fcrdistan\u2019dan sorumlu genel m\u00fcfetti\u015fi Abidin
      \n\u00d6zmen\u2019in \u00f6zellikle Serhat b\u00f6lgesinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ve g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi raporlara
      \nili\u015fkin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmede y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen asimilasyon politikas\u0131n\u0131n ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131
      \nve boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 ele almaktad\u0131r:<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
      \n<\/span><\/span>A\u011fr\u0131\u2019da K\u00fcrtlerin medenile\u015fip, s\u00fckunet bulmalar\u0131 bile
      \nkard\u0131r. Karak\u00f6se, h\u00fck\u00fcmete ba\u011fl\u0131 bir K\u00fcrt \u015fehridir. Erzincan K\u00fcrt merkezi
      \nolursa K\u00fcrdistan’\u0131n kurulmas\u0131ndan korkar\u0131m. <\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
      \n<\/span><\/span>I\u011fd\u0131r’da K\u00fcrtlerin yerinden oynat\u0131lmas\u0131na ne l\u00fczum, ne
      \nimkan vard\u0131r. T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011fe hevesli bir Arap \u015fehri olan Siirt’in do\u011fuya naklini
      \ntercih ederim.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
      \n<\/span><\/span>Van ve Erzincan’da acele olarak, Mu\u015f Ovas\u0131’nda tedricen
      \nve Elaz\u0131\u011f Ovas\u0131’nda kuvvetli T\u00fcrk kitleleri v\u00fccuda getirmek zorunday\u0131z.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
      \n<\/span><\/span>T\u00fcrklerle K\u00fcrtler ayn\u0131 okulda okumal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu K\u00fcrtleri
      \nT\u00fcrkle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in etkili olacakt\u0131r.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
      \n<\/span><\/span>\u015eark illerinden k\u0131z al\u0131p vermelerin
      \nyayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u015fekilde aile ve \u00e7evresinin T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirilmesi
      \nsa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
      \n<\/span><\/span>\u015eark illerinde T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fmay\u0131 sevdirecek kapsaml\u0131 bir
      \nprogram uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      K\u00fcrt halk\u0131n\u0131n asimilasyon politikalar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u0130ttihat
      \nTerakki \u00fcyesi olan CHP\u2019nin \u00c7ank\u0131r\u0131 milletvekili ve ayn\u0131 zamanda Meclis Ba\u015fkan\u0131
      \nAbd\u00fclhalik Renda’da bir K\u00fcrt raporu haz\u0131rlayarak meclise sunmu\u015ftur. \u201c\u015eark\u0131
      \nkendimize mal etmek i\u00e7in en m\u00fchim tedbir olarak bunlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyorum. Arz edece\u011fim
      \ntedabir-i saire ile beraber bu tedbirin icras\u0131 bize \u015eark vilayetlerimizi
      \nkazand\u0131racakt\u0131r dedi\u011fi, \u201c\u015eark vilayetlerindeki K\u00fcrtlerin tem sili ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131
      \nraporda \u015fu \u00f6nerilere yer verilmi\u015ftir: <\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
      \n<\/span><\/span>T\u00fcrk lisan\u0131n\u0131n hakimiyeti temin edilir edilmez k\u0131z al\u0131p
      \nvermek, ba\u015fka lisan\u0131 men etmek, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fmayanlara muamelatta suubet
      \n(zorluk) g\u00f6stermek, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fanlara suhulet (kolayl\u0131k) g\u00f6stermek, m\u00fckafat
      \nvermek gibi bir\u00e7ok vesait ile ovalara inecek olan K\u00fcrtleri temsil (asimile)
      \netmek imkan\u0131 has\u0131l olur. <\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
      \n<\/span><\/span>Malatya, Elaziz, Diyar\u0131bekir, Bitlis, Van, Mu\u015f, Urfa,
      \nErganimadeni vilayetleri, Ergani, Hekimhan, Birecik kazalar\u0131 merkezlerinde
      \nmaarife \u00e7ok ehemmiyet vermek, oradaki T\u00fcrklere T\u00fcrkl\u00fcklerini anlatmak, T\u00fcrk
      \nOcaklar\u0131, Belediye ve H\u00fck\u00fcmetler vas\u0131tas\u0131yla kasabalara gelen K\u00fcrtleri T\u00fcrk\u00e7e
      \n\u00f6\u011frenme\u011fe mecbur k\u0131lmak, bu mahallerde mevcut olan ve yeniden a\u00e7\u0131lacak olan
      \norta mektepler ile leyli iptidai (yat\u0131l\u0131) mekteplerine garp vilayetlerimiz
      \nhalk\u0131ndan mefkure sahibi muallim intihab ve tayin etmek ve bu ve\u00e7hile T\u00fcrkler
      \n\u00fczerindeki K\u00fcrt lisan\u0131 hakimiyetini refetmek.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      K\u00fcrt halk\u0131n\u0131n inkar\u0131-yok edilmesi ve asimilasyonu \u00fczerine
      \nkendi iktidar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0 <\/span>in\u015fa eden \u0130ttihat
      \nTerakki zihniyetiyle kurulan T\u00fcrk\u00a0
      \n<\/span>devletinin \u2018tek\u2019\u00e7i partisi CHP taraf\u0131ndan, son olarak 14 Haziran 1934’de
      \nK\u00fcrtlerin tehciri ve asimilasyonuna y\u00f6nelik “Mecburi \u0130skan Kanunu ve
      \n\u201cSoyad\u0131 kanunu \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kanunlar, devletin K\u00fcrtlere y\u00f6nelik
      \nCumhuriyet tarihi boyunca ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar s\u00fcren devletin resmi politikas\u0131
      \nolarak da kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. <\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      Mecburi \u0130skan Kanunu ile K\u00fcrtler Orta Anadolu’ya s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.
      \nK\u00fcrdistan\u2019a da devlet i\u00e7in tehlike olu\u015fturan Y\u00f6r\u00fck olarak da bilinen T\u00fcrkmenler
      \nyerle\u015ftirilerek onlara ekonomik ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar tan\u0131n\u0131r. Topraklar\u0131n kopart\u0131lm\u0131\u015f
      \nT\u00fcrkmenlerle K\u00fcrtler asimle edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Sistem d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olan T\u00fcrkmenler
      \nehlile\u015ftirilirken, bunlar \u00fczerinden K\u00fcrtler asimilasyona tabi tutulur. <\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      \u0130skan kanunun d\u00f6rt maddesine g\u00f6re K\u00fcrtlerin Akdeniz, Ege,
      \nMarmara ve Trakya b\u00f6lgelerine yerle\u015ftirilmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
      \n<\/span><\/span>Madde 11-A. maddesi: Anadili T\u00fcrk\u00e7e olmayanlardan toplu
      \nolmak \u00fczere yeniden k\u00f6y ve mahalle, i\u015f\u00e7i ve sanat\u00e7\u0131 k\u00fcmesi kurulmas\u0131 veya bu
      \ngibi kimselerin bir k\u00f6y\u00fc, bir mahalleyi bir i\u015fi veya bir sanat\u0131 kendi
      \nsoyda\u015flar\u0131na inhisar ettirmeleri (verilmesi) yasakt\u0131r. <\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
      \n<\/span><\/span>Madde 11. B. T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 olmayan ve T\u00fcrk
      \nk\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 olup da T\u00fcrk\u00e7eden ba\u015fka dil konu\u015fanlar hakk\u0131ndaki harsi
      \n(k\u00fclt\u00fcrel), askeri, i\u00e7timai, ve inzibati sebeplerle toptan olmamak \u015fart\u0131yla
      \nba\u015fka yerlere nakil edilecektir. <\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
      \n<\/span><\/span>Madde 12: K\u00fcrtler ufak ufak kafilelere ayr\u0131l\u0131p,
      \nsilahlar\u0131ndan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131larak de\u011fi\u015fik b\u00f6lgelere g\u00f6nderilecek ve orada genel
      \nn\u00fcfusun y\u00fczde be\u015fini ge\u00e7meyecektir. <\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
      \n<\/span><\/span>Madde 13. 3. f\u0131rkas\u0131: T\u00fcrk \u0131rk\u0131ndan olmayanlar\u0131n,
      \nserpi\u015ftirme suretiyle k\u00f6ylere ve ayr\u0131 mahalle veya k\u00fcme te\u015fkil edemeyecek
      \n\u015fekilde kasaba veya \u015fehirlere iskan\u0131 mecburidir. <\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      \u00c7\u0131kart\u0131lan di\u011fer bir kanun ise Soyad\u0131 ve K\u0131l\u0131k-K\u0131yafet kanunu
      \nolmu\u015ftur. Bu kanuna dayal\u0131 olarak K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da T\u00fcrk \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade eden ya
      \nda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 soy isimleri kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle direni\u015f ve isyanlar\u0131n
      \noldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde bu tarz bir politika y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. K\u0131l\u0131k-k\u0131yafet kanunu ile
      \nde K\u00fcrtlerin ulusal k\u0131yafetlerini kullanmalar\u0131 yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Her iki kanunun
      \n\u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131ndaki temel ama\u00e7 K\u00fcrtleri temsil eden b\u00fct\u00fcn de\u011ferler yok edilmek
      \nisteniyordu.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      Son olarak \u0130ttihat Terakki zihniyetiyle kurulan devletinin
      \nba\u015fbakan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 5 A\u011fustos 1942’de okunan, inkar ve asimilasyon
      \npolitikas\u0131n\u0131n resmi belgesi niteli\u011findeki programda: \u201cBiz T\u00fcrk\u00fcz, T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcy\u00fcz ve
      \ndaima T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc kalaca\u011f\u0131z. Bizim i\u00e7in T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck bir kan meselesi oldu\u011fu kadar bir
      \nvicdan ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr meselesidir. \u0130stedi\u011fimiz sadece T\u00fcrk milletinin hakimiyetidir
      \nifadelerine yer verilmektedir.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      \u0130ttihat Terakki\u2019nin CHP \u00fczerinden kurulan Cumhuriyeti ele
      \nge\u00e7irmesi ard\u0131ndan \u015eark Islahat Plan\u0131, Mecburi \u0130skan ve Soyad\u0131 kanunlar\u0131 ve
      \n\u0130stiklal Mahkemeleri ile K\u00fcrtlerin inkar\u0131, asimilasyonu i\u00e7in devletin b\u00fct\u00fcn
      \nimkanlar\u0131 seferber edilmi\u015ftir.\u00a0 <\/span><\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      Beyaz Asimilasyon<\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      1924\u2019ten sonra \u0130ttihat Terakki\u2019nin iktidara geli\u015fi ard\u0131ndan
      \nuygulamaya konulan s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ve asimilasyon politikas\u0131 Rumeli, Anadolu ve
      \nK\u00fcrdistan\u2019da bulunan halklara kar\u015f\u0131 ac\u0131mas\u0131z bir \u015fekilde uyguland\u0131.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde az\u0131nl\u0131klara y\u00f6nelik bask\u0131lar\u0131n ve onlar\u0131n
      \nAnadolu ve K\u00fcrdistan’dan kovma siyasetinin iki belirleyici nedeni vard\u0131
      \nbunlardan biri Anadolu’nun T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirilmesi, di\u011feri ise, ekonomik ya\u015fam\u0131n bir
      \n\u00e7ok alan\u0131nda kurumla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, sermaye ve gayrimenkul biriktirmi\u015f az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131
      \nkovarak, onlar\u0131n mallar\u0131na el koyulmas\u0131yd\u0131.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar, Ermenileri Tehcir’le, Rumlar\u0131 ve Bulgarlar\u0131
      \nM\u00fcbadele’yle temizlediler. Tehcir Kanunu 27 May\u0131s 1915’de kabul edildi ve d\u00f6rt
      \ng\u00fcn sonra 1 Haziran’da uygulanmaya ba\u015flanmas\u0131yla, Anadolu tarihinin en ac\u0131, en
      \nutan\u00e7 verici sayfalar\u0131ndan biri a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu. <\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      M\u00fcbadele, 1923’de y\u0131l\u0131nda Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131’na ek protokol
      \nuyar\u0131nca K\u00fcrdistan ve K\u00fcrt inkar\u0131 uluslar aras\u0131 devletlerin deste\u011fiyle
      \nger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilirken, Anadolu\u2019da ki Rumlar\u0131n Yunanistan\u2019a, Yunanistan’daki
      \nT\u00fcrklerin Anadolu\u2019ya zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn ad\u0131 oldu. T\u00fcrk ve Yunan h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri aras\u0131nda
      \nimzalanan M\u00fcbadele S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019ne g\u00f6re \u201c1 May\u0131s 1923’ten itibaren T\u00fcrkiye’deki
      \nRum Ortodoks dinine mensup T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131 ile, Yunanistan’daki, \u0130slam dinine
      \nmensup Yunan vatanda\u015flar\u0131 zorunlu m\u00fcbadeleye tabi tutulacaklar. denilmi\u015fti. <\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar, \u00f6ncelikle Edirne ve \u0130zmir’i Rumsuzla\u015ft\u0131rmaya
      \n\u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede Rumlara y\u00f6nelik Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa taraf\u0131ndan\u00a0 <\/span>\u00f6rg\u00fctlendirilen \u00e7eteler taraf\u0131ndan katliamlar
      \nger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. 1913’te, Arnavutlar, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki’nin karar\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131
      \nedildiler. <\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, Bo\u015fnaklar, \u0130\u00e7 ve Do\u011fu Anadolu’ya mevcut n\u00fcfusun
      \ny\u00fczde 10’unu a\u015fmayacak oranda yerle\u015ftirilerek asimile edilmelerine ba\u015fland\u0131.
      \nAyn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu \u00c7ingeneler’e kapat\u0131ld\u0131. 1917 ve 1935 \u0130skan
      \nKanunlar\u0131’nda da \u00c7ingeneler’e y\u00f6nelik bu yasak s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. <\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      1916’da\u00a0 <\/span>bir \u00e7ok
      \n\u00f6nderleri idam edilen ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcne yollanan Araplar, \u0130\u00e7 ve Bat\u0131 Anadolu’da
      \nzorunlu iskana tabi tutuldular. D\u00fcrziler de i\u00e7 kesimlere g\u00f6nderildi. Trakya
      \nb\u00f6lgesinde yayg\u0131n olarak yerle\u015fik bulunan ve T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirilemeyen Yahudiler,
      \n1918’de s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcler veya terk etmek zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131lar. \u00c7o\u011fu Rusya’dan gelen
      \nG\u00fcrc\u00fc ve Lazlar, Anadolu’da yerle\u015fik Pomak, S\u00fcryani, Keldani ve S\u0131rplar da,
      \n\u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar’\u0131n s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ve asimilasyon politikalar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde Anadolu i\u00e7inde
      \noradan oraya s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcler. <\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      Anadolu ve K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da 73 milletin oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylemi 1800\u2019lerin
      \nsonundan itibaren de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f, Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n son miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 \u0130ttihat Terakki taraf\u0131ndan
      \n“Anadolu ve K\u00fcrdistan’\u0131\u00a0
      \n<\/span>T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme” siyaseti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011framayan,
      \ntopraklar\u0131ndan s\u00fcr\u00fclmeyeni, katledilmeyen, asimilasyona tabi tutulmayan hi\u00e7bir
      \nhalk kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019ten, \u0130ttihat ve Terakkiye, Cumhuriyet tarihi
      \nboyunca iktidara gelen b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u00fck\u00fcmetler halklara kar\u015f\u0131 ayn\u0131 devlet politikas\u0131n\u0131
      \ns\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Ba\u015fta K\u00fcrtler olmak \u00fczere halklara kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen
      \ns\u00fcrg\u00fcn-inkar ve asimilasyon politikas\u0131n\u0131n tarih boyunca uygulan\u0131\u015f\u0131, d\u00f6nemsel
      \nama\u00e7lar\u0131 her birinde farkl\u0131\u00a0 <\/span>olsa da her
      \nzaman bir s\u00fcreklilik i\u00e7indedir. Bu s\u00fcreklilik \u00f6zellikle 12 Eyl\u00fcl s\u00fcreciyle
      \nba\u015flayan ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde AKP h\u00fck\u00fcmetine kadar uzay\u0131p gelen bir s\u00fcrekliliktir. <\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      Halklar\u0131n inkar\u0131 ve kan\u0131 \u00fczerine kurulan bir devlet farkl\u0131
      \nhalklar\u0131n, tehcir, m\u00fcbadele veya asimilasyonla yok edilmesi \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilen
      \nbir devlet, nihayetinde s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 ve fa\u015fist bir devlet olmu\u015ftur. AKP\u2019de
      \ni\u015fte b\u00f6yle bir \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131-inkarc\u0131 ve asimilasyoncu zihniyetin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc
      \nkonumundad\u0131r.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      \u00d6\u011frenci And\u0131<\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      19 Eyl\u00fcl 1932’de \u0130ttihat Terakki\u2019nin partisi CHP\u2019nin Milli
      \nE\u011fitim Bakan olan Yahudi k\u00f6kenli Dr. Re\u015fit Galip g\u00f6reve getirildikten k\u0131sa bir
      \ns\u00fcre sonra K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirmenin-asimilasyonun k\u00f6yden ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131
      \ngerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek \u00fc\u00e7 s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 k\u00f6y okullar\u0131n\u0131 be\u015f s\u0131n\u0131fa \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f, k\u00f6ylerde
      \nyat\u0131l\u0131 pansiyonlu okullar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f ayr\u0131ca k\u00f6ylere g\u00f6re \u00f6\u011fretmen
      \nyeti\u015ftirme giri\u015fiminde bulunarak k\u00f6y enstit\u00fcs\u00fc uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n temeli olan bu
      \nd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri uygulamaya koymu\u015ftur.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      Yahudi dev\u015firmesi Dr Re\u015fit Galip\u2019in en \u00f6nemli icad\u0131 ise 77
      \ny\u0131ld\u0131r \u0130lkokullarda okutulan \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131-\u015foven s\u00f6zlerden olu\u015fan \u201c\u00d6\u011frenci And\u0131
      \nolmu\u015ftur. Mill\u00ee E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 Talim Terbiye Kurulu taraf\u0131ndan 10
      \nMay\u0131s 1933 tarih ve 101 say\u0131 karar\u0131 ile \u201c\u00d6\u011frenci And\u0131 n\u0131n okullarda okutulmas\u0131
      \nkararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. <\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      1930\u2019lu y\u0131llarda T\u00fcrk Tarih Tenkit Cemiyeti ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na
      \natanan ve yine Yahudi dev\u015firmesi olan Dr. Ar\u0131n (Safet) Engin\u2019in \u015fu s\u00f6zleri,
      \n\u00d6\u011frenci And\u0131\u2019n\u0131n asimilasyondaki \u00f6nemini a\u00e7\u0131klar niteliktedir: \u201c\u015eimdi onlar\u0131
      \n(K\u00fcrtleri) \u2018\u00d6\u011frenci And\u0131\u2019m\u0131z ile T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011fe kayna\u015ft\u0131rma ba\u015f \u00f6devimizdir. <\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      \u00d6\u011frenci And\u0131, \u0130ngilizlerden \u00f6rnek al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ngilizlerde bir
      \nd\u00f6nem \u0130sko\u00e7ya ve \u0130rlanda\u2019da ilkokullarda b\u00f6yle bir sistemi uygulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      \u0130ttihat Terakki \u00fcyesi ve ayn\u0131 zamanda CHP\u2019nin milli e\u011fitim
      \nbakan\u0131n\u0131n 23 Nisan\u2019da \u201cK\u00fcrt \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na arma\u011fan etti\u011fi \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 s\u00f6zler \u015f\u00f6yledir: \u201cT\u00fcrk\u00fcm,
      \ndo\u011fruyum, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan\u0131m. Yasam k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklerimi korumak, b\u00fcy\u00fcklerimi saymak, yurdumu,
      \nmilletimi \u00f6z\u00fcmden \u00e7ok sevmektir. \u00dclk\u00fcm, y\u00fckselmek, ileri gitmektir. Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131m
      \nT\u00fcrk varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na arma\u011fan olsun .<\/em><\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      Bu \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 s\u00f6zler K\u00fcrdistan\u2019daki K\u00fcrt \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na, 77 y\u0131ld\u0131r
      \ntekrarlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu s\u00f6zlerin eksik kalan k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131na da, 29 A\u011fustos 1972
      \ntarih ve 14291 say\u0131l\u0131 Resm\u00ee Gazetede yay\u0131mlanan ilkokullar y\u00f6netmeli\u011finin 78.
      \nMaddesinde “\u00d6\u011frenci And\u0131”na a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki son b\u00f6l\u00fcm eklenmi\u015ftir.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      \u201cT\u00fcrk\u00fcm, do\u011fruyum, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan\u0131m yasam, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklerimi korumak,
      \nb\u00fcy\u00fcklerimi saymak, yurdumu, milletimi \u00f6z\u00fcmden \u00e7ok sevmektir. \u00dclk\u00fcm y\u00fckselmek,
      \nileri gitmektir. Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131m T\u00fcrk varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na arma\u011fan olsun. Ey bu g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc
      \nsa\u011flayan, Ulu Atat\u00fcrk a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n yolda, kurdu\u011fun \u00fclk\u00fcde, g\u00f6sterdi\u011fin ama\u00e7ta hi\u00e7
      \ndurmadan y\u00fcr\u00fcyece\u011fime ant i\u00e7erim. Ne mutlu T\u00fcrk\u00fcm diyene. <\/font><\/em><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      Her g\u00fcn okullarda \u00e7ocuklara zorla ezberletilen T\u00fcrk \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131
      \nsimgeleyen and, istiklal mar\u015f\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk tarihi ile T\u00fcrk egemenleri, \u00a0<\/span>kendi tarihlerini y\u00fcceltip, Anadolu ve
      \nK\u00fcrdistan\u2019daki halklar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131layacak \u015feklide \u00e7ocuklarda \u015foven duygular
      \ngeli\u015ftirmeyi \u00f6ncelikli g\u00f6rev olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015flerdi. Bu ideoloji ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrle
      \nb\u00fcy\u00fcyen bir \u00e7ocuk, K\u00fcrt olsun, ba\u015fka bir halktan olsun kendini T\u00fcrk olarak
      \ng\u00f6r\u00fcr, \u201cNe mutlu T\u00fcrk\u00fcm diyene , \u201c Bir T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnya\u2019ya bedeldir , \u201cT\u00fcrk\u00fcn
      \nT\u00fcrk\u2019ten ba\u015fka dostu yoktur s\u00f6zleriyle di\u011fer halklar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fman olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      \n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      G\u00fcne\u015f Dil Teorisi \u00a0<\/span><\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      G\u00fcne\u015f Dil Teorisi, 1930 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrk Tarih Tenkit Cemiyeti
      \nba\u015fkan\u0131 yap\u0131lan Yahudi dev\u015firmesi\u00a0 <\/span>Dr.
      \nAr\u0131n (Safet) Engin taraf\u0131ndan ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 te\u015fvik edilmi\u015ftir. <\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      T\u00fcrk dilini ve tarihini y\u00fcceltmek ve geli\u015ftirmek ayr\u0131ca K\u00fcrt
      \nve di\u011fer halklar\u0131n dilini ve tarihini yok etmek ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in, T\u00fcrk Tarih
      \nTezi ve G\u00fcne\u015f Dil Teorisi geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. “Ne mutlu T\u00fcrk\u00fcm diyene, Bir
      \nT\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyaya Bedeldir, Bu Vatan Bizim, T\u00fcrk Yurdu, Vatan Sana Can\u0131m Feda”
      \n\u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 s\u00f6zleri bu i\u015fin sihirli vecizesi olmu\u015ftur. Ayr\u0131ca bu s\u00f6zlerin \u00f6zellikle
      \nK\u00fcrdistan\u2019da \u015fehirleri g\u00f6ren tepelere yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      G\u00fcne\u015f Dil Teorisi ile d\u00fcnyadaki b\u00fct\u00fcn dillerin k\u00f6keninin
      \nT\u00fcrk dili oldu\u011fu, d\u00fcnya dillerindeki bir\u00e7ok kelimenin de T\u00fcrk\u00e7eden t\u00fcretildi\u011fi
      \nsavunulmu\u015ftur.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      \n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      \n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      T\u00fcrk Tarih Tezi<\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      T\u00fcrk Tarih Tezi beyaz T\u00fcrk \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6keninin Orta Asya
      \noldu\u011fu hipotezinden yola \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fik \u00e7a\u011flarda, \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00f6\u00e7
      \ndalgalar\u0131 halinde Orta Asya’dan d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131lan beyaz T\u00fcrklerin de atas\u0131 olan
      \nhalklar, d\u00fcnya medeniyetlerinin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kurmu\u015ftur denilerek T\u00fcrk
      \n\u0131rk\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc savunulmu\u015ftur.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      T\u00fcrk Tarih Tezi ile tarihte ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck medeniyetler
      \nkurmu\u015f kavimlerin Hititlerin, S\u00fcmerlerin, hatta Yunan Medeniyetinin T\u00fcrk
      \nolduklar\u0131, bundan yola \u00e7\u0131karak K\u00fcrtlerin de T\u00fcrk oldu\u011fu kan\u0131tlanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
      \nTarih \u00f6ncesinde uygarl\u0131k izlerine rastlanmam\u0131\u015f diyarlara medeniyeti T\u00fcrklerin
      \nyayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 fikri savunulmu\u015ftur.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      \n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      T\u00fcrk Tarih Tezi\u2019de, G\u00fcne\u015f Dil Teorisi gibi Yahudi ve
      \nErmenilerden olu\u015fan ve hepsi de bat\u0131da e\u011fitim g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan
      \nyaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201cT\u00fcrk Tarihinin Ana \u00c7izgileri isimli 4 ciltlik T\u00fcrk Tarih Tezi:
      \nAfet \u0130nan, Tevfik B\u0131y\u0131ko\u011flu, Semih R\u0131fat, Yusuf Ak\u00e7ura, Ziya G\u00f6kalp, Re\u015fit
      \nGalip, Hasan Cemil, Sadri Maksudi Arsal, \u015eemsettin G\u00fcnaltay, Vasfi \u00c7\u0131nar ve
      \nYusuf Ziya \u00d6zer\u00a0 <\/span>taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan bir
      \nkurul taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f ve 30 bin adet bast\u0131r\u0131larak okullarda okutulmas\u0131na
      \nba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      \u201cK\u00fcrtlerinde asl\u0131nda T\u00fcrk oldu\u011fu sav\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlamak amac\u0131yla
      \nkurul ad\u0131na ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131, kendisi de bir K\u00fcrt olan Ziya G\u00f6kalp yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
      \nKurul ba\u015fkan\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda T\u00fcrk Tarih Tenkit Cemiyeti ba\u015fkan\u0131 olan Yahudi
      \ndev\u015firmesi Dr. Ar\u0131n (Safet) Engin, bu konudaki amac\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131yordu: \u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u201c\u2026maksad\u0131m bu
      \ngibi malumat\u0131 toplay\u0131p vaziyeti ilmi, iktisadi bir surette \u00f6\u011frendikten sonra,
      \nK\u00fcrtler\u2019e T\u00fcrk olduklar\u0131n\u0131 anlatmak… onlara (K\u00fcrtler’e) bunu (T\u00fcrk
      \nolduklar\u0131n\u0131) bildirmek, \u00f6\u011fretmek laz\u0131md\u0131r… demektedir.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      \n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/span>Bu kurulda yer
      \nalanlar\u0131n hemen hepsi daha sonra CHP h\u00fck\u00fcmetinde ve devlet b\u00fcrokrasisinde
      \ng\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/strong><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      Asimilasyoncu K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcleri<\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da uygulamaya konulan Umumi
      \nM\u00fcfetti\u015fli\u011fin (Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc Hal Valili\u011fi) 25Haziran 1927 tarihinde T\u00fcrkiye
      \nMeclisi taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilmesi ard\u0131ndan bakanl\u0131k d\u00fczeyinde bu g\u00f6reve Ayd\u0131n
      \nMebusu Abidin \u00d6zmen getirilmi\u015ftir. K\u00fcrtlerin asimile edilmesi i\u00e7in en iyi
      \ny\u00f6ntemin K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fclerinin kurmaktan ge\u00e7ti\u011fini Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019ye
      \nrapor eden Abidin \u00d6zmen, Sovyetlerde uygulanan K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcleri \u015feklindeki
      \ne\u011fitim sistemi ile Osmanl\u0131 devletinde K\u00fcrtlere kar\u015f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nem uygulanan A\u015firet
      \nMekteplerini bir araya getirip K\u00fcrtlerin asimilasyonunu hedeflemi\u015ftir. Bu proje
      \nile devlet zorla k\u0131z ve erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 toplayarak birer askeri k\u0131\u015fla
      \ng\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcnde olan Yat\u0131l\u0131 K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fclerine g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir. Bu okullardan mezun
      \nolanlar \u00f6\u011fretmen ve memur olarak k\u00f6ylerine devletin asimilasyon politikas\u0131n\u0131
      \ny\u00fcr\u00fctmek \u00fczere yerli misyonerler olarak g\u00f6nderilmi\u015flerdir.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      Uygulamaya konulan bu plan ile ayn\u0131 zamanda Sovyet taklidi
      \ngibi g\u00f6sterilen A\u015firet Mektepleri ile Sovyetlerden y\u00fckl\u00fc miktarda para ve tar\u0131m
      \naletleri yard\u0131m\u0131 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      Umumi M\u00fcfetti\u015fi Abidin \u00d6zmen\u2019in hem Sovyetleri kand\u0131ran hem
      \nde K\u00fcrtlerin asimilasyonu i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanan bu projesine \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019de onay
      \nvermi\u015ftir. Ard\u0131ndan K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcleri kurulmu\u015f ba\u015f\u0131na da \u0130ttihat Terakki \u00fcyesi ve
      \nayn\u0131 zamanda sabetays olan \u0130smail Hakk\u0131 Tongu\u00e7 getirilmi\u015ftir. K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcleri
      \nT\u00fcrkiye ve K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da 21 merkezde a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      \n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru 1945 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sovyetler
      \nBirli\u011finin \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019den Kars, Artvin ve Ardahan’\u0131 ve Bo\u011fazlarda askeri \u00fcs
      \nistemesi \u00fczerine, yeni Emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7 ABD devreye girerek, T\u00fcrk devletini
      \nSovyetlerden uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in Truman Doktrini ile T\u00fcrk devletini kendi yan\u0131na
      \n\u00e7ekmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Fakat bunun kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Sovyetlerle her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ili\u015fki
      \nkesilecek, Sovyet uygulamalar\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131. ABD, T\u00fcrkiye’de Sovyet taklidi
      \noldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi\u011fi “5 y\u0131ll\u0131k kalk\u0131nma planlar\u0131” ve “K\u00f6y
      \nEnstit\u00fcleri” gibi uygulamalar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etti. \u0130ttihat
      \nTerakkinin K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da mantar gibi \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcleri, kuruldu\u011fu
      \ng\u00fcnden itibaren T\u00fcrk \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 temelinde e\u011fitim yap\u0131yordu. 1954 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar
      \nK\u00f6y enstit\u00fclerinde, \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da olmak \u00fczere 1308 k\u0131z ve 15,943 erkek
      \ntoplam 17,341 k\u00f6y \u00f6\u011fretmeni yeti\u015ftirildi. Bunlar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 yo\u011fun
      \nasimilasyon sonucu kendi K\u00fcrtl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc inkar eder duruma getirildi.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      \n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      27 May\u0131s<\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      \u0130ttihat Terakkinin tek partili CHP d\u00f6neminde \u015eark Islahat
      \nPlan\u0131, Takriri S\u00fckun Kanunu ve Mecburi \u0130skan Kanunu gibi \u00f6nlemler al\u0131narak
      \n1924\u2019ten itibaren K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da ordu-\u015fiddet korkusuna dayanan yo\u011fun bir devlet ter\u00f6r\u00fc
      \nestirildi. K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da 1950’ye kadar devam eden bir mezar sessizli\u011fi hakim
      \noldu. F\u0131rat’\u0131n do\u011fusu-K\u00fcrdistan yasak b\u00f6lge ilan edildi.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      \n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      1946 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan Mahabad K\u00fcrt Cumhuriyeti ard\u0131ndan 1961
      \ny\u0131l\u0131nda KDP\u2019nin Baas rejimine kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 silahl\u0131 eylem karar\u0131 gibi bir\u00e7ok
      \ngeli\u015fme Kuzey K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da K\u00fcrt iradesinin yeniden canlanmas\u0131na neden oldu.
      \nFakat K\u00fcrtlerin bu uyan\u0131\u015f\u0131, Demokrat Partinin iktidarda oldu\u011fu 27 May\u0131s 1960
      \ntarihinde, T\u00fcrk ordusunun darbe yapmas\u0131na neden oldu. T\u00fcrk ordusu, Milli Birlik
      \nKomitesi (MBK) ad\u0131yla kukla bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet kurarak y\u00f6netime el koydular.\u00a0 <\/span>T\u00fcrk ordusunun yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn darbelerin
      \ns\u00f6ylenmeyen gerek\u00e7esinin K\u00fcrtler oldu\u011fu art\u0131k bilinen bir ger\u00e7ek haline
      \ngelmi\u015fti.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      \n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      DP iktidar\u0131 d\u00f6neminde K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da uygulanan
      \n“T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme” program\u0131 27 May\u0131s cuntas\u0131 ve Milli Birlik Komitesi
      \ntaraf\u0131ndan da h\u0131z\u0131ndan hi\u00e7bir \u015fey kaybettirilmeden devam ettirildi. K\u00fcrt\u00e7e
      \nisimler ve k\u00f6y isimlerinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi kanunla karar alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131.
      \n1920’lerin sonunda yap\u0131lan “Vatanda\u015f T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015f” kampanyas\u0131 yeniden
      \ng\u00fcncellendi. K\u00fcrt\u00e7e konu\u015fana para cezas\u0131 verilmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. K\u00fcrdistan’a
      \nyay\u0131n yapan radyo istasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, yat\u0131l\u0131 b\u00f6lge okullar\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131
      \n27 May\u0131s iktidar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcndeme getirdi\u011fi ba\u015fl\u0131ca uygulamalar oldu. <\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      Bu politikalar\u0131n temel amac\u0131 \u00a0<\/span>tek dilli, tek k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc, tek kimlikli ve tek
      \ninan\u00e7l\u0131 bir \u2018milli T\u00fcrk devleti\u2019, yani T\u00fcrklerden olu\u015fan bir \u2018ulus-devlet\u2019
      \nkurmakt\u0131r.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      \n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      Darbeci Milli Birlik Komitesi\u2019nin kukla cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Cemal
      \nG\u00fcrsel ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere MBK \u00fcyeleri K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a giderek, asker zoruyla
      \nmeydanlara toplanan halka hitap ederken, \u201csizler \u00f6z ve \u00f6z T\u00fcrks\u00fcn\u00fcz, K\u00fcrtl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc
      \nkabul etmeyin, reddedin! Size K\u00fcrt diyenlerin y\u00fcz\u00fcne t\u00fck\u00fcr\u00fcn tarz\u0131nda
      \na\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulunuyorlard\u0131.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      \n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      MBK iktidar\u0131 \u00f6ncelikli olarak Devlet Planlama Te\u015fkilat\u0131 i\u00e7inde,
      \nuzmanlardan olu\u015fan\u00a0 <\/span>\u201cDo\u011fu Grubu nu kurdu.
      \nBu grup, K\u00fcrtlerin nas\u0131l asimile edilece\u011fine ili\u015fkin yol ve y\u00f6ntemleri
      \nara\u015ft\u0131racak, bu konulara ili\u015fkin MBK\u2019ya rapor g\u00f6nderiyordu.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      Do\u011fu grubunun ilk raporu yer isimlerinin T\u00fcrk\u00e7ele\u015ftirilmesine
      \ny\u00f6nelik oldu. 1961 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan 1587 say\u0131l\u0131 yasayla, K\u00fcrt\u00e7e, Rumca ve
      \nErmenice olan k\u00f6y, b\u00f6lge ve insan isimlerinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek yerine T\u00fcrk\u00e7e
      \nisimler verilmesini kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da bulunan n\u00fcfus m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fcklerine
      \n\u00f6zel komisyonlar g\u00f6nderilerek, insanlar\u0131n, yerle\u015fim yerlerinin isimlerinin,
      \n“T\u00fcrk milli k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne, ahlak kurallar\u0131na, \u00f6rf ve adetlerine g\u00f6re
      \nde\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi sa\u011flan\u0131yordu. Yasada ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan y\u00f6netmelikte
      \nisimlerin nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015ftirilece\u011fi, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e adlar\u0131n nas\u0131l konulaca\u011f\u0131 da karar
      \nalt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yeni isimlerin konulmas\u0131 da halka b\u0131rak\u0131lmayacak, isimleri
      \n“devlet” koyacakt\u0131. <\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      Do\u011fu grubunun haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 raporlar, MBK kabinesi taraf\u0131ndan
      \noy birli\u011fi ile kabul edilerek uygulanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kararname haline getirilmi\u015fti. <\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      1961 y\u0131l\u0131 sonuna do\u011fru Do\u011fu grubunun haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 raporlardan
      \nen \u00f6nemli olan\u0131 \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc”n\u00fcn ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki AP-CHP koalisyonuna
      \ng\u00f6nderilmi\u015fti.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      Bu raporda \u015funlar yer al\u0131yordu:<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
      \n<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>B\u00f6lgenin,
      \nkendilerini K\u00fcrt sananlar lehindeki n\u00fcfus str\u00fckt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc T\u00fcrk lehine \u00e7evirmek
      \ni\u00e7in, Karadeniz sahillerindeki fazla n\u00fcfusla, memleket d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan gelen T\u00fcrkleri
      \nbu b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015ftirmek, b\u00f6lgedeki kendilerini K\u00fcrt sananlar\u0131 b\u00f6lge d\u0131\u015f\u0131na
      \nhicrete te\u015fvik ve bu hicreti finanse ederek, memleketin T\u00fcrk \u00e7ocu\u011fu bulunan
      \nyerlerine isk\u00e2n etmek…<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
      \n<\/span><\/span>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kendilerini K\u00fcrt sananlar ile \u0130ran, Suriye
      \nve Irak\u2019taki K\u00fcrtlerin irtibat\u0131n\u0131 kesme bak\u0131m\u0131ndan b\u00f6lgeyi, kendilerini K\u00fcrt
      \nsananlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu da\u011f\u0131tmak \u00fczere, sistemli bir \u015fekilde b\u00f6lecek isk\u00e2n
      \nsahalar\u0131na ay\u0131rmak…<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
      \n<\/span><\/span>D\u00fcnya entelekt\u00fcel muhitine T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bir K\u00fcrt
      \nmeselesinin mevcut olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n anlatmak…<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
      \n<\/span><\/span>Bir \u00fcniversiteye ba\u011fl\u0131 derhal bir T\u00fcrkoloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc
      \nkurularak, kendini K\u00fcrt sananlar\u0131n men\u015felerinin T\u00fcrk oldu\u011funun ispat olunarak
      \nyay\u0131nlanmas\u0131…<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
      \n<\/span><\/span>Planlanan b\u00f6lge okullar\u0131, k\u00f6y okullar\u0131 ve meslek
      \nokullar\u0131n\u0131n faaliyete ge\u00e7irilmesi… K\u0131z ve erkek misyoner yeti\u015ftirilmesi ve
      \nbunun i\u00e7in hususi m\u00fcessese kurulmas\u0131… B\u00f6lge halk\u0131ndan kabiliyetli ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckten
      \nasimile edilen gen\u00e7lere y\u00fcksek tahsil imkanlar\u0131 sa\u011flanmas\u0131…<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
      \n<\/span><\/span>\u0130slam Ansiklopedisi’ndeki K\u00fcrt maddesi tashih edilerek
      \nK\u00fcrtlerin da\u011fl\u0131 T\u00fcrkler oldu\u011fu yaz\u0131lmas\u0131\u2026<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
      \n<\/span><\/span>K\u00fcrtlere \u0131rk bak\u0131m\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk siyasal d\u00fczeninin en
      \nelveri\u015fli, en emin, en \u00e7ok imkan sa\u011flayan bir d\u00fczen oldu\u011funu telkin eden (radyo
      \nvb., ara\u00e7larla) yay\u0131nlar yap\u0131lmas\u0131\u2026<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
      \n<\/span><\/span>Do\u011fuya atanan memurlar\u0131n 6 seneden fazla ayn\u0131 g\u00f6revde
      \nkalmalar\u0131 \u00f6nlenmesi\u2026<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
      \n<\/span><\/span>B\u00f6lgede feodal de\u011fer yarg\u0131lar\u0131n devam ettirilmesi.
      \nA\u015firet\u00e7ili\u011fin ve dinin g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi\u2026<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
      \n<\/span><\/span>B\u00f6lgeye ekonomik yat\u0131r\u0131mlar yap\u0131lmayarak, b\u00f6lgenin
      \nekonomik kalk\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek\u2026bu \u015fekilde i\u015f bulmak i\u00e7in kendili\u011finden
      \nbat\u0131ya g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\u2026<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

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      27 May\u0131s\u2019\u0131n MBK\u2019s\u0131, T\u00fcrk Tarih Tezi ve G\u00fcne\u015f-Dil Teorisi
      \n\u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 faaliyetlerini de yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rarak K\u00fcrtlerin
      \nasimilasyonu devletin \u00f6ncelikli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 haline getirildi. MBK\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na
      \ngetirilen Cemal G\u00fcrsel\u2019in K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da u\u00e7aklarla da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve gazetelerde
      \nyay\u0131nlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tehdit dolu bildirisinde \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu: \u201cT\u00fcrk-K\u00fcrt ikili\u011fi
      \nyoktur, K\u00fcrt diye bir varl\u0131k tan\u0131may\u0131z. K\u00fcrt laf\u0131n\u0131 vaktiyle icad eden
      \nErmenilerdir. K\u00fcrt lakab\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan T\u00fcrklerin ge\u00e7mi\u015fi. K\u00fcrt lakab\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan
      \nT\u00fcrkler, Ermeniler’i nas\u0131l ma\u011flup Ettiler. Do\u011fulu gen\u00e7ler okuyup Atat\u00fcrk
      \nilkelerini kavray\u0131nca do\u011fu illeri cennete d\u00f6necektir\u2026Sen K\u00fcrt de\u011fil T\u00fcrks\u00fcn.
      \nE\u011fer hala K\u00fcrt\u2019\u00fcm demekte \u0131srar edersen kan g\u00f6l\u00fc i\u00e7inde bo\u011far\u0131z. \u00a0 <\/span>Bu \u00f6l\u00fcm kokan s\u00f6zler, on binlerce K\u00fcrt’\u00fcn
      \n\u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc katliamlar, T\u00fcrk devletinin hala medet umdu\u011fu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yollar\u0131yd\u0131. <\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

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      T\u00fcrk devleti, K\u00fcrtleri asimile etmek i\u00e7in devletin b\u00fct\u00fcn
      \nimkanlar\u0131n\u0131 seferber ediyordu. \u00a0<\/span>Bu
      \npolitikalardan biri de 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda Amed, Van, Erzurum, Kars,
      \nMalatya ve Antep\u2019te TRT’nin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc vericilere sahip radyo istasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n
      \nkurulmas\u0131 oldu. Art\u0131k devlet\u00a0 <\/span>K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a
      \nduyurdu\u011fu sesiyle \u201cT\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015f, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e dinle! diyordu. Ve ba\u015fka da bir
      \nse\u00e7enek b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131yordu. <\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

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      Irk\u00e7\u0131 T\u00fcrk devletinin 359 No\u2019lu TRT yasas\u0131na g\u00f6re de, TRT’nin
      \nyay\u0131n ilkelerinden biri \u201cT\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin hizmetinde olmak bulunuyordu. <\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

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      K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da devlete ait radyo istasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n
      \nbir ba\u015fka nedeni de K\u00fcrtl\u00fck bilincini canl\u0131 tuttu\u011fu iddias\u0131yla Erivan\u2019dan
      \nK\u00fcrt\u00e7e yay\u0131n yapan \u2018Erivan Radyosu\u2019nun yay\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 engellemek amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Bu
      \nyay\u0131nlar\u0131 teknik olarak engellemenin yan\u0131nda, dinleyenlere kar\u015f\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc
      \nbask\u0131, i\u015fkence de uygulan\u0131yordu. \u00a0<\/span><\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

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      \u00a0<\/span>MBK\u2019nin asimilasyon
      \npolitikalar\u0131 bunlarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildi. \u0130ttihat Terakkinin 1924 y\u0131llar\u0131nda
      \nK\u00fcrdistan i\u00e7in \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015eark Islahat Plan\u0131nda yer alan yat\u0131l\u0131 okullar yani
      \nT\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme kamplar\u0131 MBK\u2019nin g\u00fcndemindeydi.\u00a0
      \n<\/span>\u00c7\u0131kart\u0131lan bir kararname ile K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da yat\u0131l\u0131 b\u00f6lge okullar\u0131n
      \na\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verildi. 222 say\u0131l\u0131 ilk\u00f6\u011fretim ve e\u011fitim kanunun 6 ve 9
      \nmaddelerinde de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe gidilerek asimilasyon politikas\u0131na g\u00f6re g\u00fcncellendi.
      \nBu maddelerde \u015f\u00f6yle deniliyordu: \u201cDo\u011fu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu illerimizin mahrumiyet
      \nb\u00f6lgelerinde kurulmakta olan Yat\u0131l\u0131 B\u00f6lge \u0130lkokullar\u0131, okulsuz k\u00f6y \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131
      \nokula kavu\u015fturmak, T\u00fcrk dilini ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc yayma faaliyetine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak amac\u0131
      \nile ge\u00e7irilen ilk\u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131d\u0131r. <\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

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      1970\u2019li y\u0131llara gelindi\u011finde yat\u0131l\u0131 b\u00f6lge okullar\u0131n\u0131n
      \nsay\u0131s\u013170\u2019e ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bunlar\u0131n 60 tanesi K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da bulunurken geriye kalan
      \n10 tanesi de Karadeniz\u2019de Laz halk\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

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      <\/strong><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

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      27 May\u0131s Darbecilerinin Nazi Toplama Kamp\u0131<\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

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      \n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      MBK, Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcney K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da y\u00fckselen K\u00fcrt Ulusal Hareketlerinin
      \nKuzey K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131 da etkisi alt\u0131na almas\u0131ndan korkuluyordu. G\u00fcney K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da
      \nMolla Mustafa Barzani \u00f6nderli\u011finde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen m\u00fccadeleye Kuzey K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n
      \ns\u0131n\u0131r kesimlerinden destek verilmekteydi. Bu durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda darbeci
      \ngeneraller, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle yaln\u0131z T\u00fcrklerin vatan\u0131d\u0131r. Ba\u015fka gayeler
      \nta\u015f\u0131yan birka\u00e7 ki\u015fiye zorla da olsa benimsetilecektir a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131yla K\u00fcrt
      \nhalk\u0131n\u0131 tehdit etmekteydiler.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

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      \n

      <\/p>\n

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      Askeri darbeden d\u00f6rt g\u00fcn sonra K\u00fcrdistan genelinde
      \ntutuklanan yakla\u015f\u0131k 485 ki\u015fi Sivas Kabakyaz\u0131\u2019da bulunan 5. Er E\u011fitim Tugay\u0131\u2019nda
      \nasker\u00ee garnizon i\u00e7inde olu\u015fturulan kampa dokuz ay kapat\u0131ld\u0131lar.\u00a0 <\/span>Darbecilerin kukla Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak
      \nyapt\u0131klar\u0131 Celal Bayar “K\u00fcrtlerden bin tanesini Taksim Meydan\u0131\u2019nda
      \nsalland\u0131ral\u0131m ki di\u011ferlerine ibret-i \u00e2lem olsun” perspektifini alan kukla
      \nh\u00fck\u00fcmetinin \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Muharrem \u0130hsan K\u0131z\u0131lo\u011flu Babam \u015eark\u0131n cell\u00e2d\u0131yd\u0131,
      \nben de sizin cell\u00e2d\u0131n\u0131z olaca\u011f\u0131m” diyerek Nazi kamp\u0131 ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcn fikrini MBK
      \ng\u00fcndemine getirerek uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

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      \n

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      1963\u2019te Kuzey K\u00fcrdistan\u2019dan M\u0130T taraf\u0131ndan tehlikeli
      \ng\u00f6r\u00fclerek isimleri\u00a0 <\/span>belirlenen 55 ki\u015fi,
      \nMBK emriyle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bat\u0131 illerine s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.\u00a0 <\/span>Bu konuda MBK taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan bildiri
      \nde \u015funlar deniliyordu: <\/span>\u201c\u015earkta, a\u011fa, bey, \u015feyh
      \ndenilen 35-40 kadar k\u00f6ye sahip ki\u015filer, derebeylikler h\u00e2l\u00e2 mevcuttur.
      \nB\u00f6lgelerinde T\u00fcrk harfleri ile tedrisata muhaliftirler. K\u00f6yl\u00fcy\u00fc her surette
      \nbask\u0131 alt\u0131nda tutarlar. K\u00f6yl\u00fclerimiz T\u00fcrkl\u00fcklerini m\u00fcdriktirler. K\u00fcrtl\u00fck
      \npropagandas\u0131 s\u0131rf derebeyliklerinin devam edebilmesi i\u00e7in \u015feyh ve beyler taraf\u0131ndan
      \nhalka yay\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. <\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Bu bildirinin yay\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131 7 Ekimz1960
      \ntarihinde, y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckteki 2510 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130sk\u00e2n Kanunu\u2019na ek olarak \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan
      \n“Sosyal birtak\u0131m reformlar\u0131 yapabilmek, orta\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fayan
      \nd\u00fczenini y\u0131kmak, a\u011fal\u0131k ve \u015feyhlik gibi m\u00fcesseseleri y\u0131kmak” gayesi ile
      \n\u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan 105 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019la 55 ki\u015fi Antalya, \u0130zmir, Burdur, Mu\u011fla, Afyon,
      \nIsparta, Manisa, \u00c7orum ve Denizli\u2019de zorunlu ikamete tabi tutuldular.<\/font><\/p>\n

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      \n

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      27 May\u0131s darbecilerin Sivas kamp\u0131 olarak olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 Nazi
      \ntoplama kamp\u0131na al\u0131nanlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 devlet taraf\u0131ndan teslim al\u0131narak
      \ndev\u015firilmi\u015ftir. Bu ki\u015filer \u00fczerinden devlet inkar ve asimilasyonu
      \ngeli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Teslim al\u0131nan-dev\u015firilenlerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ve torunlar\u0131 da daha
      \nsonra devletin-kurulan h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin destek\u00e7ileri haline getirildikleri gibi
      \ndevlet ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet i\u00e7erisinde \u00f6nemli mevkilere getirilmi\u015flerdir. Bunlar
      \n\u00fczerinden inkar ve asimilasyon politikas\u0131 s\u00fcrekli hale getirilmeye
      \n\u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r: <\/font><\/p>\n

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      \n

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      AKP Adana Milletvekili olan Dengir Mir Mehmet F\u0131rat\u2019\u0131n
      \ndedesi Zeynel Turan, Cem Vakf\u0131 Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u0130zzetin Do\u011fan\u2019\u0131n babas\u0131 Hasan H\u00fcseyin
      \nDo\u011fan, Sedat Bucak\u2019\u0131n babas\u0131 Hakk\u0131 Bucak, HAKPAR eski Genel Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Serta\u00e7
      \nBucak\u2019\u0131n babas\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye K\u00fcrdistan Demokrat Partisi kurucu ba\u015fkan\u0131 Faik Bucak
      \nve di\u011fer Bucak\u2019lar, Bayburt\u2019tan Demokrat Parti Y\u00f6neticisi olan Baki Tu\u011f\u2019un
      \nbabas\u0131 Necati Tu\u011f, Mardin\u2019den Zeynel Abidin Erdem\u2019in amcas\u0131 Bahattin Erdem ve
      \navukat M.Necati Kerimo\u011flu, A\u011fr\u0131 Tutak\u2019tan Kaz\u0131m Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m, Malatya\u2019dan Sait
      \n\u00c7ekmegil, Van CHP Milletvekili Tevfik Do\u011fu\u0131\u015f\u0131ker, Amed\u2019den\u00a0 <\/span>Ensario\u011fullar\u2019\u0131, Mehmet Kayalar, Elaz\u0131\u011f\u2019dan
      \nSeptio\u011fullar\u0131, Bozo Kemal lakapl\u0131 Kemal Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m, Cemil K\u00fcfrevi, Batman\u2019dan
      \nSait Ramanl\u0131, Kubbettin Septio\u011flu, Zeynel Abidin \u0130nan, Mustafa I\u015f\u0131k, R\u0131fat
      \n\u00d6kten, Turhan Bilgin ve daha bir\u00e7ok tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filer bulunmaktayd\u0131.<\/font><\/p>\n

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      \n

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      Sak\u0131ncal\u0131 ki\u015filer olarak tespit edilen 485 ki\u015fi ile olas\u0131
      \nbir K\u00fcrt muhalefeti sindirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yordu.\u00a0
      \n<\/span>Sivas-Nazi kamp\u0131na getirilenlerin hepsinin menkul ve gayrimenkul
      \nmallar\u0131na el konulmu\u015ftu<\/font><\/p>\n

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      12 Eyl\u00fcl Darbesi ile
      \n\u201cUygarla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan Toplum <\/font><\/strong><\/p>\n

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      <\/strong><\/p>\n

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      27 May\u0131s 1960 ve 12 Mart 1971 Askeri darbelerinin devam\u0131
      \nolan12 Eyl\u00fcl Askeri darbesinde de devletin K\u00fcrtlere y\u00f6nelik ink\u00e2ra dayal\u0131
      \ngeleneksel politikas\u0131 devam etti. Devletin geleneksel inkar ve katliamlara
      \ndayal\u0131 K\u00fcrt politikas\u0131,12 Eyl\u00fcl darbesiyle daha kaba ve yontulmam\u0131\u015f
      \nenstr\u00fcmanlarla s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. K\u00fcrtlere dair kardan ‘k\u0131rt-k\u00fcrt’ teorileri
      \n\u00fcretilerek K\u00fcrtlerin “Da\u011f T\u00fcrkleri” oldu\u011fu ispat edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131.<\/font><\/p>\n

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      K\u00fcrt\u00e7e, cahillerin ve k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin dili olarak tan\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131.
      \nHalk\u0131 K\u00fcrt\u00e7e’den so\u011futtular. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n K\u00fcrt\u00e7e’ye psikolojik bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131
      \netkilediler. K\u00fcrt halk\u0131, K\u00fcrt k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc her t\u00fcrl\u00fc y\u00f6ntemlerle asimile edilmeye
      \n\u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Anayasa’da ge\u00e7en T\u00fcrkiye’ye vatanda\u015fl\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131yla ba\u011fl\u0131 olan herkes
      \nT\u00fcrk’t\u00fcr tek\u00e7i ve \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 s\u00f6yleminin yan\u0131nda ‘Vatanda\u015f T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015f’ gibi
      \nkampanyalar varolan ink\u00e2r\u0131 ve asimilasyonlar\u0131 derinle\u015ftirdi. <\/font><\/p>\n

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      K\u00fcrtlere y\u00f6nelik kitlesel tutuklamalar ve yarg\u0131lanmalar
      \nyap\u0131ld\u0131. K\u00fcrt yurtseverleri a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a katledildi. Darbe y\u00f6netiminin K\u00fcrt halk\u0131na
      \ny\u00f6nelik kirli politikalar\u0131 bunlarla da s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmad\u0131. Amed ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere
      \nErzurum, Elaz\u0131\u011f gibi bir \u00e7ok ilde i\u015flev g\u00f6rmeye ba\u015flayan askeri cezaevleri
      \na\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Amed zindanlar\u0131nda ya\u015fanan a\u011f\u0131r i\u015fkenceler 12 Eyl\u00fcl fa\u015fizminin K\u00fcrt
      \nhalk\u0131n\u0131 yok etme hedefini apa\u00e7\u0131k sergilemekteydi. <\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

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      \u201c\u0130\u015fkencenin ad\u0131 ve merkezi olarak an\u0131lan “Diyarbak\u0131r 5
      \nNo’lu Askeri Cezaevi” bu cezaevlerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda geliyor. Bu cezaevi
      \ncezaevinden \u00e7ok, muameleleri ile Hitlerin Nazi kamplar\u0131n\u0131 and\u0131r\u0131yordu veya arat\u0131yordu\u2026
      \n24.5.1993 tarihli Frans\u0131z Le Monde gazetesi, bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi sat\u0131rlar\u0131na \u015fu \u015fekilde
      \nta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: 5 Nolu Diyarbak\u0131r Askeri Cezaevi: “T\u00fcrk zindanlar\u0131 ve sorgu
      \nsalonlar\u0131nda tutuklulara y\u00f6nelik, d\u00fcnyada t\u00fcm zamanlar\u0131n rekorunu k\u0131racak
      \nkadar, say\u0131s\u0131z sald\u0131r\u0131larla ad yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, Diyarbak\u0131r Cezaevi.” <\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

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      \n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      Bu darbeyle K\u00fcrtlerin hedef tahtas\u0131na oturtuldu\u011funu, bu
      \ncezaevinin duvar\u0131nda as\u0131l\u0131 olan bir tabela \u00fczerinde “Uygarla\u015fmam\u0131\u015f
      \nuluslar, uygar uluslar taraf\u0131ndan ayaklar alt\u0131na al\u0131nmaya mahkumdurlar”
      \ns\u00f6z\u00fcnden dahi anlayabiliyoruz. Buna g\u00f6re -s\u00f6z\u00fcm ona- uygarla\u015fmam\u0131\u015f K\u00fcrt
      \ntoplumunu, ayaklar alt\u0131na alma ve \u0131slah etme yolu da 5 No’lu Askeri
      \nCezaevleri’nden ge\u00e7iyordu\u2026 Aradan uzun bir zaman ge\u00e7mesine ra\u011fmen bu zindan\u0131
      \ng\u00f6renler, ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 bug\u00fcn dahi unutamam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/span>Aradan 25 y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti\u011fi
      \nhalde insan\u0131n ruhunu karabasan alt\u0131nda tutan Amed askeri cezaevine de\u011findikten
      \nsonra 12 Eyl\u00fcl d\u00f6neminde kabul edilen s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netimin de en son K\u00fcrdistan
      \nillerinde kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmekte fayda var. S\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim 19 Mart 1986\u2019da
      \nBing\u00f6l, Elaz\u0131\u011f, Tunceli ve \u015eanl\u0131urfa\u2019da, 19 Mart 1987\u2019de Van\u2019da, Mardin, Siirt
      \nve Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da ise ancak 19 Temmuz 1987 y\u0131l\u0131nda kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/font><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      \n

      \n

      <\/p>\n

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      Yasin K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7kaya<\/font><\/p>\n

      \n

      \n

      \n

      \n

      <\/p>\n

      Navenda L\u00eakol\u00een\u00ean Stratej\u00eek a Kurdistan\u00ea<\/p>\n

      <\/font><\/p>\n

      \n

      www.navendalekolin.com www.lekolin.org -www.lekolin.net – www.lekolin.info<\/font><\/p>\n

      \n

      <\/p>\n

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      \t<\/p>\n

      \n
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      \n<\/div><\/div>\n

      Asimilasyon
      \nyaln\u0131z dil alan\u0131nda de\u011fil, iktidar\u0131n \u015fekillendirdi\u011fi t\u00fcm toplumsal kurumlarda
      \nuygulan\u0131r. Hakim ulus veya dinin, grubun kurumsal ger\u00e7ekli\u011fine uyarlanma her
      \nd\u00fczeyde ya\u015fan\u0131r. Siyasal, sosyal, ekonomik, hatta zihniyet alan\u0131 resmen tan\u0131n\u0131p
      \nhukuk\u00e7a korunduk\u00e7a, di\u011fer az\u0131nl\u0131k ve yenilmi\u015flerin e\u015f kurumlar\u0131 kendilerini
      \nhakim kurumlara g\u00f6re zoraki veya g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc asimilasyona u\u011fratarak, resmiyetinin
      \ni\u00e7inde yer al\u0131rlar. Bask\u0131 ve ekonomik, siyasi \u00e7\u0131kar ne kadar devreye girerse,
      \nerime o denli rol oynar.T\u00fcm uygarl\u0131k tarihinde k\u00fclt\u00fcr
      \nunsurlar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011flamak me\u015fruiyetleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7ilmezdir. Ekonomik ve
      \niktidar erki erkenden bu hususu fark edip tedbir almaktan asla gecikmezler.
      \nK\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn iktidarca asimilasyonu hiyerar\u015filerin kurulu\u015f d\u00f6nemlerine kadar gider.
      \nEsas y\u00f6netim ara\u00e7lar\u0131d\u0131r. K\u00fclt\u00fcrel hegemonya olmazsa, ekonomik ve iktidar
      \ntekelleri y\u00f6netemezler. Zora ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcye dayal\u0131 sistemler zorla olsa olsa k\u0131sa
      \ns\u00fcreli talanlarla varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ayakta tutabilirler ki, talan edilecek bir \u015fey
      \nkalmay\u0131nca ya birbirlerine girerler ya da y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131p da\u011f\u0131l\u0131rlar.Ulus-devlet,
      \nt\u00fcm tekellerin ortak paydas\u0131 olarak, toplumsal maddi k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn gasp\u0131, fethetme
      \nve s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015ftirilmesi \u00fczerine kurulmakla yetinmez manevi k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn
      \nasimilasyonunda da belirleyici rol oynar. Ulusal k\u00fclt\u00fcr ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011funlukla
      \nh\u00e2kim bir etnisite veya dini cemaatin k\u00fclt\u00fcr normlar\u0131n\u0131 resmile\u015ftirip, geriye
      \nkalan t\u00fcm k\u00fclt\u00fcrel varl\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f a\u00e7ar. \u201cUlusal b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011fe zararl\u0131d\u0131r
      \ndeyip, binlerce y\u0131ldan beri varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruyan ne kadar din, etnisite, kavim ve
      \nulus dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc varsa, ya zorla ya da maddi te\u015fviklerle hepsinin sonunu
      \nhaz\u0131rlar. Tarihin hi\u00e7bir d\u00f6neminde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar dil, din, mezhep, etnik
      \nkabile ve a\u015firetlerle kavim ve uluslar bu politikan\u0131n, daha do\u011frusu soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n
      \nkurban\u0131 olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Maddi soyk\u0131r\u0131mlar (fiziki imha) manevi soyk\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n
      \nyan\u0131nda devede kulak bile de\u011fildir. Binlerce y\u0131ldan beri s\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcp gelen dil ve
      \nk\u00fclt\u00fcr de\u011ferleri gruplar\u0131 ile birlikte \u2018ulusal birlik\u2019 \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda
      \nkutsal bir eylemmi\u015f gibi kurban edilirler. K\u0131z\u0131lderili Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131ndan K\u00fcrt
      \nSoyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u201cSava\u015f ve iktidar bloklar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00e7ok ba\u015fvurduklar\u0131 toplumsal politikalar\u0131ndan biri asimilasyondur. En genel deyimiyle k\u00fclt\u00fcrel eritme anlam\u0131na gelen asimilasyon politikalar\u0131ndaki temel ama\u00e7, tahakk\u00fcme tabi tuttuklar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7 yeteneklerini ellerinden almak i\u00e7in, ba\u015fta zihniyetin temel kullan\u0131m arac\u0131 olan yerel dili uygulama d\u0131\u015f\u0131 tutup, hakim dilin yo\u011fun i\u015fleni\u015fini ifade eder. <\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5148,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"jnews_post_split":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[32,31,36,33,30,35,34],"class_list":["post-5147","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arastirmalar","tag-arastirma","tag-kurdi","tag-kurdish","tag-kurdistan","tag-lekolin","tag-turkish","tag-turkiye"],"acf":[],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5147","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5147"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5147\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5148"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5147"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5147"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5147"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}