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\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0130lk kez 1927 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a giden ve uzun y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00f6lgede ge\u00e7iren Frans\u0131z din adam\u0131 Thomas Bois\u2019in kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cK\u00fcrtler adl\u0131 kitab\u0131 halen bir\u00e7ok Bat\u0131l\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fucu kaynaklar\u0131ndan biri.<\/p>\n
Kitab\u0131 en ilgin\u00e7 k\u0131lan b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerden biri ise K\u00fcrtlerin bat\u0131l inan\u00e7lar\u0131 ve pagan topluluklar d\u00f6neminden miras \u00f6zelliklerin de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fi b\u00f6l\u00fcm. Kitapta, bir din adam\u0131 olmas\u0131ndan hareketle, Bois\u2019in, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci \u00e7eyre\u011findeki K\u00fcrt toplumunun inan\u00e7 sistemlerini daha yak\u0131ndan inceledi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
O d\u00f6nemdeki K\u00fcrt toplumunun bat\u0131l inan\u00e7lar\u0131 konusunda Bois\u2019in g\u00f6zlemlerini derledik. Bu g\u00f6zlemlerde olduk\u00e7a ilgin\u00e7 belirlemeler de bulunuyor.<\/p>\n
Bois\u2019e g\u00f6re K\u00fcrtler do\u011fadaki g\u00fczelliklerin perilerin dokunu\u015fuyla oldu\u011funa inan\u0131r. Cinler ise Asuri, K\u00fcrt ve Ezidilerin ortak inanc\u0131d\u0131r. Cinler kendilerini g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez k\u0131lan k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 bir ba\u015fl\u0131k giyerler. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7irkin, baz\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00fczel, baz\u0131lar\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fc baz\u0131lar\u0131ysa iyidir. Vadi derinliklerinde, ma\u011faralar\u0131n kuytular\u0131nda saklan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
Baz\u0131 K\u00fcrtler evlerinin e\u015fiklerine s\u0131cak su d\u00f6kmez \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc cinler orada otururlar. Kimi inan\u0131\u015flara g\u00f6re cinler her ne kadar ate\u015ften yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsalar da yeme\u011fe ihtiya\u00e7 duyar. \u0130nsanlarla ileti\u015fim kurabilirler. Hatta 1750 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6len Botan Emiri Muhammed bir periyle evliydi. Hayaletlere olan inan\u00e7 ise son derece derindi. \u00d6yle ki bir Ezidi \u015feyhi olan \u015eeyh Gamo bu y\u00fczden akl\u0131n\u0131 yitirip intihar etti.<\/p>\n
K\u00fcrtler horozun yeni evlilere u\u011fur getirdi\u011fine inan\u0131rd\u0131. Ezidiler i\u00e7in tavus ku\u015fu kutsalken y\u0131lan ise korkulan bir canl\u0131d\u0131r. Ezidiler aras\u0131nda y\u0131lanlar\u0131 deli\u011finden \u00e7\u0131karan avc\u0131lar, y\u0131lan yutanlar vard\u0131. Bir\u00e7ok K\u00fcrt de g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenen \u201cmara ezman ad\u0131 verilen bir efsanevi hayvana inan\u0131rd\u0131. Hen\u00fcz hi\u00e7 kimsenin g\u00f6rmedi\u011fi bu hayvan\u0131n bir g\u00fcn yery\u00fcz\u00fcne d\u00fc\u015fece\u011fi inanc\u0131 h\u00e2kimdi.<\/p>\n
Baz\u0131 K\u00fcrtlere g\u00f6re ay tutulmas\u0131 da dev bir balinan\u0131n ya da ejderhan\u0131n onu yutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sonucunda oluyordu. Bunu engellemek i\u00e7in ay tutulmas\u0131 oldu\u011funda K\u00fcrtler m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca \u00e7ok g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc \u00e7\u0131kararak ay\u0131 yutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan hayvan\u0131 kovarlard\u0131.<\/p>\n
K\u00fcrtler kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n u\u011fursuzluk getirdi\u011fine inan\u0131rken t\u00fcm insanlar\u0131n g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnde bir y\u0131ld\u0131z olarak temsil edildi\u011fini ve insan \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde onunla beraber y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n da \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerdi.<\/p>\n
Bois\u2019e g\u00f6re en k\u00f6kl\u00fc bat\u0131l inan\u00e7 nazara ili\u015fkindi. K\u00fcrtler hemen hemen t\u00fcm k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckleri nazara ba\u011fl\u0131yordu. Bu y\u00fczden \u00e7ocuklar ve bebeklerin omuzlar\u0131na nazar boncu\u011fu ili\u015ftirilirdi. Yine evlerin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr bir yerinde nazar boncu\u011fu as\u0131l\u0131 olurdu.<\/p>\n
Eskiden baz\u0131 K\u00fcrtler aras\u0131nda yayg\u0131n tuhaf b\u00fcy\u00fcler de vard\u0131. Misal kocas\u0131n\u0131 eve ba\u011flamak isteyen bir kad\u0131n onun yeme\u011fine gizlice e\u015fek beyni koyard\u0131. Bu \u015fekilde erke\u011fin bir e\u015fek gibi idare edebilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Yerde etraf\u0131na \u00e7ember \u00e7izmek ise k\u00f6t\u00fc ruhlardan korunma amac\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Bir cinin ya da k\u00f6t\u00fc ruhun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hisseden biri hemen kendi etraf\u0131na bir \u00e7ubukla \u00e7ember \u00e7izer b\u00f6ylece kendini sak\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ya\u011fmur getirmek i\u00e7in ise H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n ha\u00e7\u0131na benzer tahtadan bir cisim yap\u0131l\u0131r ve bunun her iki kolundan tutularak dualar edilirdi.<\/p>\n
K\u00fcrtlerde Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fckten kalma pagan ibadetlerinin etkisi de g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. G\u00fcne\u015f ve ate\u015fin K\u00fcrt toplumlar\u0131ndaki kutsall\u0131\u011f\u0131 buna delalettir. Ate\u015fe t\u00fck\u00fcrmek neredeyse \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl bir g\u00fcnaht\u0131r. Bebek ilk do\u011fdu\u011funda ate\u015f \u00e7evresinde dola\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r, gen\u00e7 k\u0131z evlenirken yine ate\u015fin \u00e7evresinde bir daire \u00e7izer. Elde ate\u015fle bir s\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7ilmez.<\/p>\n
K\u00fcrtlerde do\u011faya tap\u0131nman\u0131n sembolleri olan uygulamalar da vard\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin tepeba\u015flar\u0131ndaki kayalardaki ziyaretler, baz\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7lar, kuru dallar dahi kutsal say\u0131labiliyordu. Yine bir\u00e7ok K\u00fcrt a\u015firetleri su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 kutsal sayar ve ziyaret ederek dualar ederdi. Ve bunlar \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n t\u00fcm yasaklamalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f geleneklerdi.<\/p>\n
Serdar Ero\u011flu <\/p>\n
K\u00fcrdistan Stratejik Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Merkezi<\/p>\n
www.navendalekolin.com – www.lekolin.org – www.lekolin.net \u2013 www.lekolin.info\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/p>\n
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