\t\t\t\t\t\t\t ![](\"http:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/3791-1.jpg\")
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n
DERS\u0130M \u0130SYANI VE KATL\u0130AMI<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130syan \u00d6ncesi Durum<\/strong> 1938’e kadar hi\u00e7bir askerin ayak basamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir b\u00f6lge olan \u015eeyh Sait isyan\u0131ndan sonra K\u00fcrdistan’da h\u00e2kimiyetini kurmaya 25 Aral\u0131k 1935\u2019te \u201cTunceli Kanunu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. Bu kanunla Alpdo\u011fan, 1936\u2018da Dersim\u2019in Amutka, Pulur, Karao\u011flan, Sin, Dersim\u2019liler Seyit R\u0131za \u00f6nderli\u011finde 1937 y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda M. Demenan a\u015fireti ile baz\u0131 Naz\u0131miye a\u015firetleri kendi \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130SYANIN BA\u015eLAMASI<\/strong><\/p>\n 1936 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar a\u015firet gelene\u011fiyle kendi kendini y\u00f6neten Direni\u015f \u00f6ncesi 1928, 29 ve 31 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Dersimliler\u2019den Seyit R\u0131za, askeri vali Alpdo\u011fan\u2019dan tekrar tekrar Tunceli Devletin Dersim\u2019e d\u00f6n\u00fck teslim alma stratejisi ve program\u0131 \u00a0<\/p>\n \u0130\u015eGAL S\u00dcREC\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130\u015fgal s\u00fcreci, Kahmut k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn yak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 20\/22 Mart 1937\u2018den \u00a0<\/p>\n SOYKIRIM S\u00dcREC\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n Dersim \u00fczerinde geli\u015ftirilen soyk\u0131r\u0131m s\u00fcreci, 11\/12 Haziran <\/p>\n S\u00dcRG\u00dcN S\u00dcREC\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n 10 A\u011fustos 1938\u2018den 31 A\u011fustos 1938\u2018e kadar ki s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. Bu 1937 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131y\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6zellikle Ali\u015fer\u2019in \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 1938 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131m\u0131 ise, 22\u201328 Haziran aras\u0131nda (bo\u015falt\u0131lmak Devlet ar\u015fivlerindeki 1920\u2019lerin sonlar\u0131 ve 30\u2019lu y\u0131llar\u0131n Jandarma Umum Kumandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Dersim adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda d\u00f6nemin Burada yakla\u015f\u0131k doksan a\u015firetten 347 \u00f6nde gelen ailenin, 1938 katliam\u0131 Kemalist y\u00f6netim taraf\u0131ndan, ba\u015fta Mustafa Bu soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n \u00f6nceden planlanan bilin\u00e7li bir stratejinin Osmanl\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk y\u00f6netimleri kendi otoritelerini zor \u0130\u015fte Devlet-Dersim \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6keninde yatan budur.<\/p>\n Bu \u015fekilde ba\u015flayan Devlet-Dersim \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 1938 soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na \u00a0<\/p>\n SONU\u00c7<\/strong><\/p>\n \u201cKozluca Muharebesi sonras\u0131nda Seyit R\u0131za Munzur da\u011flar\u0131na \u0130syan\u0131n \u00f6nderi durumundaki Seyit R\u0131za ve Ali\u015fer’in Dersim devlet taraf\u0131ndan 10 y\u0131l i\u00e7in (1938\u201348) \u201cYasak B\u00f6lge\u201c \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n QAZ\u0130 MUHAMMED VE MAHABAD CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130\u2019N\u0130N \u0130LANI<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/strong><\/p>\n Qazi Muhammed kimdir?\u00a0\u00a0 Qazi Muhammed Debokri A\u015fireti’nin n\u00fcfuzlu bir ailesinden Qazi Muhammed\u2019den \u00f6nce dedesi \u015eeyh El Me\u015fayih, 1930\u2019larda \u00a0<\/p>\n MAHABAD CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130N\u0130N KURULU\u015eU<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/span>1941\u2019de Sovyetler Rusya daha \u00e7ok Kafkasya\u2019daki konumunu g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek ve Rus politikas\u0131 b\u00f6lgede daha etkili oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u0130ngilizler bu En \u00f6nemlisi de bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te 1942 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulmu\u015f olan On bir ay gibi k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre ayakta kalan Mahabad Cumhuriyeti k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6t\u00fcren d\u0131\u015f neden ise \u0130ngiliz \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n K\u00fcrtler \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131 daha da Qazi Muhammed a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da en b\u00fcy\u00fck yetmezlik, b\u00f6lge <\/p>\n MAHABAD CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130N\u0130N YIKILI\u015eI VE QAZ\u0130 MUHAMMED’\u0130N \u0130DAMI<\/strong><\/p>\n K\u00fcrt siyasal hareketlili\u011finde ve sosyal \u00e7eli\u015fkilerinde Cumhuriyetin gelece\u011fi tamamen yerel a\u015firetlerin uyumuna Mami\u015f, Mansur ve Debok\u0131ri a\u015firetlerinin yeni cumhuriyete T\u00fcm bu nedenlerden dolay\u0131 hen\u00fcz bir y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 doldurmam\u0131\u015f gen\u00e7 \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130RAN K\u00dcRD\u0130STAN DEMOKRAT PART\u0130S\u0130 (\u0130-KDP)<\/strong><\/p>\n 1948 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra Do\u011fu K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da K\u00fcrt halk\u0131 aras\u0131nda Dr. Musadd\u0131k\u2019\u0131n 1951\u2019de ba\u015fa ge\u00e7mesiyle \u0130ran\u2019da daha \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 Barzani zamanla Pehlevi otoriteleriyle ili\u015fkilerini T\u00fcm bu de\u011fi\u015fikliklere ra\u011fmen, \u015eah\u2019\u0131n K\u00fcrt b\u00f6lgelerine 11 Mart 1970\u2019te Irak h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ile Irak K\u00fcrt y\u00f6netimi 1975\u2019te ise Cezayir Antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131yla \u0130ran daha Fakat 1979 y\u0131l\u0131nda kabul edilen \u0130ran \u0130slam cumhuriyeti 1980\u2019e do\u011fru gelindi\u011finde K\u00fcrt isyanlar\u0131n\u0131n daha da \u0130ran\u2019la yap\u0131lan bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme ve var\u0131lan anla\u015fmalar \u00fczerine 1980\u2019le beraber T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 12 Eyl\u00fcl cuntas\u0131n\u0131n darbeyle ba\u015fa <\/p>\n GENEL SONU\u00c7<\/strong><\/p>\n K\u00fcrt isyanlar\u0131 iki ana kategoriye ayr\u0131labilir. Birincisi Ancak bu isyanlar\u0131 daha iyi anlayabilmek i\u00e7in biraz daha Zaten \u201cKurd kelimesi \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda Bu ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyetinin ilk ba\u015fbakanlar\u0131ndan ve K\u00fcrtlerin da\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya do\u011fall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve tarihteki bu K\u00fcrtlerin di\u011fer \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 co\u011frafya ile K\u00fcrdistan co\u011frafyas\u0131 ve iklimi de ya\u015fanan sava\u015flar kadar B\u00fct\u00fcn bu belirtilen \u00f6zellikleri K\u00fcrtleri, genel itibariyle K\u00fcrtler zaman zaman \u201ciktidar sahibi de olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Ama bu G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel ve tekniki geli\u015fim d\u00fczeyinin esas anlamda Hen\u00fcz 1639 y\u0131l\u0131nda, zaten kendi i\u00e7inde par\u00e7al\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u015fayan Sonras\u0131nda Bat\u0131l\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6zellikle de \u0130ngilizlerin Ortado\u011fu ve Giri\u015fte iki kategoriye ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z K\u00fcrtlerdeki isyan \u015eeyh Ubeydullah isyan\u0131nda en \u00f6nemli boyutlardan biri de \u015eeyh Ubeydullah, \u015eeyh Tahay\u00ea Hakkari\u2019nin o\u011fludur. Tahay\u00ea \u015eeyh Sait\u2019in dedesi de Mevlana Halid\u2019in \u00f6\u011frencisidir. B\u00fct\u00fcn Osmanl\u0131 devleti, Nak\u015fibendicili\u011fi kendine g\u00f6re kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eeyh Sait ayaklanmas\u0131 sonras\u0131ndaki ayaklanmalarda ise Cumhuriyet d\u00f6nemindeki t\u00fcm ayaklanmalar soyk\u0131r\u0131m Tarihte geli\u015fen K\u00fcrt isyanlar\u0131na \u00f6nderlik eden ki\u015fi ve \u2022\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>T\u00fcm K\u00fcrt \u2022 <\/span>A\u015firetsel \u2022 <\/span>D\u00fcnyadaki ve \u2022 <\/span>Bat\u0131 Dosyan\u0131n di\u011fer b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerine ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki linkleri kullanabilirsiniz<\/strong><\/p>\n G\u0130R\u0130\u015e<\/a><\/p>\n B\u00d6L\u00dcM 1<\/a><\/p>\n B\u00d6L\u00dcM 2<\/a><\/p>\n
<\/span><\/p>\n
\nDersim, a\u015firetler taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netiliyordu. Osmanl\u0131’dan beri ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131
\nkorumu\u015f, kendi kendini y\u00f6netmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n
\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Cumhuriyet rejimi, Dersim’in bu yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kendisi i\u00e7in tehlike olarak
\ng\u00f6rmekteydi. <\/p>\n
\nbirlikte Dersim\u2019in ad\u0131 \u201cTunceli olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilir. Hemen sonra, daha \u00f6nce
\nBirinci Genel M\u00fcfetti\u015flik kapsam\u0131nda bulunan Elaz\u0131\u011f, Tunceli, Erzincan ve
\nBing\u00f6l\u2019\u00fc i\u00e7eren Elaz\u0131\u011f merkezli D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Genel Valilik kurulur (6 Ocak 1936).
\nGenel valili\u011fin ba\u015f\u0131na Dersim Valisi ve Kumandan\u0131 s\u0131fat\u0131yla Abdullah Alpdo\u011fan
\ngetirilir. Elaz\u0131\u011f\u2019da \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi ad\u0131 verilen bir askeri mahkeme kurulur.
\nBu mahkeme \u00f6zel olarak Dersim i\u00e7in te\u015fkil edilir. Tunceli Kanunu\u2019nun ge\u00e7erlilik
\nalan\u0131 sadece D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Genel Valilik kapsam\u0131na giren illerle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmaz.
\nSivas, Malatya, Erzurum ve G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane illeri de bu kanunun ge\u00e7erlilik alan\u0131na
\ndahil edilirler. B\u00f6ylece Tunceli Kanunu merkezi Dersim olmak \u00fczere, (Alevi)
\nK\u0131z\u0131lba\u015flar\u0131n yerle\u015fik oldu\u011fu t\u00fcm sahay\u0131 kapsam\u0131na al\u0131r. Dersim, yeni \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan
\nbu kanunla \u201cYasak B\u00f6lge\u201c ilan edilir ve giri\u015f \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar \u00f6zel izne tabi tutulur.<\/p>\n
\nHaydaran, Danzig ve Burnak gibi stratejik merkezlerinde askeri k\u0131\u015flalar ve
\nkarakollar in\u015fa etmeye ba\u015flar. Bu merkezlerden biri de eskiden Mazgirt\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131
\nolan Manikan (Mameki) k\u00f6y\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu k\u00f6y\u00fcn ad\u0131, Tunceli olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilen
\nDersim\u2019in y\u00f6netim merkezi olarak se\u00e7ilir.<\/p>\n
\nKemal’e bir uyar\u0131 bildirisi sunarak “B\u00fct\u00fcn jandarma ve ordu mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n
\nb\u00f6lgeden \u00e7ekilmesini, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc imar (askeri ama\u00e7l\u0131) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n (k\u00f6pr\u00fc,
\ndemiryolu vb.) durdurulmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyip, silahlar\u0131n\u0131 koruma hakk\u0131 ve vergilerin
\nhafifletilmesi” gibi taleplerde bulunurlar. Bu istekler cevap bulmay\u0131nca
\nDersim halk\u0131, i\u015fgalci g\u00fc\u00e7lere kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015fe ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n
\nb\u00f6lgelerinde yap\u0131m\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131lan karakollara bask\u0131nlar d\u00fczenler. B\u00f6ylelikle \u0130syan
\nba\u015flar (1936).<\/p>\n
\nve \u00f6zerk bir konumu olan Dersim, 1937\u201338 y\u0131l\u0131nda devletin i\u015fgal ve da\u011f\u0131tma
\ngiri\u015fimine kar\u015f\u0131 bir savunma sava\u015f\u0131 olarak patlak verir.<\/p>\n
\nbirka\u00e7 kez silahlar\u0131n\u0131 teslim etmeleri ve ba\u015fta Ali\u015fer olmak \u00fczere Dersime s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f
\nKo\u00e7giri sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n iade etmeleri istenir. Bu \u0131srarl\u0131 tehditler ve sald\u0131r\u0131
\nhaz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda 1932\u2018de Dersim\u2019de bir k\u0131p\u0131rdanma g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Karakollar ve
\nnahiye merkezleri bas\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\nKanunu\u2019nun iptalini (ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc rejimin la\u011fv\u0131n\u0131) ve Dersim\u2019in ulusal haklar\u0131n\u0131n
\ntan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 talep eder. Alpdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n buna yan\u0131t\u0131 ise, i\u015fgal ordusunu Dersim\u2019in
\n\u00fczerine s\u00fcrmek olur. Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019dan kalkan u\u00e7aklar Dersim\u2019e bomba ya\u011fd\u0131rmaya
\nba\u015flar. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmalar her tarafa yay\u0131l\u0131r. K\u0131\u015f\u0131n gelmesiyle zorunlu olarak kesilen
\n\u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar, 1937\u2018de tekrar ba\u015flar. <\/p>\n
\nvard\u0131. Amac\u0131 Dersim\u2018i kesin \u015fekilde ilhak (i\u015fgal) etmek ve insans\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rmakt\u0131.
\nHaz\u0131rl\u0131klar \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fcyd\u00fc. Musul ve Hatay gibi sorunlar nedeniyle bir-iki kez
\nertelenmek zorunda kal\u0131nan Dersim harek\u00e2t\u0131 ancak 1937 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flayabildi.<\/p>\n
\nSeyit R\u0131za ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n idam edildi\u011fi 15 Kas\u0131m 1937\u2018ye kadarki s\u00fcredir. Bu
\ns\u00fcre\u00e7 kendi i\u00e7inde 20\/22 Mart\u201319 May\u0131s, 19 May\u0131s\u201326\/28 A\u011fustos, 26\/28
\nA\u011fustos\u20135\/15 Eyl\u00fcl ve 15 Ekim\u201315 Kas\u0131m \u015feklinde b\u00f6l\u00fcnebilir. Dersim a\u015firetleri
\ndirenme yanl\u0131lar\u0131, tarafs\u0131zlar ve devletle i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapanlar (milislik
\nyapanlar) olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7e b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bava, Ali\u015fer ve Sahan suikastlar\u0131 ile
\nSeyit R\u0131za\u2019n\u0131n idam\u0131 bu zaman dilimindeki d\u00f6neme\u00e7lerdir. Seyit R\u0131za\u2019n\u0131n o\u011flu
\nBava\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesini (Mart sonu) takiben yedi a\u015firetin kendi aralar\u0131nda
\nolu\u015fturduklar\u0131 ittifakla topluca direni\u015f karar\u0131 al\u0131rlar. Ancak bu a\u015firetlerin
\nd\u00f6rt tanesi (Bahtiyar, Yukar\u0131 Abbas, Demenan ve Haydaran) al\u0131nan karara sonuna
\nkadar ba\u011fl\u0131 kal\u0131r. Al\u0131nan karara g\u00f6re, her a\u015firet kendi b\u00f6lgesini savunacakt\u0131r.
\nYusufanl\u0131lar\u2019\u0131n yeminlerini bozarak bu karar\u0131 uygulamay\u0131\u015flar\u0131, T\u00fcrk ordusunun
\n19 May\u0131s g\u00fcn\u00fc K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Da\u011f hatt\u0131na dek ilerlemesine yol a\u00e7ar. Bu ani ve
\nbeklenmedik durum, direni\u015fin kaderi \u00fczerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck rol oynar. Sivil halk
\nkitlesel bir halde Kutu ve Kalan derelerine s\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131r. Ali\u015fer\u2019in \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 9
\nTemmuz\u2019dan sonra, T\u00fcrk askerleri hemen her da\u011f\u0131n zirvesini ve her vadiyi i\u015fgal
\neder. Bu tarihten Sahan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 28 A\u011fustos\u2019a kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcrede sava\u015f
\ng\u00fcc\u00fc olamayan ve s\u0131\u011f\u0131naklara s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan kad\u0131n, \u00e7ocuk, ya\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere
\nsivil halktan binlerce ki\u015fi katledilir. 28 A\u011fustos g\u00fcn\u00fc Sahan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi
\n(Bahtiyar direni\u015finin k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131), 1937 direni\u015finin sonunu i\u015faretler. Tarafs\u0131z
\na\u015firetler aras\u0131na \u00e7ekilerek onlar\u0131 direni\u015fe \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran Seyit R\u0131za, t\u00fcm \u00e7abalar\u0131na
\nra\u011fmen sonu\u00e7 alamaz. <\/p>\n
\n1938\u2018den 10 A\u011fustos 1938\u2018e kadar ki s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. 1938 y\u0131l\u0131 olaylar\u0131 \u201cyasak
\nb\u00f6lgeler\u201c olarak ilan edilen \u0130\u00e7 Dersimin neredeyse t\u00fcm\u00fc (Kutu dere-K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131
\nDa\u011f-Sin ve Halvori kuzeyindeki Ha\u00e7\u0131l\u0131 Dere hatt\u0131ndan Mercan Da\u011flar\u0131
\neteklerindeki Karacakale\u2019ye kadarki b\u00f6lge) ile Ko\u00e7an a\u015firetlerinin b\u00f6lgesini
\n(Ali Bo\u011faz\u0131 ve \u00e7evresi) bo\u015faltma giri\u015fiminin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 11\/12 Haziran\u2019da ba\u015flar.
\nBu durum 1937 direni\u015fine kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olan ve ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en iki b\u00f6lgede yerle\u015fik K\u00f6r
\nAbbas, Bal, Ke\u00e7el ve Ko\u00e7an gibi a\u015firetlerin \u00e7etin direni\u015fine yol a\u00e7ar. Bu
\ndireni\u015fler \u00f6zellikle 22 Haziran\u2019dan itibaren topluca ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen
\nkatliamlarla bast\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bu periyodun (1938 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n) en \u00f6nemli olay\u0131, ad\u0131n\u0131
\nDersimin L\u00e2\u00e7in a\u015firetinden alan \u00fcnl\u00fc La\u00e7 Deresi\u2019nde cereyan eder. La\u00e7
\nDeresi\u2019ndeki \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n en \u015fiddetlisi ise 19\u201324 Temmuz tarihleri aras\u0131nda
\nya\u015fan\u0131r. <\/p>\n
\naral\u0131kta bo\u015falt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulunan Dersim halk\u0131 ile di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerden ay\u0131klan\u0131p
\ntoplananlar Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019daki \u00f6nceden saptanm\u0131\u015f yerlere topluca s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilir.<\/p>\n
\n9 Temmuz ile Sahan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 28 A\u011fustos tarihleri aras\u0131na rastlar. Bu
\naral\u0131ktaki en kanl\u0131 olaylar 17\u201318 A\u011fustos g\u00fcnlerinde Bahtiyar b\u00f6lgesindeki
\n\u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalarda ya\u015fan\u0131r. Seyit R\u0131za\u2019n\u0131n pek \u00e7ok yak\u0131n\u0131 da bu \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmada ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131
\nyitirir.<\/p>\n
\nistenen Kalan b\u00f6lgesinde Baltal\u0131-K\u00fcrekli muharebesi), 19\u201324 Temmuz aras\u0131nda
\n(La\u00e7 Deresi\u2019nde) ve 15 A\u011fustos\u2019ta (Xe\u00e7 bask\u0131n\u0131 ve Xe\u00e7-Z\u0131mek toplu k\u0131y\u0131m\u0131) yer
\nal\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\nba\u015flar\u0131na ili\u015fkin raporlar, 1937\u201338 soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na denk gelen d\u00f6nemde Dersimin
\ni\u015fgalini tamamlamak ve \u00fclkeyi insans\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla devletin yapmakta
\noldu\u011fu \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir resmini vermektedir. Dersim
\na\u015firetleri, her birinin say\u0131 ve silah g\u00fcc\u00fc, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ili\u015fkileri ve
\n\u00e7eli\u015fkileri konusunda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgilerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Jandarma Umum
\nKumandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u201cDersim adl\u0131 kitab\u0131 da bu haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kitap
\nkaynak olarak MAH (Milli Amele Hizmeti) Raporu ve Birinci Umumi M\u00fcfetti\u015flik
\n(1927\/8\u201335) raporlar\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r. MAH, 1927\u2019de kurulmu\u015f T\u00fcrk istihbarat
\nte\u015fkilat\u0131d\u0131r. 1965 y\u0131l\u0131nda ad\u0131 M\u0130T olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\n\u0130\u00e7 \u0130\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Kaya\u2019n\u0131n Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011fa verdi\u011fi 18.11.1931 tarihli
\nraporunun Ek b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Lahika ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi verilmektedir. Bu Ek,
\ndaha o tarihte (1931), haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131lan sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 takiben Dersimde
\nkimlerin nerelere s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ve isk\u00e2n edilece\u011fine ili\u015fkin olarak Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011fa
\nsunulmu\u015f bir pland\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\nBat\u0131\u2019ya ve Trakya\u2019ya s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc, bunlardan 72 ailenin Tekirda\u011f\u2019a, 38 ailenin
\nEdirne\u2019ye, 56 ailenin K\u0131rklareli\u2019ne, 65 ailenin Bal\u0131kesir\u2019e, 73 ailenin
\nManisa\u2019ya ve 34 ailenin de \u0130zmir\u2019e isk\u00e2n\u0131 \u00f6neriliyor. Nakliye masraf\u0131 ve
\ng\u00fczerg\u00e2h\u0131 bile saptanm\u0131\u015f. <\/p>\n
\nKemal olmak \u00fczere T\u00fcrk devletinin kurucular\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6nceden planlan\u0131p
\nger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n
\nsonucu oldu\u011funun kan\u0131tlar\u0131 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131ndan beri haz\u0131rlanan Dersim
\nRaporlar\u0131\u2019nda, T\u00fcrk istihbarat te\u015fkilat\u0131 MAH\u2019\u0131n ve askeri m\u00fcfetti\u015fliklerin
\nraporlar\u0131nda, \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Kaya\u2019n\u0131n raporunda, Jandarma Umum
\nKumandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Dersim adl\u0131 yay\u0131n\u0131nda, Meclis konu\u015fmalar\u0131 ve d\u00f6nemin T\u00fcrk
\nbas\u0131n\u0131nda yer alan haber ve yaz\u0131larda apa\u00e7\u0131k sergilenmektedir.<\/p>\n
\nkullanarak Dersim\u2019e ta\u015f\u0131mak istemi\u015f, hatta m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse Dersimi haritadan b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn
\nsilmeyi ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Dersim ise buna kar\u015f\u0131 direnmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\ndek devam etti. Dersim davas\u0131 i\u015fte bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te g\u00fcndeme oturdu ve yabanc\u0131 bir
\ng\u00fcc\u00fcn i\u015fgal ve imha giri\u015fimlerine kar\u015f\u0131 birbirini izleyen, kendisini savunma
\nama\u00e7l\u0131 bir seri direni\u015ften olu\u015fur. <\/p>\n
\nmevzilenir. Erzincan valisi \u201cisteklerinin kabul edilece\u011fi haberini g\u00f6nderir.
\nBunun \u00fczerine 5 Eyl\u00fcl 1937’de Seyit R\u0131za, yolda\u015flar\u0131yla birlikte Erzincan’a
\nula\u015f\u0131r. Burada Seyit R\u0131za ve yolda\u015flar\u0131 hemen tutuklanarak zindana at\u0131l\u0131rlar.
\nSeyit R\u0131za’n\u0131n da aralar\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu 58 ki\u015fi, hemen Elaz\u0131\u011f’da, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc
\nyetkilerle donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve karar\u0131 temyiz edilemeyen \u00f6zel bir mahkemede
\nyarg\u0131lanmaya ba\u015flarlar. Mahkeme 11 ki\u015fiye idam cezas\u0131 verir. D\u00f6rt ki\u015finin
\ncezas\u0131 \u00e7ok ya\u015fl\u0131 olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in 30 y\u0131l hapse \u00e7evrilir. Seyit R\u0131za ve be\u015f
\ndireni\u015f\u00e7inin idam karar\u0131 18 Kas\u0131m 1937’de Elaz\u0131\u011f Bu\u011fday Meydan\u0131’nda infaz
\nedilir. Seyit R\u0131za gururla idam sehpas\u0131na do\u011fru ilerler ve cell\u00e2d\u0131 itip, ipi
\nboynuna ge\u00e7irir. Sandalyeye aya\u011f\u0131 ile tekme vurup kendi infaz\u0131n\u0131 da kendisi
\nger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir. <\/p>\n
\nkatledilmeleriyle isyan fiili olarak sona erer. Ancak katliamlar 1938 y\u0131l\u0131nda
\nda s\u00fcrer. Seyit R\u0131za’n\u0131n idam\u0131ndan sonra, Dersim’de direni\u015f bitmez. 1938
\ny\u0131l\u0131nda jandarma m\u00fcfrezesi imha edilir, karakollar bas\u0131l\u0131r. T\u00fcrk ordusu, bir
\nharek\u00e2t daha ba\u015flat\u0131r. Y\u00fczlerce insan bu harek\u00e2tta katledilir, evlere
\ndoldurularak yak\u0131l\u0131r. Bu kitle katliam\u0131 haftalarca s\u00fcrer.\u00a0 <\/span>Ama\u00e7 Dersim\u2019i bir daha k\u0131p\u0131rdayamayacak hale
\ngetirmektir. Dersim topraklar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc en b\u00fcy\u00fck katliamlar ya\u015fan\u0131r. De\u011fi\u015fik
\nkaynaklara g\u00f6re 40 bin ile 90 bin aras\u0131nda Dersimli\u2019nin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, 206 k\u00f6y\u00fcn
\nyak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, 8758 evin tahrip edildi\u011fi ve on binlerce Dersimli\u2019nin yerinden
\nyurdundan zorla bat\u0131ya g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirildi\u011fi bir soyk\u0131r\u0131md\u0131r. Hala bug\u00fcn bile zaman
\nzaman Lac Deresi’nde, Kutu Deresi’nde, Ali Bo\u011faz\u0131’nda kur\u015funa dizilen, Iksor
\nu\u00e7urumlar\u0131ndan at\u0131lan binlerce insan\u0131n kemiklerine rastlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\nilan edilmi\u015ftir. Bu zaman zarf\u0131nda yo\u011fun bir T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme program\u0131 uygulan\u0131r.
\nResmi a\u011f\u0131zlar Dersim meselesinin bitti\u011fini ilan etse de da\u011flara s\u0131\u011f\u0131nanlar\u0131n
\nolu\u015fturdu\u011fu gerilla birimlerinin (yerel dilde Qol) m\u00fccadelesi 1946 aff\u0131na dek
\ns\u00fcrer.<\/p>\n
\n<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
\ngelmekteydi. Qazi ailesi Mahabad ve \u00e7evresinin en dindar ailesi oldu\u011fu gibi
\nK\u00fcrdistan’\u0131n kritik zamanlar\u0131nda g\u00f6sterdikleri cesaret ve fedak\u00e2rl\u0131k ile de
\ntan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Qazi Muhammed bir\u00e7ok yabanc\u0131 dil bilirdi. Sosyal, siyasal ve
\nekonomik konularda birikim sahibi bir ayd\u0131nd\u0131. Babas\u0131n\u0131n vefat\u0131ndan sonra
\n1930’lu y\u0131llarda Mahabad B\u00f6lgesi’nin Qazilik (kad\u0131l\u0131k) makam\u0131na ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. K\u0131sa
\ns\u00fcrede Mahabad ve \u00e7evresinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir itibara sahip olmu\u015f, halk\u0131n sevgi ve sayg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131
\nkazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1940’l\u0131 y\u0131llarda b\u00f6lgede b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kaos ve karga\u015fa ya\u015fan\u0131rken,
\nMehabad’da huzur ve d\u00fczen hakimdi. Qazi Muhammed 1945’te Komala’ya \u00fcye olmu\u015f ve
\nhemen akabinde Komela ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na se\u00e7ilmi\u015fti. <\/p>\n
\nK\u00fcrt a\u015firetlerini bir araya getirerek \u0130ngilizlere kar\u015f\u0131 isyana giri\u015fir. Yine
\namcas\u0131 Qazi Fettah, Mahabad \u015fehrini korumak i\u00e7in 1916 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrklere ve
\nRuslara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nemli direni\u015flerde bulunur.<\/p>\n
\nbirli\u011fi ve \u0130ngilizlerin, K\u00fcrdistan co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fgal
\netmesiyle (25 A\u011fustos 1941) Mahabad a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da \u00f6nemli f\u0131rsatlar do\u011fmu\u015ftur. <\/p>\n
\nOrtado\u011fu\u2019da daha etkin olmak i\u00e7in \u0130ran\u2019da n\u00fcfuz sahibi olmak istiyordu. Ayn\u0131
\n\u015fekilde \u0130ngiltere de Asya\u2019daki konumunu g\u00fcvenceye almak ve \u0130ran ile Irak\u2019\u0131n
\npetrollerine sahip olmak i\u00e7in \u0130ran\u2019da etkinlik kurmak istiyordu. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla
\n\u0130ngiltere s\u00fcrekli olarak \u0130ran\u2019daki K\u00fcrtleri yan\u0131na \u00e7ekmeye \u00e7abalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\ndurumu kendi lehine \u00e7evirmeye \u00e7abalar. Fakat \u0130ngilizlerin Ruslar\u0131 b\u00f6lgede
\ngeriletmesi hi\u00e7 de kolay olmayacakt\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc K\u00fcrtler hemen yan\u0131 ba\u015flar\u0131nda
\nbulunan ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunan bir devlete daha \u00e7ok umut ba\u011flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\nNitekim \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n i\u015fgali \u00fczerinden hen\u00fcz bir k\u0131\u015f ge\u00e7memi\u015fti ki bir grup K\u00fcrt
\na\u015firet lideri kimi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler i\u00e7in hemen Sovyetlere giderler. Yine 4 Eyl\u00fcl 1942
\ny\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ran\u2019daki t\u00fcm K\u00fcrt \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin de kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla bir toplant\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.\n<\/p>\n
\nKomala\u2019n\u0131n, illegaliteden s\u0131yr\u0131l\u0131p legal bir konuma gelmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Daha \u00f6nce
\ngizli olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Komala, \u201cK\u00fcrdistan Demokrat Partisi\u201c ad\u0131yla resmi ilan\u0131n\u0131
\nger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir. Komala\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc faaliyetler de bundan b\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a
\nger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. \u0130ran-KDP’nin ba\u015f\u0131na da Qazi Muhammed getirilir. Parti
\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 da Sovyetlere ba\u011fl\u0131 olup onlar\u0131n perspektifleri do\u011frultusunda
\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Yine Ruslar\u0131n deste\u011fi ile 1946\u2019da Mahabad K\u00fcrt Cumhuriyeti kurulur.
\nH\u00e2lbuki daha bir ka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar Ruslar, Komala\u2019n\u0131n y\u00f6neticileri
\nkendilerine itaat etmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmemi\u015flerdi. \u0130-KDP\u2019nin
\nilan\u0131na gidildi\u011fi an ise Ruslar kendilerine ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 a\u015firet reisini h\u00e2kim
\nkonuma getirmek istemi\u015flerdir. Mami\u015f a\u015firet reisi Kirni a\u011fa, \u015eikak a\u015firet reisi
\n\u00d6merhan \u015eerif ve daha \u00f6nce \u0130ran h\u00fck\u00fcmeti taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6d\u00fcllendirilmi\u015f olup
\nmuhafazak\u00e2r kimli\u011fiyle tan\u0131nan Emir Esad Debok\u0131ri olmaktayd\u0131. <\/p>\n
\nCumhuriyetinin bu kadar erken y\u0131k\u0131lma nedenlerinden en \u00f6nemlisi yine K\u00fcrtler
\ni\u00e7in tarihi bir handikap olan i\u00e7 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar, \u00e7eli\u015fkiler, a\u015firet \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 ve
\n\u015fahsi menfaatlerin \u00f6nde tutulmas\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
\nve Ruslar\u0131n anla\u015fmaya varmas\u0131yla Ruslar\u2019\u0131n k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede \u0130ran\u2019da bulunan askeri
\ng\u00fc\u00e7lerini \u00e7ekmesidir. Desteksiz kalan Cumhuriyet, \u0130ran h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ile kar\u015f\u0131
\nkar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131r. Zaten \u0130ran, \u00f6ncesinde de Urmiye ve \u00e7evresindeki bir\u00e7ok y\u00f6netici
\nMahabad cumhuriyeti taraf\u0131ndan atanmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen hi\u00e7 bir zaman bu
\ny\u00f6neticilerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmemi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n
\n\u015fiddetlenince siyasal a\u00e7\u0131dan daha \u00e7etin ve zor bir s\u00fcrece girilir. \u0130-KDP
\nb\u00fcnyesinde bir grup gen\u00e7 TUDEH ad\u0131yla ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hareket etmeye ba\u015flar. Yine bu
\ns\u00fcre\u00e7te Mahabad Cumhuriyetinde Genelkurmay olarak orduyu y\u00f6neten M. Mustafa
\nBarzani, Qazi Muhammed ile olan s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmelerinden dolay\u0131 \u0130ran\u2019la olan
\n\u00e7eli\u015fkileri daha da derinle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in 800 ki\u015filik bir pe\u015fmerge grubuyla Sak\u0131z
\n\u015fehrinde \u0130ran ordusuna bir darbe indirir. Bu \u00e7eki\u015fme daha \u00e7ok, Barzani\u2019nin
\nIrak\u2019a geri d\u00f6nme ve deste\u011fini Cumhuriyetten \u00e7ekme iste\u011finden
\nkaynaklanmaktayd\u0131. <\/p>\n
\n\u00fczerinde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen \u00e7eli\u015fki ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131nda siyasal bir \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fc sahibi
\nolmamas\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
\ngizlenen b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmeme sorunu ne yaz\u0131k ki, Mahabad rejiminde de kendini
\ng\u00f6sterir. Par\u00e7alanma ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara yol a\u00e7an unsurlar \u00e7ok fazla ve \u00e7e\u015fitliydi.
\nA\u015firet ve K\u00fcrt liderlerinin birbirleriyle rekabet etmeleri, birbirlerine tuzak
\nkurmalar\u0131, aile menfaatlerini \u00f6nde tutmalar\u0131 vb. daha bir\u00e7ok husus K\u00fcrtler
\naras\u0131ndaki kayna\u015fma ve birli\u011fi engellemi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n
\nba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131. Oysa bu a\u015firetler bir araya gelmeyecek kadar birbirlerine uzak ve
\nd\u00fc\u015fman konumdayd\u0131lar. Yine bir k\u0131s\u0131m a\u015firet mensubu Ruslar\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrekli
\n\u015f\u00fcpheyle kar\u015f\u0131lam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Oysaki gen\u00e7 kesim ve ayd\u0131nlar Ruslar\u0131n K\u00fcrtlere olan
\nyak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olduk\u00e7a s\u0131cak kar\u015f\u0131lamaktad\u0131rlar. Bu durum bile kendi ba\u015f\u0131na bir
\nfikir ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve par\u00e7al\u0131l\u0131k yarat\u0131yordu. Daha geni\u015f \u00e7er\u00e7eveden bakacak
\nolursak, Cumhuriyetin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda K\u00fcrtlerin farkl\u0131l\u0131k arz eden bu konumlar\u0131n\u0131
\nsosyal, siyasal, ekonomik ve tarihi nedenlere dayand\u0131rmak gerekmektedir. <\/p>\n
\nkar\u015f\u0131 bunca uzak durma ve muhalefet y\u00fcr\u00fctme nedenlerinden en \u00f6nemlisi hi\u00e7
\nku\u015fkusuz \u0130-KDP\u2019nin ba\u015f\u0131ndaki Cumhuriyetin \u00f6nderi olan Qazi Muhammed’in biraz
\ndaha ayd\u0131n ve \u015fehirli g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fc olmu\u015ftur. <\/p>\n
\nCumhuriyet d\u0131\u015ftan da Sovyet deste\u011finin \u00e7ekilmesiyle k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ya\u015far
\nQazi Muhammed ve Seyfi Kad\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok K\u00fcrt lideri hapse at\u0131l\u0131r.
\nDaha sonra Qazi Muhammed\u2019in karde\u015fi de tutuklan\u0131p hapse at\u0131l\u0131r. Her \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc de idam
\ncezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve cumhuriyetin ilan edildi\u011fi \u00c7ar\u00e7\u0131ra meydan\u0131nda idam
\nedilir.<\/p>\n
\nyeniden bir canl\u0131l\u0131k yaratabilmek i\u00e7in Rahim Sultan\u0131n ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda K\u00fcrdistan
\nkomitesi kurulur. Qazi Muhammed\u2019in yolunda ilerlemek ve davas\u0131n\u0131 sahiplenmek
\ni\u00e7in \u0130-KDP taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan bu komitenin y\u00f6neticileri TUDEH \u00fcyelerinden
\nolu\u015fmaktayd\u0131. Bu komitenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise 1950 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar devam eder.<\/p>\n
\nve demokratik bir y\u00f6netim sa\u011flan\u0131r. \u00d6yle ki, 1952 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ran genelinde
\nyap\u0131lan se\u00e7imlerde \u0130-KDP, kendi temsilcisi olan Sad\u0131k Veziri\u2019yi Mahabad\u2019tan
\nmilletvekili se\u00e7tirir. Bir s\u00fcre sonra ise \u0130-KDP ile TUDEH aras\u0131nda ayr\u0131l\u0131klar
\nba\u015f g\u00f6sterir. \u0130-KDP\u2019nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, Musadd\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin de devrilmesiyle
\niyice zay\u0131flar. 1958\u2019e gelindi\u011finde ise M. Mustafa Barzani\u2019nin Sovyetlerden
\nIrak\u2019a geri d\u00f6nmesiyle \u0130-KDP\u2019nin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 iyiden iyiye zay\u0131flar. Barzani \u0130ran
\nrejimiyle s\u0131k\u0131 ili\u015fkide oldu\u011fundan, \u0130-KDP\u2019nin bir\u00e7ok \u00fcyesini k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede ya
\ntutuklatt\u0131r\u0131r ya da bir yolla tasfiye ettirir. <\/p>\n
\ngeli\u015ftirdik\u00e7e \u0130-KDP\u2019nin gen\u00e7 \u00fcyeleri Barzani’den tamamen kopmaya ba\u015flar. Bunun
\n\u00fczerine 1964’te Abdullah \u0130shaci \u00f6nderli\u011findeki y\u00f6netim taraf\u0131ndan toplanan
\n\u0130-KDP\u2019nin II. Kurultay\u0131 \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikliklere gider. 1964’te \u0130-KDP\u2019nin
\nsaflar\u0131nda partinin yeni politik program\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftiren bir fraksiyon ortaya
\n\u00e7\u0131kar. <\/p>\n
\nsald\u0131rmas\u0131yla K\u00fcrtler zorunlu olarak 1967\u2019de silahl\u0131 direni\u015fe ge\u00e7mek zorunda
\nkal\u0131rlar. Bu esnada \u0130-KDP’ye kar\u015f\u0131 tamamen tav\u0131r alan Barzani, \u015eah\u2019a destek
\nsunarak silahl\u0131 direni\u015fi ba\u015flatan bir\u00e7ok K\u00fcrt \u00f6nc\u00fcn\u00fcn yakalanarak idam
\nedilmesini sa\u011flar. \u0130-KDP \u00f6nc\u00fclerinden S\u00fcleyman Munini bizzat Barzanilerin
\neliyle tasfiye edilir.<\/p>\n
\naras\u0131nda imzalanan anla\u015fma, \u0130ran K\u00fcrtleri aras\u0131nda da belli bir olumluluk
\nyarat\u0131r. Bunun \u00fczerine \u0130-KDP III. Konferans\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir. Abdurrahman
\nQas\u0131mlo parti ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na getirilir. Qas\u0131mlo Ba\u011fdat’tan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yard\u0131mla
\nvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
\n\u00f6nce Irakl\u0131 K\u00fcrtler ve Barzani’yle olan yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na son verir. Irak ve \u0130ran
\ns\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisindeki K\u00fcrtler tam anlam\u0131yla \u00e7embere al\u0131n\u0131p, bast\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Buna
\nkar\u015f\u0131n 1978\u2019de \u0130ran\u2019da K\u00fcrtlerin y\u00fckseltti\u011fi g\u00f6steriler, \u201ctoplumsal hayat\u0131n demokratikle\u015fmesi
\ny\u00f6n\u00fcnde a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kazan\u0131r. Bunun \u00fczerine 1978 yaz\u0131nda \u015eahl\u0131k siyasal partilerin
\nme\u015frulu\u011funu ilan eder ve daha \u00f6nce bask\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ka\u00e7an \u0130-KDP
\n\u00fcyeleri tekrardan \u0130ran’a d\u00f6ner. <\/p>\n
\nanayasas\u0131nda az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n de\u011fil de dinsel \u00f6\u011felerin haklar\u0131 tan\u0131n\u0131r. Bunun
\n\u00fczerine tekrar harekete ge\u00e7en \u0130-KDP, \u0130ran devletine K\u00fcrtler i\u00e7in otonomi
\niste\u011fini belirtir. 1979 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u00fcrt ayaklanmalar\u0131n\u0131n daha da t\u0131rmanmas\u0131yla
\n\u0130ran u\u00e7aklar\u0131 kimi K\u00fcrt yerle\u015fim alanlar\u0131n\u0131 bombalar. A. Qas\u0131mlo ve \u0130zzetin
\nH\u00fcseyin da\u011fl\u0131k alanlara \u00e7ekilir. Bu s\u0131rada \u00e7ok say\u0131da K\u00fcrt katledilir. Sonradan
\nParis’e ge\u00e7ip orada ya\u015fayan Qas\u0131mlo, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada \u201cotonomi hakk\u0131n\u0131 elde
\nedinceye dek\u201c m\u00fccadelelerini y\u00fckselteceklerini belirtir. <\/p>\n
\nt\u0131rmanmas\u0131ndan \u00e7ekinen \u0130ran rejimi K\u00fcrtlerle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere ge\u00e7er. \u0130ran
\ncumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Beni Sad\u0131r, istenilen otonominin ancak \u0130slam cumhuriyetinin
\nideolojik \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde olabilece\u011fini belirtir. <\/p>\n
\n\u0130-KDP i\u00e7erisinde b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeler ve fikir ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ba\u015f g\u00f6sterir. TUDEH yanl\u0131s\u0131
\nkadro Qas\u0131mlo ile \u00e7at\u0131\u015farak yar\u0131 bir olu\u015fuma do\u011fru giderler. Qas\u0131mlo ise \u0130ran
\nile y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerden medet ummu\u015f olmal\u0131 ki, \u0130ran \u0130slam rejimi ile
\ni\u015fbirli\u011fi yapman\u0131n olanakl\u0131 oldu\u011funda karar k\u0131lar. <\/p>\n
\ngelmesi ve \u0130ran\u2019da k\u00f6ktendincili\u011fin y\u00fckseli\u015fi, K\u00fcrtlere kar\u015f\u0131 komplo ve
\nkatliamlar\u0131 geli\u015ftirir. Humeyni K\u00fcrt sorununun bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l yollarla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn
\nuzla\u015fmaz d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 gibiydi. Bu nedenle K\u00fcrt d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 rejimin adamlar\u0131 1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda
\nA. Qas\u0131mlo\u2019yu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme esnas\u0131nda bir komplo ile katlederler. Sonras\u0131nda \u0130-KDP
\ngenel sekreterli\u011fine gelen Sad\u0131k \u015eerefkendi de ayn\u0131 ak\u0131bete u\u011frayarak bir
\nkomplo ile ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\nOsmanl\u0131 Devletinin iyice zay\u0131flay\u0131p par\u00e7alanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zellikle 19.
\ny\u00fczy\u0131lda \u00e7\u0131kan isyanlard\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde Osmanl\u0131 Devleti eriyip zay\u0131flad\u0131k\u00e7a
\nK\u00fcrdistan\u2019a y\u00fcklenmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha \u00e7ok asker ve daha \u00e7ok vergi isteyerek
\nK\u00fcrdistan\u2019da y\u00fczy\u0131llardan beri s\u00fcregelen yar\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Mirlikleri daraltmay\u0131
\nama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu da ard arda bir\u00e7ok isyana neden olmu\u015ftur. \u0130kinci kategoriye
\ngirenler ise T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulu\u015fu sonras\u0131 geli\u015fen isyanlard\u0131r. Bu
\nisyanlardaki ana neden Cumhuriyetin kurulu\u015funda K\u00fcrtlere etnik ve dini a\u00e7\u0131dan
\nverilen s\u00f6z ve vaatlerin sonradan tutulmamas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n
\nK\u00fcrt tarihi ve halk ger\u00e7ekli\u011fine bakmak gerekir. K\u00fcrtlerin tarihteki en \u00f6nemli
\n\u00f6zelli\u011fi a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak etnisite toplumunun temel formlar\u0131ndan a\u015firet halinde
\nkalmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Tarihte bir\u00e7ok halk a\u015firetten halkla\u015fmaya oradan da siyasi
\nbirlikteliklere, ulusla\u015fmaya ve devletle\u015fmelere gitmi\u015flerdir. Med a\u015firet
\nkonfederasyonu ile K\u00fcrtler siyasi birliktelik imkan\u0131n\u0131 yakalasalar da bunun
\nda\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda tekrardan par\u00e7al\u0131 a\u015firet ya\u015fam\u0131na d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015flerdir. K\u00f6leci ve
\nFeodal devlet ve imparatorluk sistemleri i\u00e7erisinde kalan K\u00fcrt halk kesimleri
\nb\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde erirken K\u00fcrtl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc esas anlamda temsil eden do\u011fal toplum ya da
\netnisite formu olan a\u015firetler ise genelde bu yap\u0131lar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu sistemlerin
\nd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u201cda\u011flar da ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bulunduklar\u0131 mekanlara
\ny\u00f6nelik zaman zaman b\u00fcy\u00fck seferler ve y\u00f6nelimler olmu\u015fsa da bunlara direnmi\u015f,
\nkay\u0131plar vermi\u015f ama bu temel etnisite duru\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 hep korumu\u015flard\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn dahi
\nK\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n da\u011fl\u0131k ve kuytuluk alanlar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan ve do\u011fall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde
\nkoruyan \u2013say\u0131lar\u0131 azalsa da- a\u015firetlere rastlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. <\/p>\n
\nK\u00fcrt\u00e7e\u2019nin en eski leh\u00e7elerinden Dimilk\u00ee (Zazaki)\u2019de ge\u00e7en ve \u201cda\u011f anlam\u0131na
\ngelen \u201cKo kelimesinden t\u00fcredi\u011fi art\u0131k genel kabul g\u00f6ren bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u201cKo
\nkelimesine, Aryan dillerinde eklendi\u011fi kelimeye mensubiyet anlam\u0131 katan \u201cti ya
\nda \u201cyi eki kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman olu\u015fan \u201cKo-r-ti (\u201cr kayna\u015ft\u0131rma harfidir) yani
\n\u201cda\u011fl\u0131 , \u201cKurd kelimesinin ilk hali olmaktad\u0131r. Tarihin de\u011fi\u015fik zamanlar\u0131nda
\nve farkl\u0131 halklar\u0131n K\u00fcrtler i\u00e7in s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u201cKurti , \u201cGuti , \u201cGordu , \u201cKardu ,
\n\u201cHurri gibi s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin t\u00fcm\u00fc etimolojik olarak ayn\u0131 k\u00f6kten gelmedir.\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n
\nayn\u0131 zamanda tarih\u00e7i olan \u015eemsettin G\u00fcnaltay ile yine ilk devlet adamlar\u0131ndan
\nolan \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc de ifade etmi\u015flerdir. Bunlar da K\u00fcrtlerin \u201cda\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011funu,
\natalar\u0131n\u0131n \u201cGutiler oldu\u011funu ifade etmi\u015flerdir. Ancak bilimsel olarak tespit
\nettikleri bu tarihi ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi nihayetinde siyasi bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla \u201cTurani li\u011fe
\nba\u011flamaktan geri kalmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece K\u00fcrtler Turani \u0131rk\u0131ndan ve \u201cda\u011fl\u0131
\nT\u00fcrkler olmu\u015f oluyordu. <\/p>\n
\nduru\u015flar\u0131, otantik ya da \u00f6zg\u00fcn olan etnisite \u00f6zellik ve de\u011ferlerini korumu\u015ftur.
\nAma di\u011fer yandan onlar\u0131 uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel ve tekniki geli\u015fmelerden
\nde geri b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Pakistanl\u0131 yazar Tar\u0131k Ali \u201cSelahattin\u2019in Kitab\u0131 adl\u0131
\neserinde K\u00fcrtleri \u201cyontulmam\u0131\u015f elmas a benzetir. Yine K\u00fcrtlerdeki par\u00e7al\u0131
\na\u015firet ya\u015fam\u0131 siyasi birlikteli\u011fi engellemi\u015f dolay\u0131s\u0131yla dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr de
\npar\u00e7al\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn K\u00fcrt\u00e7edeki, \u00e7ok az dilde olan leh\u00e7e, a\u011f\u0131z ve \u015five
\n\u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011finin nedeni de bu par\u00e7al\u0131 duru\u015ftur. \u00d6yle ki \u00e7o\u011fu yerde k\u00f6yler aras\u0131
\n\u015five hatta a\u011f\u0131z farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0
\n<\/span><\/p>\n
\nilgilidir. K\u00fcrdistan tarihte Mezopotamya sahas\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131 ve
\nKuzey-G\u00fcney ge\u00e7i\u015flerinde merkezi bir yerde bulunmaktad\u0131r. Tarihin neredeyse t\u00fcm
\nb\u00fcy\u00fck imparatorluklar\u0131 K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a u\u011fram\u0131\u015f, sava\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve bu co\u011frafyay\u0131 tarumar
\netmi\u015flerdir. Pers-Yunan, Pers-Makedon, Sasani-Roma, Sasani-M\u00fcsl\u00fcman,
\nM\u00fcsl\u00fcman-Bizans, Mo\u011fol seferleri, T\u00fcrk Sel\u00e7uklu seferleri, Ha\u00e7l\u0131 seferleri,
\nOsmanl\u0131 seferleri ve daha pek \u00e7ok tarihin b\u00fcy\u00fck sava\u015f ve seferleri K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131
\nhep kan deryas\u0131 ve yang\u0131n yeri k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n
\nya\u015fam\u0131 \u00e7etin k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Birbirini kovalayan ve kesi\u015fen da\u011f silsileleri ve zorlu
\nmevsim ko\u015fullar\u0131 K\u00fcrt insan\u0131n\u0131n mizac\u0131na direk etkide bulunmu\u015ftur. <\/p>\n
\ndevlet ve iktidar sistemlerinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutmu\u015ftur. Sistem i\u00e7i yap\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131
\ndurumlarda dahi direngen bir duru\u015fla do\u011fal ve geleneksel \u00f6zelliklerini koruma
\nm\u00fccadelesi vermi\u015flerdir. Bu m\u00fccadeleyi kaybedenler sisteme eklemlenmi\u015f ve
\nK\u00fcrd\u00fcn literat\u00fcr\u00fcne \u201cdireni\u015f in hemen yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda bitiveren \u201cihanet i
\neklemi\u015flerdir. <\/p>\n
\ns\u00fcre\u00e7ler yukar\u0131da belirtilen nedenlerden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc hep k\u0131sa olmu\u015ftur. <\/p>\n
\ns\u00fcre\u00e7lerini te\u015fkil eden ve \u201cModernite olarak ifade edilen son iki y\u00fcz y\u0131ll\u0131k
\nd\u00f6nemde de K\u00fcrtlerin, idealist bir s\u00f6ylemle, bu \u201ctrajik ve talihsiz kaderleri
\nde\u011fi\u015fmemi\u015ftir. De\u011fi\u015fen yan\u0131 bunu daha \u201cmodern tarzda ya\u015famalar\u0131d\u0131r! <\/p>\n
\nK\u00fcrtlerin \u00fclkesi K\u00fcrdistan, d\u00f6nemin iki b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcc\u00fc \u0130ran ile Osmanl\u0131 devletleri
\naras\u0131nda par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu par\u00e7alanma daha sonra katlanarak d\u00f6rde \u00e7\u0131kacak ve
\nK\u00fcrtler, par\u00e7alar\u0131 alan devletler aras\u0131nda tam bir \u201c\u015feytan d\u00f6rtgeni ya da
\n\u201cd\u00f6rtl\u00fc kapan diyebilece\u011fimiz bir \u00e7\u0131kmaza gireceklerdir. Birine dirense
\ndi\u011ferine dayanmak zorunda. Ama dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcn berikinden fark\u0131 yok. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc
\n\u201cK\u00fcrt ikisi ya da d\u00f6rd\u00fc i\u00e7in de ortak \u201chayati sorun. Nereye y\u00f6nelse y\u00fcz\u00fcne
\n\u015famar\u0131 yiyip de \u015fa\u015fk\u0131na d\u00f6nen bir insan gibi K\u00fcrtler tam bir felaketin i\u00e7inde
\nbulmu\u015flard\u0131r kendilerini. Buna bir de kendi par\u00e7al\u0131 duru\u015flar\u0131, i\u00e7sel ihanet ve
\nsava\u015flar\u0131, sosyal ve siyasi birlik f\u0131rsat\u0131 ve g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc sa\u011flayamamalar\u0131
\nda eklenince durum iyice trajik bir hal al\u0131r.\u00a0
\n<\/span><\/p>\n
\nMezopotamya\u2019ya s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik amac\u0131yla inmeleri deyim yerindeyse bu trajedinin
\n\u201ctuzu-biberi olmu\u015ftur. K\u00fcrtlerin siyasi, ekonomik, askeri ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel
\nfakirlikleriyle \u0130ngilizlerin so\u011fukkanl\u0131 kurnazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131ndan
\nK\u00fcrtlerin pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen hep aldat\u0131lma, ters k\u00f6\u015feye yatma, b\u00fcy\u00fck hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131
\nve ac\u0131lar olmu\u015ftur.\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n
\nolgusuna d\u00f6nersek 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda zay\u0131flayan Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n K\u00fcrt feodal siyasi
\nyap\u0131lanmalar\u0131na y\u00fcklenme, onlar\u0131 denetim alt\u0131na alma ve asker ile vergi
\nihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 bunlardan kar\u015f\u0131lama temelinde bir y\u00f6nelim i\u00e7erisine girdi\u011fini
\ng\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. \u0130syanlar daha \u00e7ok bu yakla\u015f\u0131ma direnme temelindedir ve daha \u00e7ok
\n\u201cMir ler ile \u201c\u015eeyh ler \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etmi\u015ftir. \u0130syanlardaki etnik bilin\u00e7 ya da
\nK\u00fcrtl\u00fck boyutu hen\u00fcz olgunla\u015fmam\u0131\u015f ve olduk\u00e7a siliktir. Daha \u00e7ok \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan s\u00f6z
\nkonusu \u00f6nc\u00fclerin, feodal stat\u00fclerini ve topraklar\u0131n\u0131 koruma g\u00fcd\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr.
\n19.y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131na gelindi\u011finde K\u00fcrt otonom feodal mirlikleri b\u00fcy\u00fck
\n\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde tasfiye edilmi\u015f ve sisteme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fah\u0131 II.Mahmut ile
\nba\u015flayan bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 Abd\u00fclhamit ile b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019in
\nK\u00fcrt dev\u015firmelerden olu\u015fturdu\u011fu \u201cHamidiye Alaylar\u0131 bunun resmi ifadesidir.
\nAncak bu y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru \u00e7\u0131kan \u015eeyh Ubeydullah isyan\u0131nda K\u00fcrtl\u00fck
\nduygular\u0131 di\u011ferlerine oranla biraz daha belirgindir. Asl\u0131nda K\u00fcrt
\nmilliyet\u00e7ili\u011fine bir ilk ad\u0131m olarak da de\u011ferlendirilebilir. Bunun \u00f6ncesinde,
\n17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda, sadece ve o da bireysel olarak Ehmed\u00ea Xani\u2019de K\u00fcrtl\u00fck duygular\u0131na
\nrastlamaktay\u0131z. <\/p>\n
\nNak\u015fibendilik tarikat\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli rol\u00fcd\u00fcr. K\u00f6kenleri 14. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar giden bu
\ntarikat\u0131n \u201cHalidiye adl\u0131 kolu G\u00fcney K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da Caf A\u015fireti mensubu olan
\nDiyaeddin Halid Ba\u011fdadi (Mevlana Halid, 1778-1826) taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015ftur.
\nS\u00fcleymaniye’ye yak\u0131n olan Baban’a ba\u011fl\u0131 Karada\u011f’da d\u00fcnyaya gelen Halid \u00e7e\u015fitli
\nmedreselerde, \u00e7e\u015fitli dini alimlerden e\u011fitim ald\u0131ktan sonra Hindistan’a giderek
\ne\u011fitim g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. <\/p>\n
\nHakkari, Nehri (\u015eemzinan) \u015feyhlerinin ilki ve Mevlana Halid\u2019in halifesi olan
\nAbdullah\u00ea Hakkari\u2019nin karde\u015fi Molla Ahmet Salih Geylani\u2019nin o\u011fludur. Osmanl\u0131
\nMeclisi Mebusan\u2019\u0131nda milletvekilli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eeyh Sait ayaklanmas\u0131nda rol\u00fc
\nolan Azadi Cemiyeti \u00fcyelerinden Seyit Abd\u00fclkadir de \u015eeyh Ubeydullah\u2019\u0131n o\u011fludur.<\/p>\n
\nbunlar \u00f6zellikle 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131ndan itibaren Nak\u015ficili\u011fin K\u00fcrt halk\u0131n\u0131n
\ntarihinde nas\u0131l \u00f6nemli bir olgu olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. 1880 ile
\n1925 aras\u0131 t\u00fcm isyanlar i\u00e7erisinde \u015eeyh Mahmut Berzenci isyan\u0131 hari\u00e7 neredeyse
\nt\u00fcm\u00fc Nak\u015fibendi tarikat\u0131n\u0131n etkisi alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u015eeyh Mahmut ise Kadiri
\ntarikat\u0131ndand\u0131r. Fakat Nak\u015fibendi tarikat\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131yla beraber K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da
\nKadirilik gerilemi\u015f ve g\u00f6zden d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. <\/p>\n
\n\u00d6nce \u015eeyh Ubeydullah\u2019\u0131 \u0130ran \u00fczerine s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Fakat isyan kendisine de
\ny\u00f6nelince m\u00fcdahale etmi\u015f ve onu s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir. O\u011flu Seyit Abd\u00fclkadir\u2019i
\nise kendi devlet b\u00fcrokrasisi i\u00e7erisine alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yine Abd\u00fclhamit buna dayanarak
\nK\u00fcrtlerden ama K\u00fcrt isyanlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u201cHamidiye Alaylar\u0131 n\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.
\nNak\u015fibendi tarikat\u0131ndan K\u00fcrt \u00f6nderlikler, \u00f6zellikle \u00f6nce \u0130ttihat-Terakki sonra
\nda Mustafa Kemal ile olan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 Hilafeti ile Saltanat\u0131n\u0131n
\ntaraf\u0131n\u0131 tutmu\u015flard\u0131r.\u00a0 <\/span>En son \u015eeyh Sait
\nayaklanmas\u0131 da b\u00f6yledir. Bu ayaklanma, Mustafa Kemal\u2019in kurdu\u011fu Cumhuriyet ile
\nK\u00fcrt halk\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki iplerin t\u00fcm\u00fcyle koptu\u011fu ve sonras\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcyle K\u00fcrt inkar\u0131
\nve katliam\u0131 \u00fczerinden geli\u015fti\u011fi bir s\u00fcrecin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\n\u00f6zellikle de A\u011fr\u0131 isyan\u0131ndaki \u00f6nderlik nispeten daha ayd\u0131n ve laik yap\u0131dad\u0131r.
\nUlusal y\u00f6n\u00fc ise a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131ktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
\nderecesindeki katliamlarla bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra T\u00fcrk devleti K\u00fcrtlere kar\u015f\u0131
\nk\u00fclt\u00fcrel soyk\u0131r\u0131m ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunda da en fazla dini ve yine Nak\u015ficili\u011fi
\nkullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn devlet b\u00fcrokrasisi i\u00e7erisinde yer alan \u00e7o\u011fu K\u00fcrt,
\nNak\u015ficidir.\u00a0 <\/span>En son AKP de K\u00fcrtlerle
\nyegane ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Nak\u015ficilik ve din \u00fczerinden kurmaktad\u0131r. Hatta G\u00fcneyli K\u00fcrtlerle
\nve Barzanilerle olan ba\u011f\u0131 da Nak\u015ficilik \u00fczerindendir. <\/p>\n
\nyap\u0131lara de\u011finmekte fayda vard\u0131r. Genel olarak ve soyutlama yoluyla bunlar\u0131n
\n\u00f6zellikleri \u015f\u00f6yle belirtilebilir: <\/p>\n
\nhalk\u0131n\u0131 ya da a\u015firetlerini b\u00fcnyesinde toplayan bir yap\u0131da de\u011fildirler. Bu
\nkonuda belli bir mesafe alanlar olsa da genelde yolun yar\u0131s\u0131nda yine
\npar\u00e7alanmay\u0131 engelleyememi\u015flerdir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00e7o\u011fu \u00f6nderlikte a\u015firet\u00e7ilik,
\nailecilik ve ki\u015fisel \u00e7\u0131kar her \u015feyin \u00f6n\u00fcndedir. <\/p>\n
\npar\u00e7al\u0131l\u0131k d\u00fcnyaya ve olgulara yakla\u015f\u0131mda da yani siyasi ve ideolojik olarak da
\nmevcuttur.<\/p>\n
\nMezopotamya\u2019daki geli\u015fmeleri, siyasi dengeleri, g\u00fc\u00e7ler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki ve
\n\u00e7eli\u015fki d\u00fczeylerini de\u011ferlendirip buna g\u00f6re tedbir geli\u015ftirecek politik \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fc
\nson derece zay\u0131ft\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7lerle sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve stratejik ili\u015fki ve
\nittifaklar geli\u015ftirilememi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\nd\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki geli\u015fmeleri izleyen, din sorununu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleyen ve K\u00fcrt halk\u0131
\n\u00fczerinde din yoluyla geli\u015ftirilen oyunlar\u0131 bo\u015fa \u00e7\u0131karan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel ve pratik g\u00fc\u00e7
\nortaya konamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n