{"id":7184,"date":"2020-03-15T01:55:39","date_gmt":"2020-03-14T22:55:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/kurt-tarihi-cografyasi-dili-ve-kulturu\/"},"modified":"2020-03-15T01:55:39","modified_gmt":"2020-03-14T22:55:39","slug":"kurt-tarihi-cografyasi-dili-ve-kulturu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/kurt-tarihi-cografyasi-dili-ve-kulturu\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u00dcRT TAR\u0130H\u0130, CO\u011eRAFYASI, D\u0130L\u0130 VE K\u00dcLT\u00dcR\u00dc"},"content":{"rendered":"

16 Eyl\u00fcl 2016 Cuma Saat 11:15<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\n
\nUygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131za yol a\u00e7an temel etkenleri tarihsel boyutlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde yorumlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z. Art\u0131k \u00e7ok iyi bilmekteyiz ki bir toplumu tan\u0131man\u0131n onun tarihi ve co\u011frafi ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131makla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da bilimsel verilere dayal\u0131 K\u00fcrt tarihi, co\u011frafyas\u0131, dili ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda insan\u0131 adeta kahrediyor. Bu kadar kadim bir halk ve k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir k\u00fclt\u00fcre sahip olan bir millet neden hala 21. y\u00fczy\u0131lda hala stat\u00fc sahibi olamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunu insan kendine sormadan edemiyor<\/b><\/p>\n

\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n

\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0130nsanl\u0131k Afrika’da do\u011fup y\u00fczbinlerce\u00a0y\u0131l\u00a0\u00f6nce
\niklimsel \u015fartlar nedeniyle Afrika Rif’inden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fta ana\u00a0toplanma kap\u0131s\u0131 ve
\nd\u00fcnyaya\u00a0yay\u0131lma merkezinin Toros-Zagros kavisi oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmektedir.
\nMezopotamya’ya var\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ise \u00a0on binlerce\u00a0y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine dayand\u0131rabiliriz.\u00a0Daha
\n\u00f6nce aryen \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131 yada kavmini tarif ederken \u015f\u00f6yle deniyordu Avrupa’dan ve
\nRusya’n\u0131n g\u00fcney steplerinden Kalkan mavi g\u00f6zl\u00fc ve sar\u0131\u015f\u0131n aryen
\n\u00a0M\u00d6\u00a02000\u2019lerde Kuzey \u0130ran platolar\u0131na oradan da Hint\u2019te, Medya\u2019ya, Anadolu\u2019ya
\nak\u0131n etmi\u015flerdir deniyordu. Fakat \u00e7ok \u00fcnl\u00fc tarih\u00e7iler ve arkeologlar yapt\u0131klar\u0131
\nara\u015ft\u0131rma ve kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 sonucunda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ki fiziki bir g\u00f6\u00e7 olgusundan
\nziyade\u00a0g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc k\u00fclt\u00fcrel birikim olgusuna dayal\u0131 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini
\ns\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Yani Aryen\u00a0kavram\u0131 bir \u0131rk\u00a0veya etnik
\nolgudan\u00a0ziyade,\u00a0tar\u0131m devrimine dayal\u0131 \u00e7ift\u00e7ili\u011fi\u00a0ve
\nhayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 esas alan k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ilk geli\u015ftiren gruplara verilen genel bir adland\u0131rmad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcrt dili ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc kuvvetle muhtemeldir ki bir \u00e7ok
\narkeolog bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc payla\u015fmaktad\u0131r Zagros-Toros\u00a0eteklerinde neolotik
\ndevrimi ilk ba\u015flatan dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr olarak zamanla t\u00fcm Hint-Avrupa k\u00f6kenli dil
\nve k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin temelini te\u015fkil etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Kendi olu\u015fumunu ise M\u00d6 \u00f6nce 15.000-10.000 y\u0131llar\u0131na
\ng\u00f6t\u00fcrebiliriz. 4. Buzul d\u00f6neminden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fla M\u00d6 20.000-15.000 ile birlikte
\n“alan\u0131n en otokton” yerli k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ve olarak \u015fekillenmesi kuvvetle
\nmuhtemeldir. K\u00fcrt etnisitesi M\u00d6\u00a06000’lerde iyice ay\u0131rt edilmektedir.
\nUygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n do\u011fu\u015funa yol a\u00e7an Zagros-Toros\u00a0sisteminin birle\u015fti\u011fi kavis yani
\n“verimli hilalin merkezi” \u00fcretkenli\u011fi bu sefer uygarl\u0131k merkezi
\nMezopotamya d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131rmada g\u00f6sterecektir. Ard arda geli\u015fen S\u00fcmer,\u00a0Babil
\nve Asur\u00a0d\u00f6nemlerinde kentli uygarl\u0131k merkezleri hep\u00a0Dicle ve F\u0131rat nehirleri
\naras\u0131ndad\u0131r.\u00a0K\u00fcrdistan teriminin temelinde “KUR”\u00a0kelimesi
\nyatmakta olup\u00a0S\u00fcmer k\u00f6kenlidir.\u00a0S\u00fcmercede “KUR” Da\u011f demektir
\n“T\u0130”\u00a0eki aidiyetii ifade eder b\u00f6ylelikle ‘KURT\u0130’\u00a0kelimesi
\nortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r yani da\u011fl\u0131lar, da\u011fl\u0131 halk anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.\u00a0Bunun
\ntarihini M\u00d6 3000\u2019lere kadar geriye g\u00f6t\u00fcrebiliriz.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcrtler tarih sahnesine ilk defa Hurriler ad\u0131yla
\nM\u00d6.\u00a03000-2000 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmekteyiz. S\u00fcmerler orman ve
\nmadenleri, Hurri boylar\u0131 ise uygarl\u0131k nedeniyle binlerce y\u0131l kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131
\nsald\u0131rma korunma m\u00fccadelesine gitmi\u015flerdir.\u00a0K\u00fcrtlerin etnik olarak
\nHurrilere dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 tezi etimolojik, etnolojik, arkeolojik ve antropolojik
\nverilerle kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r… \u00d6zellikle de etnik olarak modern insanlar\u0131n otantik
\nakrabalar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 kan\u0131tlayan etimolojik alandaki veriler Hurrice
\nile K\u00fcrt\u00e7e aras\u0131ndaki dilsel ayn\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. K\u00fcrtlerin etnik
\nolarak Hurrilere dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fi, sadece etimolojik alanla, yani dil bilimi
\nile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalm\u0131yor. \u00d6rne\u011fin etnografik olarak da Hurrilerin o d\u00f6nemde
\nya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 co\u011frafyan\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde bug\u00fcn K\u00fcrtler ya\u015famakta olup,
\nHurrilere ait maddi k\u00fclt\u00fcr olarak ta benzer \u00f6zellikleri farkl\u0131la\u015farak da olsa
\nhala ba\u011fr\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.\u00a0Yine etnolojik olarak tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7erisinde
\nHurrilerin s\u0131ras\u0131yla nas\u0131l Gutilere, Mitannilere, Urartulara, Kassitlere,
\nMedlere ve modern K\u00fcrtlere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fckleri ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar geldiklerini de
\ndilsel, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve co\u011frafik olarak g\u00f6zlemlemek gayet m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Peki Hurriler
\nne zaman tarih sahnesine \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015flard\u0131r?<\/p>\n

Hurrilerin Ortaya \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Proto-K\u00fcrt Hurriler, neolotik devrimin \u00e7ekirdek b\u00f6lgesinin,
\nyani Verimli Hilal, yukar\u0131 Mezopotamya ve co\u011frafik olarak b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda bu iki
\nco\u011frafik alan\u0131 i\u00e7ine alan K\u00fcrdistan b\u00f6lgesinde yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak M.\u00d6. 5-6 bin
\ny\u0131llar\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu tarihlerde halen neolotik k\u00fclt\u00fcr \u00f6zl\u00fc
\ntopluklar ba\u015ftad\u0131r. \u015eu ana kadar bunun aksi y\u00f6nde de\u011fi\u015ftirecek, ba\u015fka bir
\nco\u011frafyada ve bu tarihlerden \u00f6nce neolotik devrim izlerine
\nrastlan\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0\u00d6zellikle Tell Halaf k\u00fclt\u00fcr katman\u0131 neolotik devrimi
\nzirvesini yans\u0131t\u0131rken, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 co\u011frafyan\u0131n K\u00fcrdistan olmas\u0131 (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc
\n\u015e\u0131rnak\u2019a ba\u011fl\u0131 Habur yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda) b\u00fct\u00fcn arkeolog ve antropologlar\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc
\nK\u00fcrdistan \u00fczerine\u00a0 \u00e7evirmi\u015ftir. O d\u00f6neme ait baz\u0131 yerle\u015fim alanlar\u0131nda halen
\narkeolojik kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 devam ediyor. Bunlar\u0131n en zengin verili (kan\u0131t\u0131 bol
\nolan) olan\u0131 Tell Halaf k\u00fclt\u00fcr alan\u0131d\u0131r. Tell Halaf k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ilk k\u00f6y mimarisi,
\nzengin ve geli\u015fkin tekniki ara\u00e7-gere\u00e7, ilk toplumsal d\u00fczen, \u00e7anak-\u00e7\u00f6mlek ve
\nekonomik toplumun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kimlikten\u00a0 dolay\u0131, d\u00fcnyada
\nilk olma unvan\u0131na sahiptir.<\/p>\n

K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Yap\u0131 Ve Dil \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hurriler \u00f6zellikle de Tell Halaf k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesinde
\nbelirleyici rol oynam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.\u00a0 Ayr\u0131ca Tell Halaf k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, Hurrilerin
\nyerle\u015fik olduklar\u0131 co\u011frafik merkezde ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zaten Hurrilerin ortaya
\n\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 M.\u00d6. 5000 y\u0131llar\u0131nda K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcnde yerle\u015fik tek halkt\u0131. Yani
\nTell Halaf k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi Hurriler\u2019den ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez. Kald\u0131 ki
\nHurriler yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde ilk dilsel ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel olarak belirginle\u015fen birka\u00e7
\ntopluluktan biridir. Dolays\u0131yla Tell Halaf k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131
\ntarihlerde, Hurriler belirginle\u015fmi\u015f ve Tell Halaf k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131
\nmerkezde ve \u00e7evrelerinde yerle\u015fik bir topluluktur. Hurrilere ait belgelere M.\u00d6.
\n5000 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Tell Halaf k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f merkezinde ve \u00e7evrelerinde
\nrastlan\u0131rken, bu tarihlerde ba\u015fka toplulu\u011fa ait belgelere daha
\nrastlan\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin en eski topluluklar olarak kabul edilen, Elam, S\u00fcmer
\nve Semitik gruplara ait belge ve bulgulara ancak M.\u00d6. 4000-3000\u2019lerde
\nrastlanabilmi\u015ftir. Hurriler, neolotik k\u00fclt\u00fcr \u00f6zl\u00fc topluluk olup, belirginle\u015fme
\ntarihleri M.\u00d6 6000-5000 y\u0131llar\u0131na denk geliyor. \u201cYap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarla
\nHurrilere ait olduklar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan ve M\u00d6. 5000 ile 4000 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ait ta\u015f
\nve kemiklerden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f aletler Gorciyen\u2019in kuzey bat\u0131s\u0131nda bir ma\u011farada
\nbulunur. <\/p>\n

Yine, Hurrilere ait Babab Dervi\u015f ve Meyana tepede bulunan
\n\u00e7e\u015fitli eserler M\u00d6.4000 y\u0131llar\u0131na aittir. Malatya \u00e7evresinde ya\u015famakta olan
\nHurri halk\u0131n\u0131n M\u00d6. 5000 ile 3000 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ta\u015f devrini ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131,
\nAslantepe\u2019de yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131lar neticesi bulunan ta\u015flarda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f aletlerden
\nanla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yine bu b\u00f6lgedeki Hurri halk\u0131n\u0131n M\u00d6. 3000 ile 2000 y\u0131llar\u0131
\naras\u0131nda maden devrine ge\u00e7tikleri bu d\u00f6neme ait yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bronz e\u015fyalar\u0131n
\nbulunmas\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u00d6. 3000 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Hurrilere ait bulunan
\nrenkli seramiklerden M\u00d6. 3700 ile 3500 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yap\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131
\nanla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bulunan bu seramikler ile Tell Halaf ta bulunanlar ayn\u0131
\n\u00f6zellikleri ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Temel Toplumsal Form Olarak A\u015firet\u00e7ilik<\/strong><\/p>\n

A\u015firetle\u015fme s\u00fcrecini yak\u0131ndan izlemek i\u00e7in Hurrilere
\nbakmakta yarar vard\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 en iyi Hurriler \u015fahs\u0131nda ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nOtokton bir halk olmas\u0131 bundand\u0131r. A\u015firet ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nce kabile ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131
\nhakimdir. Kabile ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131 da neolotik devrimle beraber insanlar\u0131n tar\u0131m ve
\nhayvanlar\u0131 evcille\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131yla birlikte n\u00fcfusun \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131 sonucu
\nbirka\u00e7 klan\u0131n birle\u015fmesi ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. M\u00d6. 6 bin y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde
\nneolotik devrim tam anlam\u0131yla kurumla\u015f\u0131r, yayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazan\u0131nca ve \u00f6zellikle de
\nk\u00f6ysel ya\u015fam\u0131n farkl\u0131 co\u011frafyalarda \u00f6zg\u00fcnle\u015ferek yayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazanmaya
\nba\u015flamas\u0131yla beraber ve tabii yine n\u00fcfusunun \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131n\u0131n etkisi ile birka\u00e7
\nkabilenin birle\u015fimi ile bu sefer kabile ya\u015fam\u0131ndan bir \u00fcst toplumsal d\u00fczen olan
\na\u015firet\u00e7ili\u011fe ge\u00e7i\u015f yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yani a\u015firet yap\u0131s\u0131na ge\u00e7i\u015fin alt\u0131nda yatan neden
\ntar\u0131m ve evcille\u015ftirmenin nitelik olarak geli\u015fmesi ve bunun sonucu olarak da
\nn\u00fcfusun \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ola\u011fan ko\u015fullarda a\u015firet \u00f6zl\u00fc topluluklar rol\u00fcn\u00fc
\noynad\u0131ktan sonra, yerini bir \u00fcst toplumsal y\u00f6netim organizasyonu olan s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131
\nyani devletli topluluklara b\u0131rak\u0131rlar. Fakat bu durum K\u00fcrtlerde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi.
\nK\u00fcrtlerde ancak zaman zaman birka\u00e7 a\u015firetin birle\u015fimi ile konfederasyonla\u015fma, a\u015firet
\nkonfederasyonlar\u0131 ve de yar\u0131 devlet niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan kurumsalla\u015fmalar
\nya\u015fad\u0131lar. Bu y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imi da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda i\u00e7inde yer alan a\u015firetler tekrar
\nkendi b\u00f6lgelerine \u00e7ekilip varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Genel olarak a\u015firet
\nyap\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda K\u00fcrt etnisitesinin de
\nbelirginle\u015fmesinin habercisidir. Bu da genel olarak Hurriler ile ifade
\nbulmu\u015ftur. Yani Hurriler proto K\u00fcrtlerin etnisite olarak belirginle\u015fmesinin
\nifadesidir. Bunun biraz yak\u0131ndan incelenmesinde yarar var.<\/p>\n

Etnik Yap\u0131n\u0131n Olu\u015fumu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hurriler, K\u00fcrtlerin dilsel ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel\u00a0 atalar\u0131 olarak
\ntarih sahnesine \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olurlar. O g\u00fcn bug\u00fcnd\u00fcr K\u00fcrtler, K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da yerli ve
\nen eski halk olarak varolagelmi\u015flerdir. Burada ilgi \u00e7eken ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi
\ngereken kilit olgu K\u00fcrtlerin, sosyal, siyasal, ekonomik dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bir b\u00fct\u00fcn
\ntoplumsal d\u00fczeninin halen a\u015firetsel \u00f6zde olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Yani K\u00fcrtler 7000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce
\na\u015firet d\u00fczenine ge\u00e7ip halkla\u015fmaya do\u011fru ilk ad\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 att\u0131ktan sonra a\u015firetsel
\nya\u015fam tarz\u0131ndan, d\u00fczeninden di\u011fer halklar gibi \u00f6yle kolay kurtulup ba\u015fka
\ntoplumsal d\u00fczenlere ge\u00e7i\u015f yapmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda K\u00fcrt halk\u0131 ger\u00e7ek anlamda
\nsosyal, siyasal ve ekonomik olarak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmek isteniyorsa mutlaka a\u015firet
\nolgusu anla\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131 ve do\u011fru \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmelidir. <\/p>\n

Halen K\u00fcrt halk\u0131n\u0131n toplumsal yap\u0131lanmas\u0131nda a\u015firet\u00e7ilik
\nsiyasal, sosyal ve ekonomik geli\u015fmelerde belirleyici rol oynamaya devam ediyor.
\n\u201cAsl\u0131nda tarih boyunca a\u015firet\u00e7ilik K\u00fcrtlerde iki y\u00f6nde rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nBirincisi, K\u00fcrt toplumunun, uygarl\u0131k sahnesinden \u00e7ekili\u015fini \u00f6nlemi\u015f, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze
\nta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130kincisi, toplumun \u00f6zg\u00fcr geli\u015fimi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ayak ba\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015f, birlik
\nve beraberli\u011fe yol vermemi\u015ftir. Bu nedenledir ki b\u00fcy\u00fck K\u00fcrt ironisi a\u015firet
\nolgusudur.\u00a0 Hep K\u00fcrtlerin neden devletle\u015fmedi\u011fi tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Bunun \u00e7ok
\nfazla nedeni vard\u0131r. Ama K\u00fcrtlerin neden tarih sahnesinden \u00e7ekilmedi\u011finin tek
\nnedeni \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme bi\u00e7imleri olan a\u015firet\u00e7iliktir.\u00a0Yoksa ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc yok
\nolmalar\u0131, tarih sahnesinden \u00e7ekilmeleri ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131. E\u011fer K\u00fcrtlere y\u00f6nelik
\nyap\u0131lan onca katliam ve asimilasyonist politikalara ra\u011fmen K\u00fcrtler halen ulusal
\n\u00f6zelliklerinden uzakla\u015f\u0131p yok olmam\u0131\u015flarsa bunun tek ge\u00e7erli sebebi al\u0131nt\u0131da da
\nbelirtildi\u011fi gibi a\u015firet yap\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmas\u0131ndand\u0131r. Kald\u0131 ki a\u015firet
\nba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, birli\u011fi, dayan\u0131\u015fma ve yard\u0131mla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u0130dari Yap\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hurrilerin g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi gereken bir di\u011fer y\u00f6n\u00fc bir devletli
\nyap\u0131lanmas\u0131 olmay\u0131p, toplumsal bir \u00f6ze sahip olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u201cToplumsal
\n\u00f6rg\u00fctlenmenin belirgin modeli olan kabile-a\u015firet\u00e7ilik devletle\u015fmeyi \u00f6nceleyen
\nbir a\u015fama de\u011fildir. Bu tip \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerin en y\u00fcksek modeli a\u015firet konfederasyonla\u015fmad\u0131r.
\nBunun sebebi do\u011fal toplum \u00f6zl\u00fc olmalar\u0131ndand\u0131r. Ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme ili\u015fkileri kan
\nba\u011f\u0131na dayal\u0131d\u0131r. Siyasal bir \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme modeline pek gidilmez.
\nKonfederasyonla\u015fmaya gitmeleri de ancak zorunlu ko\u015fullar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda
\ntercih edilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin a\u015firet \u00f6zl\u00fc topluluklar\u0131na farkl\u0131 merkezi uygarl\u0131k
\ng\u00fc\u00e7lerinin sald\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek, bu y\u00f6nl\u00fc ilk emperyalist yay\u0131lmac\u0131 devletlerin
\n\u00e7evre topluluklara hakimiyeti alt\u0131na almak isteyip a\u015firet d\u00fczeninde ya\u015fayan
\ntopluluklar\u0131n ekonomik, sosyal ve siyasal ya\u015fant\u0131lar\u0131na en \u00f6nemlisi de
\n\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri i\u00e7in tehdit olmaya ba\u015flay\u0131nca, merkezi yap\u0131lanmaya gitmek zorunda
\nkalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bunun \u00fcst y\u00f6netim organizasyonu ise a\u015firetler aras\u0131
\nkonfederasyonla\u015fmad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylelikle a\u015firetler g\u00fc\u00e7 birli\u011fi yap\u0131p erimekten, yok
\nolmaktan kurtulmu\u015flard\u0131r. Konfederasyonla\u015fma s\u00fcreci M\u00d6. 2500 y\u0131llar\u0131nda merkezi
\nuygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n temsilcisi olan Akad hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla beraber ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7,
\nmerkezi uygarl\u0131k g\u00fc\u00e7leri ile \u00e7evre topluluklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131
\nbir d\u00f6nemdir. Ve bu ayn\u0131 zamanda k\u00f6lecili\u011fin de kurumsalla\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131
\ntarihi s\u00fcre\u00e7lerdir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te k\u00f6leci Akad devleti proto K\u00fcrt Hurrilerin
\nya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a sald\u0131r\u0131lar d\u00fczenleyip, buralarda ya\u015fayan topluluklar\u0131
\nhakimiyet alt\u0131na almak isteyince, Hurrili a\u015firetler Guti ad\u0131yla M.\u00d6 2300
\ny\u0131llar\u0131nda, bir a\u015firetler konfederasyonu kurarak Akadlara kar\u015f\u0131 kendilerini korumaya
\nba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, yakla\u015f\u0131k M\u00d6. 2250\u2019de de Akadleri yenerek yerine y\u00fcz y\u0131l s\u00fcren bir
\ndevlet kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Fakat bundan \u00f6nceki s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde Hurriler devletle\u015fmeye \u00e7ok
\nfazla ihtiya\u00e7 duymam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Proto K\u00fcrtler, M\u00d6. 6000\u2019lerden M\u00d6. 2500 y\u0131llar\u0131
\naras\u0131nda K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcnde kom\u00fcnal \u00f6zl\u00fc topluluklar olarak ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\nKom\u015fu topluluklar taraf\u0131ndan kendilerine y\u00f6nelik herhangi bir sald\u0131r\u0131
\nger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi\u011fi gibi\u00a0 kendileri de ba\u015fka topluluklara kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131ya
\nge\u00e7memi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

Hurriler ve Merkezi Uygarl\u0131k<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca Hurrilerde, o tarihlerde devlet ve s\u0131n\u0131fsall\u0131\u011fa
\ndayal\u0131 hiyerar\u015fi geli\u015fmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in bask\u0131 ve zor ayg\u0131t\u0131 da pek geli\u015fmemi\u015ftir.
\nE\u015fitlik\u00e7i, \u00f6zg\u00fcr ya\u015fama dayal\u0131, kom\u00fcnalite tarz\u0131 esas olan\u0131d\u0131r. K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n
\nt\u00fcm\u00fcnde toplumsal ya\u015fam b\u00f6yle oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in devletle\u015fme durumu ya\u015fanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nDaha do\u011frusu bunun olu\u015fabilme ko\u015fullar\u0131 yok. Buna ra\u011fmen Hurriler ekonomik,
\nsosyal ve siyasal olarak kendilerine yeten bir konumdayd\u0131lar. \u00d6rne\u011fin tar\u0131m ve
\nhayvanc\u0131l\u0131k toplumun ge\u00e7im kayna\u011f\u0131yd\u0131. K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da neden devletle\u015fmenin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi\u011fine
\nde\u011finmi\u015fken, Hurriler ile S\u00fcmer aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkileri de \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemek yararl\u0131
\nolacakt\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Hurriler\u2019in\u00a0 merkezi bir yap\u0131ya kavu\u015fmamas\u0131 yani
\ndevletle\u015fmemesinin bir di\u011fer sebebi de merkezi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 S\u00fcmerler \u00fczerinden
\nkar\u015f\u0131lamalar\u0131d\u0131r. \u201cHurriler\u2019in, S\u00fcmer uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kom\u015fuluklar\u0131 ve neoliti\u011fin
\nsahibi olmalar\u0131 nedeni ile \u00e7ok yak\u0131n akrabal\u0131klar\u0131 mevcuttur. Dil yap\u0131lar\u0131nda
\nve bir \u00e7ok kelimede ortakl\u0131k s\u00f6z konusudur. Bunun \u00e7ok erken d\u00f6nemde, daha sonra
\nS\u00fcmerler kurulu\u015f a\u015famas\u0131ndayken\u00a0 geli\u015fti\u011fi de kabul g\u00f6ren bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Tanr\u0131\u00e7a
\n\u0130nanna mitolojisinde de G\u0131lgam\u0131\u015f destan\u0131nda da bu ger\u00e7e\u011fin izlerine g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir
\nbi\u00e7imde rastlanmaktad\u0131r. Oynanan rol yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda merkezile\u015fmi\u015f siyasi
\ng\u00fc\u00e7lerin, eyaleti, otonomisi, federesi olma bi\u00e7imindedir. <\/p>\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Bu tarihlerde K\u00fcrdistan’da ya\u015fayan proto
\nK\u00fcrtlerde y\u00f6netsel anlamda merkezi bir yap\u0131ya sahip olmaktan \u00e7ok k\u00f6yl\u00fcl\u00fck ve
\nk\u00f6ysel\u00a0yerle\u015fmi\u015flik daha fazla \u00f6n\u00a0planda olmu\u015ftur. Genel
\nolarak\u00a0g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde K\u00fcrtlerin k\u00f6y ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imi de kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bu tarihlerden
\nalmaktad\u0131r. K\u00fcrtler de ya\u015fanan bir \u00e7ok ger\u00e7eklik kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 o d\u00f6nemdeki proto
\nK\u00fcrtlerden ve bir b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00a0neolitik\u00a0\u00f6zl\u00fc topluluklardan\u00a0almaktad\u0131r.
\nHurri uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n izleri g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar gelmi\u015ftir. Bu izlerin\u00a0\u00f6rneklerine
\nmaddi k\u00fclt\u00fcrde,\u00a0Din de mitolojide rastl\u0131yoruz.\u00a0Hurri
\n\u00f6\u011feleri\u00a0\u00a0K\u00fcrdistan’\u0131n yer ve a\u015firet adlar\u0131nda bile izlenebilmektedir
\nK\u00fcrt a\u015firetlerinin yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7te ikisinin adlar\u0131 Hurri
\ndilinden\u00a0gelmektedir.<\/p>\n

Devam Edecek<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kaynak\u00e7a:<\/strong> 1-<\/strong>D\u00fcnya Tarihi-William H Mcneill 2-<\/strong>S\u00fcmer
\nRahip Devletinden Demokratik Uygarl\u0131\u011fa –\u00a0Abdullah \u00d6calan 3-<\/strong>K\u00fcrdistan
\nTarihi- Ethem Xemgin 4-<\/strong>K\u00fcrdistan’da A\u015firet\u00e7ilik Ve Milliyet\u00e7ilik-Hasan
\nU\u015fak 5-<\/strong>\u00a0K\u00fcrtler ve K\u00fcrdistan Tarihi- Botan Amedi<\/p>\n

Fecri Dost<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00fcrdistan Stratejik Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Merkezi<\/strong><\/p>\n

www.lekolin.com – www.lekolin.org – www.lekolin.net \u2013
\nwww.lekolin.info -www.navendalekolin.com -http:\/\/kursam.org\/index.html<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

0<\/p>\n

21<\/p>\n

TR<\/p>\n

HE<\/p>\n

\t :” ” <\/p>\n

\t :”” <\/p>\n

\t ” “,” ” <\/p>\n

\t<\/p>\n

\n
<\/div>\n

\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131za yol a\u00e7an temel etkenleri tarihsel boyutlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde yorumlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z. Art\u0131k \u00e7ok iyi bilmekteyiz ki bir toplumu tan\u0131man\u0131n onun tarihi ve co\u011frafi ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131makla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da bilimsel verilere dayal\u0131 K\u00fcrt tarihi, co\u011frafyas\u0131, dili ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda insan\u0131 adeta kahrediyor. Bu kadar kadim bir halk ve k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir k\u00fclt\u00fcre sahip olan bir millet neden hala 21. y\u00fczy\u0131lda hala stat\u00fc sahibi olamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunu insan kendine sormadan edemiyor<\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7185,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"jnews_post_split":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[32,1481,1482,1483,31,36,33,103,30,748,35,34,80],"class_list":["post-7184","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kurdistan-tarihi-ve-dili","tag-arastirma","tag-cografyasi","tag-dili","tag-kulturu","tag-kurdi","tag-kurdish","tag-kurdistan","tag-kurt","tag-lekolin","tag-tarihi","tag-turkish","tag-turkiye","tag-ve"],"acf":[],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7184","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7184"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7184\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7185"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7184"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7184"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7184"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}