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Par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011fa ad\u0131n\u0131 veren fizik\u00e7i Higgs, kendisinin inan\u00e7l\u0131 bir insan olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve ‘terminolojinin b\u00f6yle yanl\u0131\u015f kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n, baz\u0131 insanlar\u0131 g\u00fccendirebilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc’ s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti. Ger\u00e7ekten de konunun Tanr\u0131yla, inan\u0131\u015flarla, dinlerle asl\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir ili\u015fkisi yok.,
Atom alt\u0131 par\u00e7ac\u0131klarda \u00f6zde\u015f par\u00e7ac\u0131klar ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar. Bose-Einstein istatisti\u011fine uyanlara bozon, Fermi-Dirac istatisti\u011fine uyanlara fermiyon denir. Satyendra Nath Bose ve Enrico Fermi’den sonra bir ba\u015fka fizik\u00e7i daha kendi ismini bir par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011fa vermeyi ba\u015fard\u0131.<\/p>\n
4 Temmuz g\u00fcn\u00fc CERN,\u00a0 Higgs par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespit edildi\u011fini d\u00fcnyaya duyurdu. CERN, Aral\u0131k 2011’de yap\u0131lan deneylerin ard\u0131ndan Higgs par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131na \u00e7ok yakla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Bu kez bozonu kesin bi\u00e7imde tespit ettiklerini duyuran CERN, detayl\u0131 istatistiksel ve matematiksel bilgilerin 25 Temmuz’dan itibaren eri\u015filebilir olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Peter Higgs’in bulu\u015fu<\/p>\n
Asl\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131rsa daha 1960’lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda par\u00e7ac\u0131k kuramc\u0131lar\u0131, e\u011fer kuramlar\u0131 do\u011fruysa do\u011fada s\u0131f\u0131r y\u00fcke, s\u0131f\u0131r spine ve s\u0131f\u0131r k\u00fctleye sahip bir bozonun var olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine ili\u015fkin bir tahminde birle\u015fmi\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n
Ancak b\u00f6yle bir par\u00e7ac\u0131k ger\u00e7ekten varsa ve di\u011fer maddelerle etkile\u015fim i\u00e7erisindeyse \u00e7oktan belirlenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekirdi. \u00c7\u0131kmazdan -en az\u0131ndan teorik olarak- kurtulu\u015fu 1964 y\u0131l\u0131nda Peter Higgs buldu.<\/p>\n
Alan kuram\u0131n\u0131n matemati\u011fi i\u00e7erisindeki bir bo\u015flu\u011fun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffetti. Higgs mekanizmas\u0131 denen bu bo\u015fluk, bu par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131n s\u0131f\u0131ra e\u015fit olmayan bir k\u00fctleye sahip olmas\u0131na izin veriyor ve b\u00f6ylece Higgs par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n
Matematiksel hesaplamalara g\u00f6re Higgs, y\u00fck\u00fc ve spini olmayan bir par\u00e7ac\u0131k (spini olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in de bir bozon) ve k\u00fctlesi olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksek olmal\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n
1970’lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda fizik\u00e7iler bir ad\u0131m daha ileri giderek Higgs par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki alan\u0131n sadece Higgs par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fctlesini de\u011fil, bir\u00e7ok par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131n k\u00fctle y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna vard\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kurama g\u00f6re t\u00fcm uzay\u0131 dolduran Higgs alan\u0131n\u0131n, par\u00e7ac\u0131klara engel olan ve onlara k\u00fctle veren bir \u00e7e\u015fit viskozite sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
\u015eimdi gazetelerde \u00e7\u0131kan pop\u00fcler ifadelerle “t\u00fcm cisimlere k\u00fctlesini veren par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131n bulundu\u011fu” sansasyonunun kayna\u011f\u0131 bu. Oysa bu a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 basitle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir ifade, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc k\u00fctle sahibi olan par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n hi\u00e7biri bir di\u011fer par\u00e7ac\u0131kla ayn\u0131 k\u00fctleye sahip de\u011fil ve k\u00fctlelerinin ne olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren bir kuram da mevcut de\u011fil. Standart model kuram\u0131 da bu sorulara yan\u0131t olmuyor. Ancak yine de Higgs par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunu\u015funun standart model kuram\u0131na k\u0131smen g\u00fc\u00e7 vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n
Burada bir parantez a\u00e7arak evrene h\u00fckmeden d\u00f6rt temel kuvvetin var oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlatal\u0131m k\u00fctle\u00e7ekim kuvveti, elektromanyetik kuvvet, ye\u011fin kuvvet ve zay\u0131f kuvvet.<\/p>\n
Fizik\u00e7iler her zaman do\u011fan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131racak birle\u015ftirmeler pe\u015finde ko\u015fmu\u015flard\u0131r. 1960’larda zay\u0131f kuvvetlerle elektromanyetik kuvvetler aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bir birle\u015ftirme de herkesi memnun etmi\u015f, \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 \u00f6zellikler ta\u015f\u0131yan bu iki etkile\u015fimin olu\u015fturulan tek bir “elektro-zay\u0131f” etkile\u015fimde birle\u015ftirilmesi bir\u00e7ok konuda kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
Ancak bu birle\u015fme kuvvet ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131ndan W ve Z takas par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n atom alt\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7ek a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00fctlelere sahip olmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n
Kesin sonu\u00e7lar a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131ktan sonra Higgs alan\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fte bu W ve Z par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131na k\u00fctle veren viskoziteyi verip vermedi\u011finin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bu par\u00e7ac\u0131klarla k\u00fctlesiz fotonu birle\u015ftirici olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015fte bu konuda son a\u00e7\u0131klamayla evreni a\u00e7\u0131klama a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan standart model bir avantaj sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Higgs par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131 kuramdaki eksik tu\u011fla olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. \u015eimdi son a\u00e7\u0131klamaya g\u00f6re spini olmayan tek temel par\u00e7ac\u0131k da tespit edilmi\u015f oldu. 83 ya\u015f\u0131nda olan Peter Higgs de muhtemelen Nobel’e lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclecek.
“Bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc bulunamayan Tanr\u0131n\u0131n belas\u0131 par\u00e7ac\u0131k”<\/p>\n
Peki, bu “tanr\u0131 par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131” sa\u00e7mal\u0131\u011f\u0131 da ne?<\/p>\n
Bu konuda bir kitap kaleme alm\u0131\u015f olan par\u00e7ac\u0131k fizik\u00e7isi Leon Lederman’dan bize miras kalm\u0131\u015f bir ifade bu.<\/p>\n
Lederman 1993’de yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 The God Particle: If the Universe is the Answer, What Is the Question? [Tanr\u0131 Par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131: Yan\u0131t Evrense, Soru Ne?] adl\u0131 kitab\u0131na ba\u015fl\u0131k olarak rivayete g\u00f6re Higgs par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in “Tanr\u0131n\u0131n belas\u0131 (goddamned) par\u00e7ac\u0131k” ad\u0131n\u0131 vermek istemi\u015f. Yay\u0131nc\u0131s\u0131 sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek bu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Tanr\u0131 par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131” olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyi \u00f6nermi\u015f. O zamandan beri “Tanr\u0131 par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131” a\u015fa\u011f\u0131, “Tanr\u0131 par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131” yukar\u0131 gidiyor, anlayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n
Oysa par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011fa ad\u0131n\u0131 veren fizik\u00e7i Higgs, bu takma ismin ‘utan\u00e7 verici’ oldu\u011funu, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kendisinin inan\u00e7l\u0131 bir insan olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve ‘terminolojinin b\u00f6yle yanl\u0131\u015f kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n, baz\u0131 insanlar\u0131 g\u00fccendirebilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc’ s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Ger\u00e7ekten de konunun Tanr\u0131yla, insanlar\u0131n inan\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla, \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc dinlerle asl\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir ili\u015fkisi yok. Varolu\u015fun s\u0131rr\u0131na vak\u0131f olmu\u015f, Tanr\u0131’ya yakla\u015fm\u0131\u015f vs. falan da de\u011filiz. Ancak ne yaz\u0131k ki bilimsel geli\u015fmelerin dinler alan\u0131 d\u00e2hil, sosyolojiye, felsefeye ve \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlara istismar bi\u00e7iminde ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z postmodern zamanlarda olduk\u00e7a pop\u00fcler ve \u00e7ok satan bir tutum.<\/p>\n
Pop\u00fcler medyada da ayn\u0131 yol izleniyor ve CERN’deki geli\u015fmeler alelacele “Tanr\u0131 par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulundu” bi\u00e7iminde afi\u015fe ediliyor.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015fin k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc bu pop\u00fcler bask\u0131lar\u0131n CERN \u00fczerinde de bir etki yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k.<\/p>\n
Pek\u00e2l\u00e2,10 milyar dolar\u0131n \u00fczerinde bir para harcayarak ve deney esans\u0131nda 2 trilyon derece \u0131s\u0131 do\u011furarak olu\u015fturulmu\u015f CERN deneylerinde atom alt\u0131 par\u00e7ac\u0131klarla ilgili son derece \u00f6nemli bir\u00e7ok ke\u015fif f\u0131rsat\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya olmam\u0131za kar\u015f\u0131n, uzun soluklu ve sab\u0131rl\u0131 bir veri analiz s\u00fcreci yerine, finans\u00f6rlerin \u00e7abuk sonu\u00e7 alma bask\u0131s\u0131 uygulayarak pop\u00fcler ke\u015fifler yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u0131srar\u0131n\u0131n CERN’deki bilimcileri de zora soktu\u011fu yorumu yap\u0131labilir.
Matematiksel \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fc kan\u0131tland\u0131<\/p>\n
Asl\u0131na bakarsan\u0131z k\u00fcresel kapitalizmin milyarlarca dolar yat\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu deneyi tutsak etti\u011fi “tanr\u0131n\u0131n parmak izlerini bulma” \u00e7abas\u0131 nedeniyle, meselenin magazinle\u015ftirilerek Higgs bozonunun bulunmas\u0131na s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 utan\u00e7 verici.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan akla ters gelmesine ra\u011fmen Higgs, \u00e7ok say\u0131da fizik\u00e7inin bulmak istedi\u011fi en son par\u00e7ac\u0131k konumundayd\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc fizik d\u00fcnyas\u0131 B\u00fcy\u00fck Hadron \u00c7arp\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 LHC’de Higgs’in ortaya \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131ndan zaten olduk\u00e7a emindi ve esas bu par\u00e7ac\u0131ktan ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir \u015fey bulunmazsa veya bundan sonra \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara yeterli fon ayr\u0131lmaktan vazge\u00e7ilirse fizik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir darbe yemi\u015f olacak.<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc deneyde kuramsal olarak Standart Model’in \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc veya \u00f6ng\u00f6rmedi\u011fi bir\u00e7ok yeni par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha bulma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z halen olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksek.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7 olarak ne “evreni in\u015fa eden tu\u011fla”, ne “yarad\u0131l\u0131\u015f mele\u011fi” ne de “Tanr\u0131 par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131” ke\u015ffedilmi\u015f, ne de “evrenin en b\u00fcy\u00fck s\u0131rr\u0131” \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f oldu. Ke\u015ffedilen, varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bundan neredeyse 50 y\u0131l \u00f6nce matematiksel olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f bir atom-alt\u0131 par\u00e7ac\u0131k.<\/p>\n
Tespit edilmesi standart modelin varsay\u0131mlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131 i\u00e7in de bir ilerlemedir. Buradan idealist felsefi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlarla yeni bir tanr\u0131c\u0131 kampanya y\u00fckseltmekse ancak postmodern t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n i\u015fi olabilir.<\/p>\n
Asl\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131rsa modern bilimlerdeki geli\u015fme ve yeni bulgular, t\u00fcm\u00fcyle kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6nde, materyalist felsefeyi do\u011frulay\u0131p g\u00fc\u00e7lendirici \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlara olanak verirken, bu tersine gidi\u015f, sadece hayret de\u011fil, \u00f6fke de uyand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131.<\/p>\n
Bu durum bir kez daha modern bilimlerdeki geli\u015fmeler ve yeni bulgulanan olgular\u0131n do\u011fru bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131yla, bu bulgular\u0131n bilim-felsefe ili\u015fkisi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ne anlama geldi\u011finin a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 ve do\u011fru yorumlanmas\u0131n\u0131n, \u00f6r\u00fcmcek a\u011f\u0131 gibi her yan\u0131 saran safsatalar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131larak bunlar\u0131n temel dayanaklar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nem kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131* g\u00f6steriyor.-Bianet<\/p>\n
K\u00fcrdistan Stratejik Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Merkezi<\/p>\n
www.navendalekolin.com – www.lekolin.org – www.lekolin.net \u2013 www.lekolin.info\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/p>\n
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