\t\t\t\t\t\t\t ![](\"http:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/5347-1.jpg\")
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n
19. Yy\u2019da K\u00fcrdistan ve Yukar\u0131da dile geldi\u011fi gibi Osmanl\u0131, K\u00fcrtlere federatif bir Bu ikili mekanizma, birka\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca K\u00fcrt Beylikleri Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, Avrupa\u2019da darald\u0131k\u00e7a ve toprak kaybettik\u00e7e \u015eunu hemen belirtelim ki Yunanl\u0131lar ayaklan\u0131yor, Bat\u0131\u2019da 1839\u2019da Tanzimat Ferman\u0131 diye bilinen G\u00fclhane Hatt\u0131 H\u00fcmayunu \u00d6te yandan Ruslarla olan sava\u015flar da olduk\u00e7a Genel anlamda 1800’lerin ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren Osmanl\u0131, Tarihi olaylar ve olgular bu \u015fekilde geli\u015firken Avrupa\u2019da \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n 1-Ortado\u011fu\u2019da \u0130ngiliz B\u00fct\u00fcn bir y\u00fczy\u0131l s\u00fcrecek isyan ve direni\u015fler, par\u00e7a par\u00e7a 1800’lerin ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u0130ngiliz Emperyalizmi\u2019nin Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun Amin Maalouf\u2019un Tanios Kayal\u0131klar\u0131 kitab\u0131nda bir olayla L\u00fcbnanl\u0131 bir a\u015firet liderinin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir o\u011flu vard\u0131r. Ona Bu talimat\u0131 alan misyoner ve e\u015fi, titizlik g\u00f6stereceklerdir. Bu bir misyoner \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. Hi\u00e7 kimseye \u00e7akt\u0131rmadan ad\u0131m Bu ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin ne kadar sonu\u00e7 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in \u0130ngilizler, \u00f6zelde ve yerelde ya\u015fayan Asur\u00ee, S\u00fcryani ve \u00a0<\/p>\n 2-19.yy\u2019da Geli\u015fen K\u00fcrt Egemenlerinin B\u00f6yle karma\u015f\u0131k bir ortamda \u00e7ok say\u0131da isyan ve direni\u015f 1<\/strong>– 1805\u20131806\u20131808 2<\/strong>– 1812 y\u0131l\u0131nda 3<\/strong>-1815 k\u00f6yl\u00fc Ayn\u0131 zamanda zorbac\u0131 a\u015firet reislerine kar\u015f\u0131 da geli\u015fen bir 4<\/strong>-1818 Bilbaslar 5<\/strong>-1820 Sivas\u2019ta 6<\/strong>-1820-1829 Emir Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n giderek \u00e7ekilemez olan bask\u0131 ve vergi 7<\/strong>-1820\u201337 y\u0131llar\u0131 8<\/strong>-1830\u201333 Sincar 9<\/strong>-1832 sonras\u0131 10<\/strong>-1834\u2019te Mili 11<\/strong>-1834 Bitlis 12<\/strong>-1838\u2019te Botan 13<\/strong>-1839 Xerzan 14<\/strong>-1840-1842 1840\u2019larda yeniden Do\u011fu K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n Xoy m\u0131nt\u0131kas\u0131nda 15-<\/strong>1842\u201347 16<\/strong>-1846, Resul M\u00eer Muhammed\u2019in karde\u015fi Resul Pa\u015fa, M\u00eer Muhammed 17<\/strong>-1847 Babanzade Soran M\u00eerli\u011fi\u2019nin tasfiyesini f\u0131rsat bilen Babanlardan Ahmet 18<\/strong>-1853\u201356 19<\/strong>-1856 Y\u0131l\u0131\u2019nda, 20<\/strong>-1860\u2019ta 21<\/strong>-1870 Celali G\u00f6\u00e7ebe ya\u015fayan Celali a\u015firetinin Do\u011fu K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a geli\u015f 22<\/strong>-1875 Dersim Dersim\u2019i kontrol alt\u0131na almak i\u00e7in Osmanl\u0131 Devleti Dersim\u2019e 23<\/strong>-1877 Y\u0131l\u0131\u2019nda 24<\/strong>-1878 II. 25<\/strong>-1879\u2019da 26<\/strong>-1879\u2019da Van, 27<\/strong>-1880\u201382 28<\/strong>-1887 Gever\u00eek\u00ee A\u015firetlere kar\u015f\u0131 Urmiye\u2019de uygulanan bask\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 29<\/strong>-Bedirhan\u00eelerin \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Devam Edecek: \u00a0<\/span>Baban \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Abdullah \u00d6calan Sosyal Bilimler Akademisi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Tarih \u015eimdidir-K\u00fcrdistan Tarihine \u00d6zl\u00fc Bir Bak\u0131\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n Kas\u0131m Engin<\/strong><\/p>\n K\u00fcrdistan Stratejik Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Merkezi<\/strong><\/p>\n www.lekolin.com – www.lekolin.org – www.lekolin.net \u2013 0<\/p>\n 21<\/p>\n TR<\/p>\n HE<\/p>\n \t :” ” <\/p>\n \t :”” <\/p>\n \t ” “,” ” <\/p>\n \t<\/p>\n
\nDireni\u015fle <\/strong><\/p>\n
\nanlay\u0131\u015fla yakla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6z\u00fcmseme yerine b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmeyi esas alan Osmanl\u0131, ademi-merkezcili\u011fi
\nesas alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u00fcrtlere b\u00f6yle yakla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka bir nedeni de, K\u00fcrtleri
\nSafevilere kaymamas\u0131 i\u00e7in kazanma istemi olmu\u015ftur. <\/p>\n
\nile Osmanl\u0131 Devleti aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki niteli\u011fini belirledi. Ve K\u00fcrt yerel
\nbeylikleri merkezi iktidar ile kurulan bu gev\u015fek ili\u015fkinin imk\u00e2n verdi\u011fi bir
\n\u00f6zerk stat\u00fc uyar\u0131nca Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin idari ve askeri r\u00fctbeleri ile
\n\u00f6d\u00fcllendirilmi\u015f ve payelendirilmi\u015f K\u00fcrt aileleri taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netildiler. <\/p>\n
\ny\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc do\u011fuya \u00e7eviriyordu. 1683 y\u0131l\u0131nda Viyana-Karlsberg \u00f6n\u00fcndeki yenilgisi ile
\nba\u015flayan s\u00fcre\u00e7, 1699 y\u0131l\u0131nda Karlof\u00e7a ve 1718 y\u0131l\u0131nda Pasarof\u00e7a antla\u015fmalar\u0131yla
\nOsmanl\u0131y\u0131 bat\u0131da art\u0131k duramaz hale getirmi\u015fti. Bu durum, her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn yeni
\ntoprak kayb\u0131 demekti. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc yava\u015f yava\u015f do\u011fuya
\nkayd\u0131r\u0131rken do\u011fuda vergiler art\u0131yor ve asker talebi y\u00fckseliyordu. Kendi
\ni\u00e7erisinde de yenilenme ihtiyac\u0131 duyuyordu. Bu yenilenme aray\u0131\u015f\u0131na
\nIslahat-Reform d\u00f6nemi denilecekti. \u00d6nce \u0131slahat\u0131 \u00f6zellikle orduda ba\u015flat\u0131rlar.
\n\u00c7ok masrafl\u0131 olan ordunun y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc kald\u0131rmak art\u0131k son derece a\u011f\u0131r geliyordu.
\nOrduda baz\u0131 d\u00fczenlemelere ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131. 1792\u201393 y\u0131llar\u0131nda III. Sultan Selim
\ntaraf\u0131ndan Nizam-\u0131 Cedid uygulamas\u0131na ge\u00e7ildi. A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m ekonomik ve idari alanda
\nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. Ancak Yeni\u00e7eri Ordusu 1807\u2019de kazan kald\u0131rarak III. Selim
\ny\u00f6netimine son verdi. <\/p>\n
\ntoprak kayb\u0131 devam ediyor, Do\u011fu\u2019da, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da kazan kayn\u0131yor derken zay\u0131flayan
\nMerkezi Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmeti ya da devleti g\u00fc\u00e7 kaybediyor, yereller Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n
\nsiyasi-idari \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesinden kaynakl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 kazan\u0131yor ve giderek Osmanl\u0131y\u0131
\ntehdit eder hale geliyordu. <\/p>\n
\nbu durumu daha da k\u00f6r\u00fckledi. Osmanl\u0131\u2019da de\u011fi\u015fiklikler, ya\u015fanan sorunlardan
\ndolay\u0131 g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015fti. Yeni\u00e7eri Oca\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra, yerine
\n“As\u00e2kir-i Mansure-i Muhammediye” ad\u0131yla yeni bir ordu kuruldu.
\nG\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz ordular\u0131n\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturan bu ordu, Avrupa usul\u00fcnce d\u00fczenlendi.
\nT\u00fcmen, tabur ve b\u00f6l\u00fcklere ayr\u0131ld\u0131. Yeni\u00e7eriler buna kar\u015f\u0131 isyan etseler de, bu
\nkez isyan bast\u0131r\u0131larak ezildiler. Bu olaya Vaka-i Hayriye denildi. Yani hay\u0131rl\u0131
\nbir vaka olarak bu olay tarihe ge\u00e7ecekti. Ve bununla yeni\u00e7erilik kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.
\nGe\u00e7mi\u015fte dev\u015firmelerden olu\u015fturulan Yeni\u00e7eri Ocaklar\u0131 yerine yeni orduda
\n\u00f6ncelikle M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardan olan ve yerele yak\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri bulunan askeri
\nbirlikler olu\u015fturuldu. <\/p>\n
\nyo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kuzeyden Akdeniz\u2019e inmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Ruslar, Osmanl\u0131y\u0131
\ns\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bunun kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Bat\u0131 \u201cBosporus’taki
\n(\u0130stanbul Bo\u011faz\u0131) hasta adam\u0131 <\/em> ayakta tutmak i\u00e7in desteklemektedir. <\/p>\n
\nkendisini nas\u0131l ya\u015fataca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hesab\u0131 i\u00e7ine girmi\u015fti. II. Mahmut 1808 y\u0131l\u0131nda
\ntahta ge\u00e7ti. II. Mahmut s\u00fcreci K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da yeniden \u00e7ok \u015feyin de\u011fi\u015fece\u011fi bir
\ns\u00fcre\u00e7tir. K\u00fcrt Co\u011frafyas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n t\u00fcmden i\u015fgal edilmesi bu y\u0131llardan sonra
\ngeli\u015fecektir. Yavuz Sultan Selim\u2019le ba\u015flayan ittifakla\u015fma d\u00f6neminde,
\nK\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n i\u015fgal ya da s\u00f6m\u00fcrge durumu yoktur. Belki de Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fka
\nalanlar\u0131nda tebaalar\u0131na sunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 imk\u00e2nlar K\u00fcrtlere sunulmu\u015ftur. Osmanl\u0131lar,
\nbat\u0131da sava\u015f ve toprak kaybetmenin ac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fudan almaktad\u0131r. Eksilen vergiler
\nve azalan askerler buradan temin edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z b\u0131rak\u0131lan
\nbeyliklerin yetkilerinin daralt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n da \u00f6tesinde, bir k\u0131skaca al\u0131nma durumu
\ns\u00f6z konusudur. Ortak ittifaklar, mukaveleler ve antla\u015fmalar y\u0131rt\u0131lacak,
\nK\u00fcrtlerin Co\u011frafyalar\u0131\u2019na ve onlar\u0131n i\u00e7 i\u015flerine kar\u0131\u015f\u0131lacak ve K\u00fcrtlerin
\ng\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7ok a\u015fan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler getirilerek K\u00fcrt Emirliklerinin \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00fcst\u00fcne
\ngelinecektir. Bu durumda K\u00fcrt Emirlikleri, \u00e7ok ciddi d\u00fczeyde bir s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131
\nya\u015fayacaklard\u0131r. Genelde Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bunal\u0131m\u0131 etrafl\u0131ca g\u00f6r\u00fclmese de kuzeyden Ruslar,
\nbat\u0131dan Yunanlar\u0131n zorlamalar\u0131 giderek g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. G\u00fcneyde M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 Mehmet
\nAli Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 ve Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n merkezine y\u00fcr\u00fcme durumu s\u00f6z konusudur.
\nHemen yan\u0131 ba\u015flar\u0131nda Bulgaristan\u2019da \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck sava\u015f\u0131 verilmektedir. Bu s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131k
\nortamda Osmanl\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015fler ve isyanlar patlak vermeye ba\u015flar. Bu
\n\u015fekilde yeni bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 ba\u015flar. <\/p>\n
\ngeli\u015fen kapitalist modernitenin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir merkezi iktidar kurdu\u011funu ve h\u0131zla
\n\u00e7evresine yay\u0131l\u0131p s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc \u00e7arklar\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmeyi hedefledi\u011finin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmek
\ngerekir. Kapitalizm sermaye piyasalar\u0131 ile azami kar rejimini, sanayi devrimi
\nile end\u00fcstriyalizmi, milliyet\u00e7ilik ak\u0131mlar\u0131yla da homojenle\u015ftirici ulus
\ndevlet\u00e7ikleri Bat\u0131 Avrupa Merkezi Hegemonya\u2019s\u0131ndan giderek \u00e7evreye do\u011fru
\nyaymaktad\u0131r. Ba\u015fta Do\u011fu Avrupa olmak \u00fczere Ortado\u011fu, Afrika, Kafkasya ve Asya
\nba\u015fl\u0131ca hedeflerdir. \u00d6nc\u00fcl\u00fck \u0130ngilizler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131
\n\u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun da yeni kapitalist sisteme sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde dahil
\nedilmesinin yolu, Sultan\u0131n eliyle eyaletlerin ve tebaan\u0131n ikna edilmesidir. O
\nda olmazsa en \u015fiddetli zor y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131larak, yeni hegemonik sistemin kabul
\nettirilmesidir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla imparatorlu\u011fun olabildi\u011fince geciktirilerek
\ny\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131, \u0130ngilizlerin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131nad\u0131r. Ne var ki K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da bu s\u00fcre\u00e7
\nd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi i\u015flemez ve b\u00fct\u00fcn bir y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015ftan sona isyan ve direni\u015flerle
\nge\u00e7er. <\/p>\n
\nSiyaseti <\/strong><\/p>\n
\nK\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n farkl\u0131 sahalar\u0131nda ba\u015f g\u00f6sterir. Bat\u0131 ve g\u00fcneyde s\u0131k\u0131\u015fan Osmanl\u0131,
\nh\u00e2kimiyetini K\u00fcrdistan \u00fczerinde kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak olan bir
\ni\u015fgal hareketidir. Y\u00fczy\u0131llarca ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve \u00f6zerk ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan K\u00fcrt Beylikleri
\nve Emirliklerinin, bu h\u00e2kimiyet giri\u015fimine kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7 g\u00f6sterecekleri a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.
\nHemen \u015funu pe\u015finen s\u00f6yleyelim K\u00fcrt Emirlerinin ideolojik olarak Osmanl\u0131larla
\nherhangi bir \u00e7eli\u015fki ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yoktur. Bu ba\u011flamda \u00f6nceleri bir
\nK\u00fcrt-K\u00fcrdistan dertleri de yoktur demekle abart\u0131l\u0131 bir tespitte bulunmu\u015f
\nolmuyoruz. Tamamen kendi Emirliklerinin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda bir diren\u00e7 s\u00f6z
\nkonusudur. <\/p>\n
\nfarkl\u0131 sahalar\u0131nda etkinlik sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llard\u0131r. Daha do\u011frusu ad\u0131m ad\u0131m etkili
\nolacaklar\u0131 y\u0131llard\u0131r. \u00c7\u00f6kmekte olan hasta Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n miras\u0131na konman\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli
\nhesaplar\u0131 yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Frans\u0131zlarda eksik de\u011fildir, herkes kendisine ba\u011fl\u0131
\nmisyonerler g\u00f6ndererek kendi \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yaratmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar. <\/p>\n
\nmisyonerlerin nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve neler yapmak istediklerine bir g\u00f6z
\natal\u0131m: <\/p>\n
\nk\u00e2hyal\u0131k yapan adam\u0131n birka\u00e7 ya\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011fluyla birlikte, uzaklarda bulunan bir
\nokula g\u00f6nderilirler. Okul \u0130ngiliz misyonerlerinindir. Etkili bir ailenin o\u011flunu
\nyanlar\u0131na alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130lk i\u015f, bu durumu \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye bildirmektir.
\n\u0130ngiltere\u2019den gelen cevap ise \u201cne
\npahas\u0131na olursa olsun, mutlaka ama mutlaka bu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 tutun ve kazan\u0131n! <\/em>d\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n
\nAncak a\u015firet liderinin o\u011flu, yaramaz birisidir. Toplumun ahlak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerini
\nzorlamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6yle ki misyonerin e\u015fine kabul edilmeyecek tacizlerde bulunur.
\n\u00c7izme a\u015f\u0131l\u0131r ve misyoner, gen\u00e7 ile k\u00e2hyan\u0131n o\u011flunu okuldan atar. Bu durumu
\n\u0130ngiltere\u2019ye rapor eder. \u0130ngiltere\u2019den gelen cevap ise \u201cne yaparsan\u0131z yap\u0131n
\no gen\u00e7leri geri okula getirin <\/em>talimat\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Misyoner, bedeli kavga
\nda olsa, e\u015finin taciz edilmesine mal da olsa gidip \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 getirecektir. Ne
\nde olsa gelecek i\u00e7in ciddi yat\u0131r\u0131mlar vard\u0131r. <\/p>\n
\nad\u0131m gelece\u011fin tohumluklar\u0131n\u0131 kendi himayelerinde ve Ortado\u011fu Halklar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n
\nba\u015f\u0131na bela olacak temelde yeti\u015ftirmektedirler. Ne de olsa bu dev\u015firme
\nki\u015filikler, gelecekte \u0130ngilizlerin Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki i\u015fbirlik\u00e7i ve ajanlar\u0131
\nolacaklard\u0131r. Sorun burada baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcbjektif ajan olup olmamalar\u0131 da
\nde\u011fildir. Beyni ve y\u00fcre\u011fi kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015flar, gelecekte kendilerini yeti\u015ftirmi\u015f
\nolanlara sad\u0131k kalmas\u0131n\u0131 bileceklerdir. Ba\u015fkan Apo b\u00f6ylesine ele al\u0131nan
\ntohumluklar\u0131 \u201cyeti\u015ftirme <\/em><\/strong> ve \u201cdayatma <\/em><\/strong> diye isimlendirmektedir.
\nBir nevi topluma zoraki dayat\u0131lacak ve yeti\u015ftirilmi\u015f Truva At\u0131 rol\u00fcn\u00fc oynayacak
\ns\u00f6zde fethedicileridir bu tiplemeler! <\/p>\n
\nOrtado\u011fu\u2019nun bug\u00fcn\u00fcne bakmak yeterli olacakt\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok Malik, Bey ve Kral\u0131n
\n\u0130ngiliz-Frans\u0131z okullar\u0131n\u0131n fideli\u011finde yeti\u015fmesinin de \u00f6tesinde \u00a0 <\/span>bir\u00e7o\u011funun anas\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f k\u00f6kenli olmas\u0131
\ns\u00f6ylediklerimizin derinli\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Elbette ki d\u0131\u015f evlilikleri ele\u015ftirmiyoruz.
\nFakat burada dile getirilen olgu emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7lerin Ortado\u011fu insanlar\u0131n\u0131
\nhangi yol ve y\u00f6ntemlerle kendilerine ba\u011flad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6z toplumlar\u0131na ihanet
\netme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00e7abas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n
\nErmeni gibi H\u0131ristiyan topluluklar\u0131yla ili\u015fkiler kurarak, onlara \u00e7e\u015fitli
\nvaatler sunup kendilerine ba\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 eksende \u00e7e\u015fitli K\u00fcrt
\nEmirlikleri\u2019yle de ili\u015fkilenmektedirler. Osmanl\u0131y\u0131 zay\u0131flatarak daha fazla
\nkapit\u00fclasyonlara zorlamak ve tabi ki istedikleri yere \u00e7ekmek temel ama\u00e7t\u0131r.
\nMisyoner \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r. \u0130ngilizler, hem Osmanl\u0131
\nkart\u0131n\u0131 hem K\u00fcrt kart\u0131n\u0131 hem de di\u011fer az\u0131nl\u0131k ve yereldeki kartlar\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131
\nbir \u015fekilde kullanmaktad\u0131rlar. Gerekti\u011finde birbirine k\u0131rd\u0131rtmaktan da
\n\u00e7ekinmemektedirler. <\/p>\n
\nDireni\u015fler, \u0130syanlar ve <\/strong><\/p>\n
\nKarakterleri <\/strong><\/p>\n
\ngeli\u015fir. 1800 y\u0131l\u0131 boyunca onlarca isyan ve direni\u015fi \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralamak yerinde
\nolacakt\u0131r:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
\n<\/span><\/p>\n
\nBaban \u0130syan\u0131 1789\u20131813 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda emirlikte \u201calt\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck sava\u015f olur. Bu
\nsava\u015flar emirli\u011fin kaderi ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruma sava\u015flar\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n
\nBabanzade Ahmet Pa\u015fa \u0130syan\u0131. S\u00fcleymaniye\u2019deki bu ayaklanma ise II. Babanzade
\nAyaklanmas\u0131 olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ahmet Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n idam\u0131yla
\nsonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n
\ndireni\u015fleri: <\/p>\n
\ndireni\u015ftir. Direni\u015f sahas\u0131 Do\u011fu Beyaz\u0131t, Van, Xoy, Erivan ve Maku alanlar\u0131d\u0131r.
\nGeni\u015f bir alan\u0131 kapsasa da \u00f6rg\u00fcts\u00fcz ve \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fcz oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in erkenden tasfiye
\nedildi. <\/p>\n
\n\u0130syan\u0131 1818\u201320\u201322 y\u0131llar\u0131nda hem Osmanl\u0131ya, hem de \u0130ran\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 geli\u015fmi\u015ftir.
\nBilbas a\u015fireti her iki devletin bask\u0131s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015fe ge\u00e7se de erkenden
\ntasfiye edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\nZaza A\u015firetleri \u0130syan\u0131. Dersim ve \u00e7evresinde etkili olmu\u015ftur. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n
\nortalar\u0131na kadar Osmanl\u0131 b\u00f6lgede \u0131srar etmi\u015f olsa da hakimiyet sa\u011flayamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n
\nPa\u015fa Direni\u015fi <\/p>\n
\ntoplamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 Serhat\u2019\u0131n a\u015firetleri rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ifade ederler.
\nOsmanl\u0131 Rus sava\u015flar\u0131 s\u00fcrerken, bu durumu kendilerine f\u0131rsat bilen Emir Pa\u015fa
\n\u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki K\u00fcrtler, Ruslardan da yard\u0131m alarak Osmanl\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 bir
\nm\u00fccadele ba\u015flatmak isteseler de, Ruslar\u0131n yard\u0131m sunmamalar\u0131 neticesinde
\nerkenden bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n
\naras\u0131nda Soran Emirli\u011fi\u2019nin h\u00e2kimi M\u00eer Muhammed \u0130syan\u0131. <\/p>\n
\nDa\u011f\u0131 etraf\u0131ndaki \u00caz\u00eed\u00ee K\u00fcrtleri ve T\u00fcrkmenlerin \u0130syan\u0131. <\/p>\n
\nMardin \u0130syan\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 Ordusu\u2019nun M\u0131s\u0131r Ordusu\u2019na yenilmesinden sonra
\n\u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n
\nA\u015firet Konfederasyonu\u2019nun da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 sonras\u0131, ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Re\u015fit Pa\u015fa\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131
\nHazro-Silvan civar\u0131nda Mirza A\u011fa liderli\u011finde Osmanl\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan direni\u015f. <\/p>\n
\ncivar\u0131ndaki direni\u015f, ancak 1849\u2019da bast\u0131r\u0131labilir. <\/p>\n
\nbeylerinden Said Bey\u2019in \u0130syan\u0131 ve kalesinin al\u0131nmas\u0131. <\/p>\n
\n\u0130syan\u0131. Diyarbak\u0131r, Mardin ve Siirt \u00e7evrelerinde etkili olur. Osmanl\u0131ya asker
\nve vergi vermeyi reddeden Garzan A\u015firetleri taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Haf\u0131z
\nPa\u015fa taraf\u0131ndan kanl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde bast\u0131r\u0131lan direni\u015f, 214 g\u00fcn s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. <\/p>\n
\nK\u00f6yl\u00fc Ayaklanmalar\u0131, ( Do\u011fu K\u00fcrdistan) <\/p>\n
\nk\u00f6yl\u00fcler hem \u0130ran\u2019a hem de rahats\u0131z olduklar\u0131 K\u00fcrt Beyleri\u2019ne kar\u015f\u0131 aya\u011fa
\nkalkt\u0131lar. \u0130ran Devleti, egemenlerin bildik olan halklar\u0131 birbirine kar\u015f\u0131
\nk\u0131rd\u0131rtma takti\u011fiyle Urmiye civar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Asurileri de yan\u0131na alarak
\nonlar\u0131n eliyle bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n
\nBedirxan Bey \u0130syan\u0131. Cizre-Botan Emirli\u011fine Son verilmesi. <\/p>\n
\nPa\u015fa \u0130syan\u0131 <\/p>\n
\nkatledildikten sonra Soran M\u00eerli\u011fin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. Ancak M\u00eerlik eskisi gibi
\n\u00f6zerk olmaktan ziyade Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n daha fazla hakim olduklar\u0131 bir M\u00eerlik
\nolmu\u015ftu. Bu rahats\u0131zl\u0131klara yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Yine Resul Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesi ise
\nOsmanl\u0131larda rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n uzla\u015fma aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 sonu\u00e7
\nalmay\u0131nca K\u00fcrtler isyan ettiler. Bunun \u00fczerine Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n Ba\u011fdat Valisi olan
\nRag\u0131p Pa\u015fa komutas\u0131nda bir ordu Resul Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc, Resul Pa\u015fa yenilince,
\nt\u00fcm varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na da el koyan Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, Soran M\u00eerli\u011fine son verdi. <\/p>\n
\nAhmet Pa\u015fa \u0130syan\u0131 <\/p>\n
\nPa\u015fa yeniden eski M\u00eerlik hedefini g\u00fcndemine alarak geni\u015flemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f ancak Bedirxanl\u0131lar\u0131n
\nK\u00fcrdistan’da M\u00eerli\u011fi ele ge\u00e7irmeleri buna f\u0131rsat vermemi\u015ftir. Bedirxanl\u0131lar\u0131n
\nyenilgisi ve yine Soran M\u00eer\u2019i Resul Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n yenilgisiyle ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131,
\nBabanzade Ahmet Pa\u015fa\u2019ya yeni umutlar ve f\u0131rsatlar do\u011furmas\u0131yla, Beyli\u011finin
\ns\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Babanzadelerin geli\u015fmesinin neye yol
\na\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iyi bilen Osmanl\u0131lar Ba\u011fdat\u2019taki valilerinin arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla h\u0131zla
\nhareket ederek Baban M\u00eerli\u011fine son verdiler. <\/p>\n
\n\u0130zzeddin Yezdan\u015f\u00ear \u0130syan\u0131. <\/p>\n
\nDiyarbak\u0131r Vilayetinde Re\u015fkotan\u2019l\u0131lar. (Sason ve Batman \u00e7evresinde) \u0130syana
\nkalkt\u0131lar. <\/p>\n
\nOsmanl\u0131 Ordular\u0131n\u0131n Dersim\u2019e y\u00f6nelik yeniden askeri harek\u00e2tlar\u0131. <\/p>\n
\ndireni\u015fi <\/p>\n
\ngidi\u015flerini Osmanl\u0131lar yasaklama getirerek Do\u011fu K\u00fcrdistan’da Kuzey K\u00fcrdistan\u2019a
\nge\u00e7mek isteyen g\u00f6\u00e7ebe a\u015firetlere sald\u0131r\u0131nca uzun y\u0131llar s\u00fcren direni\u015fler
\nya\u015fan\u0131r. <\/p>\n
\nAyaklanmas\u0131 <\/p>\n
\nyol yapma karar\u0131 ald\u0131. Bu yol yapma masraflar\u0131n\u0131 Dersim halk\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131karmaya
\nkalk\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131nda Dersim halk\u0131 sert kar\u015f\u0131 bir duru\u015fla cevap vermesi \u00fczerine,
\nyo\u011fun \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ya\u015fand\u0131. Osmanl\u0131lar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir orduyu \u0130smail Hakk\u0131 Pa\u015fa
\nkomutas\u0131nda Dersim \u00fczerine g\u00f6ndererek, ya\u015fanan ayaklanmay\u0131 bast\u0131rabildiler. <\/p>\n
\nDersim\u2019deki K\u00fcrtler yeniden ayakland\u0131lar. <\/p>\n
\nBedirxan Beyin O\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130syan\u0131. <\/p>\n
\nMaz\u0131da\u011f\u0131\u2019nda vergi toplamaya giden vergi Memurlar\u0131na K\u00fcrtler kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karak
\nayakland\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
\nA\u011fr\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgede, Haydaran a\u015fireti ayakland\u0131. <\/p>\n
\nUbeydullah Nehri \u0130syan\u0131 <\/p>\n
\nve De\u015ft A\u015firetleri Ayaklanmas\u0131 <\/p>\n
\nba\u015fkald\u0131ran De\u015fti a\u015firetinin lideri H\u00fcseyin zindanda katledilince, ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131
\ngeni\u015f sahaya yay\u0131ld\u0131. Arac\u0131lar\u0131n araya girmesiyle Urmiye ve Serde\u015ft\u2019te halka
\nzorbal\u0131k yapan Valilerin g\u00f6revden al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve yerlerine K\u00fcrt a\u015firet reislerinin
\natanmas\u0131yla, ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131 son buldu. <\/p>\n
\nIII. ve Son Giri\u015fimi- (1889)<\/p>\n
\nM\u00eerli\u011fi Direni\u015fi, Rewanduz Direni\u015fi \u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nwww.lekolin.info -www.navendalekolin.com -http:\/\/kursam.org\/index.html<\/strong><\/p>\n