\t\t\t\t\t\t\t ![](\"http:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/5365-1.jpg\")
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n
Baban M\u00eerli\u011fi Direni\u015f <\/strong><\/p>\n \u015eehrizor ve \u00e7evresinde h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren Baban M\u00eerli\u011fi, G\u00fcney A\u015firet\u00e7ilik ve Milliyet\u00e7ilik kitab\u0131nda, Baban\u2019lara \u201cBaban emirli\u011fi G\u00fcney K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da, S\u00fcleymaniye \u00e7evresinde Babanlarda, Abdurrahman Pa\u015fa 1789 y\u0131l\u0131nda emirli\u011fin ba\u015f\u0131na Bu geli\u015fmeler \u00fczerine Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, Abdurrahman K\u00fcrt Te\u015fisi yine d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u0130syan edenin en yak\u0131n\u0131nda duran \u0130kinci direni\u015f Bilbaslar direni\u015fidir (1818). Bu direni\u015f 1830\u201333 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Sincar da\u011f\u0131 etraf\u0131ndaki \u00caz\u00eed\u00ee \u00a0<\/p>\n Rewanduz Direni\u015fi <\/strong><\/p>\n M\u00eer Muhammed, 1788’de Rewanduz’da do\u011fmu\u015ftur. M\u00eer Muhammed o M\u00eer, topraklar\u0131n\u0131n savunma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na M\u00eer, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da Osmanl\u0131ya ba\u015fkald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olan Kavalal\u0131 Mehmet Bu arada yukar\u0131da da de\u011findi\u011fimiz gibi, uygarl\u0131k ve dejenere \u00d6te yandan M\u00eer’in 1833-34 y\u0131llar\u0131nda, Bahdinan ve Botan M\u00eer Muhammed’in fetihlerine kay\u0131ts\u0131z kalan Osmanl\u0131, art\u0131k Bu arada ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n hikayesini sonu\u00e7land\u0131rmadan, Kavalal\u0131 Mehmet Ali Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n o\u011flu \u0130brahim Pa\u015fa komutas\u0131ndaki M\u0131s\u0131r II. Mahmut, \u0130brahim Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu ba\u015far\u0131lar \u00fczerine Bunun i\u00e7in \u0130ngilizler de, Soran Emirli\u011fi\u2019nin geli\u015fmesinden G\u00fcncel durumumuz ile \u015f\u00f6yle bir k\u0131yaslama yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, Soran’\u0131 y\u0131kma g\u00f6revi, Sivas Valisi ve eski sadrazam olan M\u00eer Muhammed, Re\u015fit Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n \u00fczerine do\u011fru geldi\u011finden 1837’de Osmanl\u0131 Ordusu Rewanduz’u ku\u015fat\u0131r. Ve Harir’e kadar Hep bildik bir numara temcit pilav\u0131 gibi yeniden yeniden Kendisi i\u00e7in ko\u015fullar\u0131n elveri\u015fsiz oldu\u011funu g\u00f6ren M\u00eer, M\u00eer Muhammed, \u0130stanbul’a g\u00f6nderilir. Kendisi hakk\u0131nda idam M\u00eer Muhammed Pa\u015fa’dan sonra M\u00eerli\u011fin ba\u015f\u0131na karde\u015fi Resul K\u00fcrt\u2019\u00fcn o bilinen k\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn burada aynen tekrarlanmas\u0131n\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 askeri komutanlar\u0131ndan olan Re\u015fit Pa\u015fa Rewanduz\u2019un \u00d6rne\u011fin 1838 y\u0131l\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck komutanlar\u0131ndan Bu trajedik duruma ili\u015fkin Moltke daha ilgin\u00e7 c\u00fcmleler de Re\u015fit Pa\u015fa K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131 b\u00f6yle boydan boya ezip ge\u00e7erken Garzan seferi i\u00e7in Moltke kitab\u0131n\u0131n bir paragraf\u0131nda: \u201c19. Hemen ard\u0131ndan bu kez Ho\u015fap\u2019ta bulunan M\u00fcksl\u00fc Han Mahmut\u2019un Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Amediyeli \u0130smail Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n \u00fczerine de gidilerek Evet, Osmanl\u0131lar Bedirxanl\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce Devam Edecek: Bedirxanlar\u0131n Botan Direni\u015fi, \u0130zzeddin \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Abdullah \u00d6calan Sosyal Bilimler Akademisi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Tarih \u015eimdidir-K\u00fcrdistan Tarihine \u00d6zl\u00fc Bir Bak\u0131\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n Kas\u0131m Engin<\/strong><\/p>\n K\u00fcrdistan Stratejik Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Merkezi<\/strong><\/p>\n www.lekolin.com – www.lekolin.org – www.lekolin.net \u2013 \u00a0<\/p>\n 0<\/p>\n 21<\/p>\n TR<\/p>\n HE<\/p>\n \t :” ” <\/p>\n \t :”” <\/p>\n \t ” “,” ” <\/p>\n \t<\/p>\n
\nK\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n eski ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc M\u00eerliklerden birisiydi. 1786 y\u0131l\u0131nda merkezleri olan
\nbug\u00fcnk\u00fc S\u00fcleymaniye kentini \u0130brahim Baban Pa\u015fa kurmu\u015ftu. Baban Emirli\u011fi\u2019nin
\n\u00f6nemi, Osmanl\u0131 ile \u0130ran aras\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131r b\u00f6lgesinde bulunmas\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131yordu.
\nBu nedenle Baban, Osmanl\u0131 ile \u0130ran aras\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli y\u0131pranmaktayd\u0131. Baban
\nEmirli\u011fi\u2019nin kuvvetli, etkin ve iyi bir ordusu vard\u0131. <\/p>\n
\nili\u015fkin yaz\u0131lanlar \u015f\u00f6yledir <\/strong><\/p>\n
\nolu\u015fmu\u015f \u00f6zellikle 1550\u20131850 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda belirgin bir rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nOsmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131. Pers yanl\u0131s\u0131 K\u00fcrt Emirli\u011fi Erdelan’a kar\u015f\u0131,
\nOsmanl\u0131 Devleti yan\u0131nda i\u015fgal hareketine kat\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130ran Devleti\u2019nin de s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda
\nolmalar\u0131 nedeniyle zaman zaman saf de\u011fi\u015ftirerek g\u00fc\u00e7 art\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u0130kili bir karakter g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019yle ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131
\ngeli\u015ftirerek, Pa\u015fa unvan\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131lar. Beylik s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kalabal\u0131k n\u00fcfus
\nya\u015f\u0131yordu. A\u015firetli olanlar reisler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla y\u00f6netiliyorlard\u0131. A\u015firetli
\nolmayanlar ise Emir’in atad\u0131\u011f\u0131 valiler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla y\u00f6netiliyorlard\u0131. Y\u00f6netim
\ns\u0131k s\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fiyordu. Y\u00f6netime yeni gelen kendi kadrolar\u0131yla geliyor ve ona g\u00f6re
\ng\u00f6revlendiriliyordu. De\u011fi\u015fiklik s\u0131k s\u0131k oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in g\u00f6reve gelen yetkililer
\nmaddi g\u00fc\u00e7lerini artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in katl\u0131 bir s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc uygulad\u0131lar. B\u00fcrokrasi
\nsistemle\u015fmedi, s\u0131k s\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fti. Ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 olanlar a\u015firetsiz k\u00f6yl\u00fcler \u00fczerinde
\nkat\u0131 bir tahakk\u00fcm kuruyorlard\u0131. Bu emirli\u011fi 1820\u2019de ziyaret eden James. C. Rich
\ng\u00f6zlemlerini aktar\u0131rken, saray i\u00e7i \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmenin Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin bir
\ntaklidi oldu\u011funu belirtir. <\/p>\n
\nge\u00e7ti. Baban Emirli\u011fi\u2019nin ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu Ba\u011fdat Valisi, Abdurrahman Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n
\nEmirli\u011fin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7mesini istemiyordu. Ba\u011fdat Valisi\u2019nin bu tutumuna kar\u015f\u0131
\nAbdurrahman Pa\u015fa kuvvet kullanmak suretiyle emirli\u011fin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7ti. Abdurrahman
\nPa\u015fa ilk g\u00fcnden itibaren Ba\u011fdat Valisi\u2019nin sultas\u0131ndan kurtulmak istiyordu.
\nEmirli\u011fin ba\u015f\u0131na geldi\u011finde, Ba\u011fdat’\u0131n emirlik i\u00e7i\u015flerine kar\u0131\u015famayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan
\netti. Abdurrahman Pa\u015fa d\u00f6neminde emirli\u011fin g\u00fc\u00e7 ve etkinli\u011fi daha da artt\u0131 ve
\nAbdurrahman Pa\u015fa t\u00fcm K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n en etkin h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 haline geldi. <\/p>\n
\nPa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n etkinli\u011finin artmas\u0131ndan daha fazla endi\u015felenmeye ba\u015flar ve dengelemek
\ni\u00e7in rakip bir a\u015firet reisini S\u00fcleymaniye emirli\u011fine atar. Bu durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda
\nBaban Beyli\u011fi 1806 y\u0131l\u0131nda ayaklan\u0131r. Abdurrahman Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n 24 y\u0131ll\u0131k iktidar\u0131
\nboyunca emirlik b\u00fcnyesinde alt\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck sava\u015f olmu\u015ftu. Fakat 1806’daki bu
\ndireni\u015f, \u00e7ok daha kapsaml\u0131 ve geni\u015ftir. Ayaklanan Abdurrahman Pa\u015fa, yeni atanan
\nS\u00fcleymaniye Emiri’ni \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcr ve Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ba\u015far\u0131 elde eder.
\nFakat Osmanl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fc\u00e7le direni\u015fin \u00fczerine gider. Sava\u015f, zaman zaman \u0130ran
\nK\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131na da ta\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7 y\u0131la yak\u0131n s\u00fcren bu sava\u015fta Abdurrahman Pa\u015fa
\nkuvvetleri, b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131lar elde etmi\u015f ve direni\u015fi kazanmak \u00fczereyken,
\nAbdurrahman Pa\u015fan\u0131n karde\u015fi Halit Pa\u015fa ve baz\u0131 akrabalar\u0131 kendisine ihanet
\nedip, Osmanl\u0131 saflar\u0131na ge\u00e7erler. Hareket bu nedenle 1808 y\u0131l\u0131nda bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f
\nolur. Abdurrahman Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n o\u011flu Ahmet Bey 1812 y\u0131l\u0131nda yeniden direni\u015fe ge\u00e7se
\nde erkenden bast\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Par\u00e7a par\u00e7a direni\u015fler ba\u015fka Mirliklerde oldu\u011fu gibi
\nhep s\u00fcrer. <\/p>\n
\nve en yak\u0131n\u0131nda olmas\u0131 gerekenler, rant ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck \u00e7\u0131karlar elde etmek i\u00e7in
\nkar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na ge\u00e7erek arkadan han\u00e7erleme rol\u00fcn\u00fc, biny\u0131llar \u00f6ncesindeki
\nEnkidu gibi yerine getireceklerdir. <\/p>\n
\na\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak bug\u00fcn Do\u011fu K\u00fcrdistan diye bildi\u011fimiz alanlarda geli\u015fir.
\nGiderek \u00e7evreye yay\u0131lan bir direni\u015ftir. Nah\u00e7ivan, Erivan ve Xoy’daki \u0130ran
\ng\u00f6\u00e7ebe K\u00fcrtleri de kat\u0131l\u0131r. Esasta farkl\u0131 bir karakteri olan bir direni\u015ftir. Egemenlerin
\nyani K\u00fcrt \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n bir ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan ziyade, k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin ve
\ntopraks\u0131zlar\u0131n bir direni\u015fidir. Osmanl\u0131lar, \u0130ranl\u0131larla ortakla\u015farak bast\u0131rmaya
\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015fsalar da, yer yer yay\u0131lacak ve farkl\u0131 alanlara kayacakt\u0131r. Ancak
\n\u00f6rg\u00fcts\u00fczl\u00fckten dolay\u0131 ezilecektir. S\u0131n\u0131f karakteri itibariyle de \u00f6nemle ele
\nal\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken direni\u015fler olduklar\u0131 bir o kadar kesindir. Yine ayn\u0131 y\u00fcz y\u0131lda
\nbenzer bir\u00e7ok direni\u015fin Osmanl\u0131lara ve \u0130ranl\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 geli\u015fti\u011fini belirtelim.\n<\/p>\n
\nK\u00fcrtleri ve T\u00fcrkmen \u0130syan\u0131 geli\u015fir, ancak ba\u015far\u0131 elde edemeden ezileceklerdir.
\nBirazdan ele alaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z M\u00eer Muhammed Pa\u015fa, bu isyan\u0131 bast\u0131racak ve katliamlar
\nger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirecektir. <\/p>\n
\nd\u00f6nemde K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da yeg\u00e2ne e\u011fitim yeri olan medresede e\u011fitim g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olup
\ndindar bir ki\u015fidir. Revadi a\u015firetinden gelen babas\u0131 Sar\u0131m Bey\u2019in yerine 1814
\ny\u0131l\u0131nda Soran Beyli\u011finin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7er. Mele Muhemed\u00ea Xat\u00ea, Mele Yehyay\u00ee Mizor\u00ee
\ngibi isimlerden dindarlar\u0131 da dikkate alan bir ki\u015filiktir.<\/p>\n
\nb\u00fcy\u00fck dikkat g\u00f6sterir. M\u00eer Muhammed’in \u00fcnl\u00fc silah \u00fcreticilerini ve in\u015faat
\nustalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fclkeye davet etti\u011fi, Rewanduz\u2019da ate\u015fli ve ate\u015fsiz silah ve cephane
\n\u00fcretimini \u00f6rg\u00fctledi\u011fi, kimi rivayetlere g\u00f6re 10.000 kimilerine g\u00f6re 40.000
\nki\u015filik ordusuna g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc silahlar ve \u00fcniformalar da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenir. M\u00eer, Osmanl\u0131
\nve \u0130ran’\u0131n aralar\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fki ve sava\u015f durumundan yararlanmay\u0131 bilir ve
\ns\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 olduk\u00e7a geni\u015fletebilece\u011fi zeminler olu\u015fturur. Baban Emirli\u011fini 1827
\ny\u0131l\u0131nda denetimi alt\u0131na al\u0131r. Daha sonra Behdinan\u2019a y\u00f6nelir oralar\u0131 ele
\nge\u00e7irir. Ve 1832 Y\u0131l\u0131\u2019nda ise Behdinan\u2019\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eder. Hatta Osmanl\u0131
\nDevleti, onunla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelmemek i\u00e7in en b\u00fcy\u00fck r\u00fctbelerden biri olan
\n“M\u00eer\u00ea M\u00eeran (M\u00eerlerin M\u00eeri)” unvan\u0131n\u0131 kendisine verir. Ayr\u0131ca \u0130ran
\nda, emirli\u011fin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n
\nAli Pa\u015fa ile de diyalog geli\u015ftirerek dostluk antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 30’lu
\ny\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda M\u00eer’in iktidar\u0131 art\u0131k Musul\u2019dan, \u0130ran s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na hatta \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n
\nkuzeyinde bulunan Azerbaycan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na de\u011fin uzanan geni\u015f bir b\u00f6lgeye
\nyay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u00eer, 1830 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan eder. <\/p>\n
\nolmu\u015f a\u015firet ili\u015fkilerinden uzakla\u015farak \u0130slaml\u0131\u011f\u0131n muktedir format\u0131na
\nalternatif bir \u015fekilde eski Zerd\u00fc\u015fti inan\u00e7lar\u0131yla \u0130slaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 da sentezleyerek
\nvarolu\u015funu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren K\u00fcrt \u00caz\u00eed\u00ee toplulu\u011fu her t\u00fcrl\u00fc iktidar ve hegemonya
\ng\u00fc\u00e7leri taraf\u0131ndan t\u00fcrl\u00fc bahanelerle hedef se\u00e7ilmi\u015flerdir. M\u00eer Muhammed de bu
\niktidarc\u0131 gelenekten geri kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1831\u2019de Musul \u00e7evresindeki \u00caz\u00eed\u00eeler,
\nS\u00fcnni bir K\u00fcrt A\u011fas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcnce, bu a\u011fan\u0131n yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n M\u00eer’e gelip yard\u0131m
\nistedikleri s\u00f6ylenir. Bunun \u00fczerine M\u00eer, \u00caz\u00eed\u00eelerin \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcr. \u00caz\u00eed\u00ee
\nToplumu bu sald\u0131r\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tutunamay\u0131p, \u00e7evreye da\u011f\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011fu \u00caz\u00eed\u00ee
\nkatliamdan ge\u00e7irilir. Bir\u00e7ok \u00caz\u00eed\u00ee cemaati ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n
\nEmirli\u011fine sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. M\u00eer, Behdinan\u2019\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdikten sonra, Botan
\nBeyli\u011fi\u2019nin \u00fczerine gider. Ancak Botan Beyi olan M\u00eer Bedirxan, g\u00fc\u00e7lerini geri
\n\u00e7ekerek onunla sava\u015fa giri\u015fmez, daha do\u011frusu kendi topraklar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kavgas\u0131n\u0131
\ns\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Bahdinan\u2019da sonradan geli\u015fecek isyan ard\u0131ndan M\u00eer Muhammed, Bahdinan
\nb\u00f6lgesini tamam\u0131yla i\u015fgal ederek y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r var olan Bahdinan beyli\u011fine son
\nvermi\u015f olur. <\/p>\n
\n\u00f6nlenemez ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve h\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131 kendileri i\u00e7in tehlikeli bularak
\nendi\u015felenmeye ba\u015flar. Daha fazla g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesini \u00f6nleyerek, egemenli\u011fine son
\nvermeyi politik \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na uygun bulur. Art\u0131k \u00f6n\u00fcnde Kavalal\u0131 Mehmet Ali Pa\u015fa
\nengeli de yoktur. <\/p>\n
\nMehmet Ali Pa\u015fa \u0130syan\u0131\u2019n\u0131 anlatt\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131zla ilgili oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00f6zetle
\nanlatmam\u0131z gerekecektir. <\/p>\n
\nOrdusu, Akka’y\u0131 alarak \u015eam \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcr. \u015eam’\u0131 alan M\u0131s\u0131r Ordusu, Belen
\nge\u00e7idinde bir Osmanl\u0131 Ordusu\u2019nu yenerek Adana’ya girer (1833). Ard\u0131ndan da
\n\u0130stanbul \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcr. Sadrazam Re\u015fit Pa\u015fa komutas\u0131ndaki Osmanl\u0131 kuvvetlerinin
\nde Konya’da ma\u011flup olmas\u0131yla M\u0131s\u0131r ordusuna \u0130stanbul yolu a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n
\nRuslardan yard\u0131m istemek zorunda kal\u0131r. Rus \u00c7ar\u0131 l. Nikola, bu teklifi kabul
\nederek Karadeniz donanmas\u0131yla bir Rus Ordusu\u2019nu \u0130stanbul’a g\u00f6nderir. Rus
\ndonanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u0130stanbul’a kadar gelmesi, M\u0131s\u0131r sorununu bir Avrupa sorununa
\nd\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr. \u00c7\u0131karlar\u0131 tehlikeye d\u00fc\u015fen \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa, II. Mahmut ile
\nKavalal\u0131 Mehmet Ali Pa\u015fa aras\u0131na girerek anla\u015fma yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flarlar. Bunun
\n\u00fczerine Osmanl\u0131larla Kavalal\u0131 Mehmet Ali Pa\u015fa aras\u0131nda K\u00fctahya Antla\u015fmas\u0131
\nyap\u0131l\u0131r (1833). Dikkat edecek olursak burada, hem Osmanl\u0131y\u0131 peyde pey
\nzay\u0131flatan \u0130ngiliz, Rus ve Frans\u0131z \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcs\u00fc, hem de \u201cBo\u011fazdaki Hasta Adam\u0131
\nayakta kalmas\u0131nda \u0131srar eden ayn\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc s\u00f6z konusudur. Hasta adam yeni hegemonya
\ni\u00e7in zemin tam manas\u0131yla haz\u0131rlan\u0131ncaya kadar hasta kalmaya devam etmeli, ancak
\nhastan\u0131n yerine ge\u00e7ebilecek ya da hasta \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde geli\u015febilecek alternatif bir
\niktidar gelmemelidir, bu \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u00fcm amac\u0131 budur. Her zaman oldu\u011fu gibi
\nemperyalistler atlar\u0131n\u0131 yine sa\u011flam kaz\u0131\u011fa ba\u011flamaktad\u0131rlar. <\/p>\n
\nendi\u015feleniyor ve biran \u00f6nce yok edilmesini istiyorlard\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu b\u00f6lgede
\nolu\u015facak bir K\u00fcrt Devleti ya da etkili bir K\u00fcrt g\u00fcc\u00fc, \u0130ngilizlerin Basra
\nk\u00f6rfezindeki ve Hindistan\u2019daki menfaatlerine ters olup bu menfaatlere b\u00fcy\u00fck ve
\ng\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir K\u00fcrt Beyli\u011fi\u2019nin zarar verece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmektedirler. Ruslar\u0131n kuzeyden
\nsald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 da buna eklenince, \u0130ngilizlerin b\u00f6lgedeki \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 tamamen
\ntehlikeye d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olacakt\u0131. \u0130ngilizler, zay\u0131f y\u00f6netime sahip ve kendilerine
\nba\u011fl\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netiminin b\u00f6lgede ya\u015famas\u0131n\u0131, kendileri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha faydal\u0131
\ng\u00f6receklerdir. Bu nedenle Kavalal\u0131 Mehmet Ali Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131
\nOsmanl\u0131ya yard\u0131m etmi\u015flerdir. \u0130ngilizlerin yard\u0131m\u0131 olmasayd\u0131, Osmanl\u0131
\nKavalal\u0131\u2019y\u0131 durduramayacakt\u0131. S\u0131rada Soran emirli\u011fi vard\u0131. \u0130ngilizlerin yeni g\u00f6revi
\nbu emirli\u011fin yok edilmesi i\u00e7in Osmanl\u0131ya yard\u0131m etmekti. <\/p>\n
\nK\u00fcrtlerin ezilmesinde yine \u0130ngiliz parma\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmemiz hayli ilgin\u00e7 olsa gerek!
\nSon iki y\u00fczy\u0131lda nerede bir K\u00fcrt yenilgisi varsa, nerede K\u00fcrtlere bir haks\u0131zl\u0131k
\nyap\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa ve nerede bir komplo olu\u015fturulmu\u015fsa, bunun alt\u0131ndan hep \u0130ngiliz
\nparma\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 derince ele al\u0131n\u0131p irdelenmesi gereken bir mevzudur. <\/p>\n
\nRe\u015fit Pa\u015fa\u2019ya verilir. 1830 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda k\u0131rk bin ki\u015filik bir ordu ile
\nSoran\u2019a do\u011fru ilerlemeye ba\u015flar. Re\u015fit Pa\u015fa komutas\u0131ndaki Osmanl\u0131 askerleri,
\nK\u00fcrdistan\u2019da ilerleyerek birka\u00e7 ay i\u00e7inde Rewanduz yak\u0131nlar\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131rlar.
\nGe\u00e7tikleri yerleri talan ve ya\u011fma etmeyi de ihmal etmezler. Re\u015fit Pa\u015fa, kendine
\nboyun e\u011fmeyen K\u00fcrt yerle\u015fim yerlerini ezip ge\u00e7er. Musul ve Ba\u011fdat valileri
\ntaraf\u0131ndan komuta edilen iki kuvvetle de bulu\u015fup, Soran’a do\u011fru ilerlemeye
\ndevam edecektir. Kald\u0131 ki zaten Soran\u2019\u0131 ezmek i\u00e7in yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p gelmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n
\nbihaber halde Do\u011fu K\u00fcrdistan’a sald\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ran’la aras\u0131nda olan anla\u015fmazl\u0131k
\ndaha k\u00f6t\u00fc bir hale b\u00fcr\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u0130ran, M\u00eer’in Do\u011fu K\u00fcrdistan’a yerle\u015ftirdi\u011fi
\nK\u00fcrtleri \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in bir ordu g\u00f6nderir, ancak sonu\u00e7 alamaz. Re\u015fit Pa\u015fa ile
\nkar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelen M\u00eer hatas\u0131n\u0131 anlar ve \u0130ran’\u0131 tan\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ona vergi
\n\u00f6deyece\u011fini vaat edip iki devletin ortak hareket etmesini \u00f6nlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.
\nAncak bunun i\u00e7in \u00e7ok ge\u00e7tir, art\u0131k i\u015f i\u015ften ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir ve k\u00f6yl\u00fc kurnazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fe
\nyaramayacakt\u0131r. Rusya ve \u0130ngiltere de, Soran\u2019a sald\u0131rmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u0130ran’a maddi
\nve politik yard\u0131mda bulunmu\u015ftur. Hatta Tebriz\u2019te bulunan \u0130ngiliz konsoloslu\u011fu
\n\u0130ran ile Osmanl\u0131 Devleti aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok yo\u011fun bir diplomatik trafik \u00f6rerek, M\u00eer
\nMuhammed\u2019din nas\u0131l d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclebilece\u011finin planlamas\u0131n\u0131 bile yapmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylesi
\nk\u0131skaca al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir zamanda \u0130ran’a sald\u0131rmas\u0131, M\u00eer’in en b\u00fcy\u00fck hatalar\u0131ndan
\nbiri olmu\u015ftur. Kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 iki cephe birden a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n
\nilerler. Da\u011fl\u0131k kesime \u00e7ekilen K\u00fcrt G\u00fc\u00e7leri, ge\u00e7itleri tutarak geni\u015f bir alan\u0131
\nkontrol ederler. 40 bin ki\u015filik K\u00fcrt Ordusu, direni\u015fiyle Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131 geriletir.
\nBu ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kurnazl\u0131\u011fa ba\u015fvuran Re\u015fit Pa\u015fa, bar\u0131\u015f \u00f6nerisinde
\nbulunur. Re\u015fit Pa\u015fa, M\u00eer Muhammed\u2019in ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanaca\u011f\u0131 ve yine y\u00f6netimin ba\u015f\u0131nda
\nkalaca\u011f\u0131na dair teminat verir. Ona \u2018ger\u00e7ek\u2019 bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olarak hitap eder ve
\nM\u00fcsl\u00fcman kan\u0131 d\u00f6kmemeye davet eder. Re\u015fit Pa\u015fa, \u00f6zellikle Melleleri devreye
\nsokar. Melleler, M\u00eer’i ikna etmek i\u00e7in yo\u011fun bir \u00e7aba harcarlar. Ayr\u0131ca halka
\nda \u0130slam halifesiyle \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fman\u0131n haram olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, halife ordusuna kar\u015f\u0131 silah
\nta\u015f\u0131yanlar\u0131n k\u00e2fir olaca\u011f\u0131na ve kar\u0131s\u0131yla bo\u015fanm\u0131\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131na dair fetvalar
\nvererek halk\u0131 etkilemeyi ba\u015far\u0131rlar. Zaman\u0131nda \u015eengal\u2019deki \u00caz\u00eed\u00eelerin katledilmesinin
\nfetvas\u0131n\u0131 da verenlerin ayn\u0131 ki\u015filer oldu\u011funu da belirtmemiz gerekir. <\/p>\n
\nK\u00fcrtlerin \u00f6n\u00fcne getirilmektedir. Ancak yeniden pi\u015firilecek olan temcit pilav\u0131
\nolsa da, s\u00f6z konusu K\u00fcrt Egemenleri olunca kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 u\u011fruna bu numaray\u0131
\nhep yutacaklard\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn de ayn\u0131 K\u00fcrt Elitleri b\u00f6yle de\u011fil midirler? <\/p>\n
\nverilen s\u00f6zlere de kanarak Re\u015fit Pa\u015fa’ya gidip halifeye ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011funu
\nbildirerek bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 kabul eder. Zaten M\u00eer\u2019in, Osmanl\u0131larla ideolojik bir sorunu
\nyoktur. M\u00eer\u2019in tek bir derdi vard\u0131r o da kendi beyli\u011finin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z kalabilmesi
\nve kendisinin M\u00eer olarak tan\u0131nmas\u0131d\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu bile
\nde\u011fildir. K\u00fcrtl\u00fck s\u00f6z d\u00fczeyinde s\u00f6ylenmi\u015f olabilir, ancak \u00f6z\u00fc itibariyle her an
\nOsmanl\u0131yla ya da \u0130ran\u2019la olunabilece\u011fini zaten pratikleriyle g\u00f6stermektedir. <\/p>\n
\nkarar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ancak karar gizli tutulmu\u015ftur. Bu s\u0131rada ba\u011f\u0131\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131
\nve \u00fclkesine d\u00f6nece\u011fini sanan M\u00eer, 1837 y\u0131l\u0131nda yolda-kimi rivayetlere g\u00f6re
\nSivas, kimisine g\u00f6re Trabzon, ancak baz\u0131 belgelerde ise Amasya\u2019da katledildi\u011fi
\nbelirtilir. <\/p>\n
\nPa\u015fa ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. 1847’ye kadar yeni M\u00eer, Soran Beyli\u011fini y\u00f6netir. Osmanl\u0131lar
\nduruma hakim olduktan sonra bu kez de, M\u00eer Muhammed\u2019in karde\u015fini s\u00fcrg\u00fcne
\ng\u00f6nderirler. B\u00f6ylece ba\u015f\u0131na bir Osmanl\u0131 valisi atayarak, Soran emirli\u011fine
\ntamamen son vermi\u015f olurlar. Genel olarak da, ayaklanma bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra K\u00fcrdistan
\nb\u00fcy\u00fck bir katliama maruz kal\u0131r. \u0130rili ufakl\u0131 bir\u00e7ok beylik tasfiye edilerek
\nortadan kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n
\nbir daha g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Halk\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6rg\u00fctlenip halk i\u00e7in bir \u015fey yapma
\nyerine, kendi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131 ve kendi ailesi i\u00e7in direni\u015fe kalk\u0131larak on binlerce
\ninsan\u0131n katledilmesine yol a\u00e7\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca da her zaman g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz,
\negemenlerin i\u015fgalci g\u00fc\u00e7lerle \u00e7eli\u015fkili olmaktan ziyade, hep bir birlik ve
\nberaberlik i\u00e7erisinde olduklar\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6yle olunca i\u015fgalci g\u00fc\u00e7ler taraf\u0131ndan,
\nistedikleri zamanda ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131labilmek \u00e7okta zor olmamaktad\u0131r. Burada
\ntaktik, i\u015fgalcilerin do\u011fru zaman\u0131 bekleyerek bir hamleyle kaleyi i\u00e7ten
\nd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeleridir. Yapt\u0131klar\u0131 da zaten budur. <\/p>\n
\nd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesinden sonra bu kez daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve az tehlikeli olan beylerin ortadan
\nkald\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7er. Nedeni a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r g\u00f6r\u00fclen k\u00f6y k\u0131lavuz istemez
\nderler. K\u00fcrtlerin zay\u0131flayan Osmanl\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 giderek daha fazla uzakla\u015facaklar\u0131
\nkesin gibidir. Bunun i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck tehlike olarak duran Bedirxanlara kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131
\nharek\u00e2t\u0131 ba\u015flatmadan \u00f6nce stratejik olarak tehlikeli, ancak taktik olarak
\nerkenden ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131labileceklerin hedeflenmesi se\u00e7ilen strateji olacakt\u0131r.\n<\/p>\n
\nsay\u0131lan Re\u015fit Pa\u015fa, Mehmet Sait Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n \u00fczerine gidecektir. Daha \u00f6nce
\n\u015eengal\u2019in \u00fczerine giderek b\u00fcy\u00fck katliamlar zaten ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Daha
\nsonraki y\u0131llarda Prusya\u2019n\u0131n Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 olacak olan Moltke T\u00fcrkiye Mektuplar\u0131
\nadl\u0131 eserinde: \u201cK\u00fcrt Mehmet Pa\u015fa harek\u00e2t\u0131 pek uygun ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. Toplar\u0131n
\neri\u015fmesinden be\u015f g\u00fcn sonra kale teslime mecbur edilmi\u015fti. K\u0131talar\u0131n s\u0131hhi
\ndurumlar\u0131 m\u00fckemmeldi, yaral\u0131 pek azd\u0131 ve hemen hemen hepsi m\u00fcttefik
\nK\u00fcrtlerdendi, bunlarda zayiattan say\u0131lm\u0131yordu diye yazm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 olduk\u00e7a
\nd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr. Mehmet Sait Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne Re\u015fit Pa\u015fa ile birlikte Bedirxan\u2019da
\nvard\u0131r. \u201cYaral\u0131 pek azd\u0131 ve hemen hemen hepsi m\u00fcttefik K\u00fcrtlerdendi, bunlarda
\nzayiattan say\u0131lm\u0131yordu dedikleri askerler muhtemelen Bedirxan\u2019\u0131n askerleridir.\n<\/p>\n
\nsarf etmektedir: \u201c12 May\u0131s 1838 g\u00fcn\u00fc Re\u015fit pa\u015fa toplar\u0131n\u0131 develere y\u00fckletmi\u015f ve
\nbunlar\u0131 geceleyin dereden yukar\u0131, su i\u00e7inde y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015f sonra meyilli olarak ve
\n\u00e7ok uzaktan kaleyi k\u0131rk g\u00fcn topa tutmu\u015f. Nihayet bey \u201cRai yani dostluk
\nricas\u0131nda bulunmu\u015f yolda\u015f\u0131 Sait Bey\u2019in kalesine h\u00fccumla zapt etmi\u015f, buna
\nm\u00fck\u00e2fat olarak kendisine bug\u00fcn de hala ismi var cismi yok bir Asakir-i Redife
\nalay\u0131n\u0131n albayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilmi\u015f tir demektedir. Redif alay\u0131 d\u00fczenli olmayan, oradan
\nburadan toplanan insanlardan olu\u015fan askeri alay oluyor. Sait Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n
\nBedirxan\u2019\u0131n amcas\u0131 oldu\u011funu da ekleyelim. <\/p>\n
\nyan\u0131nda hep b\u00f6yle Beyler olmu\u015ftur. Bu kez s\u0131ra Garzan\u2019\u0131 fethetme seferine
\ngelmi\u015ftir. Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n komutan\u0131 bu kez Haf\u0131z Pa\u015fa\u2019d\u0131r. \u00c7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck katliamlar
\nyapar. K\u00fcrdistan sanki yeniden i\u015fgal ediliyorcas\u0131na bu katliamlar amans\u0131z bir
\n\u015fekilde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr. <\/p>\n
\nPiyade alay\u0131, iki hassa s\u00fcvari alay\u0131, birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz sipahi, y\u00fczlerle ba\u015f\u0131bozuk ve
\n\u00fc\u00e7 topla yani hepsi birden 3000 ki\u015fi ile yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r dedikten sonra, bu
\nsefere \u015eirvan Beyi olan Mut Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n da yerini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 eklemektedir. \u0130hanet
\nb\u00f6yle yeniden yeniden tekrarlanarak ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 seferde: \u201cOraya
\nganimetleri ve esirleri getiriyorlard\u0131. Kanl\u0131 yaralar i\u00e7inde erkekler ve
\nkad\u0131nlar memedekilerinden itibaren her ya\u015fta \u00e7ocuklar, kesik ba\u015flar ve
\nkulaklar. Bunlar\u0131n hepsini getirene 50-100 kuru\u015fluk bir bah\u015fi\u015fle \u00f6d\u00fcllendiriliyordu
\ndiyerek ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen katliamlar\u0131n d\u00fczeyini g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne sermektedir. Bu
\nkatliama benzer bir\u00e7ok katliam\u0131 Moltke s\u0131ralamaktad\u0131r. Temmuz ay\u0131nda yap\u0131lan
\nba\u015fka bir sald\u0131r\u0131da: \u201cYukar\u0131ya var\u0131nca g\u00f6z\u00fc k\u0131zm\u0131\u015f olan askerler kar\u015f\u0131 koyan
\nkim varsa vurup k\u0131rd\u0131lar. 400-500 K\u00fcrt \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Elli kadar kad\u0131n
\ng\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclmek istenirken kabarm\u0131\u015f olan da\u011f deresinde bo\u011fuldular demektedir.
\nUnutulmas\u0131n ki katledilenler k\u00f6yl\u00fclerdir. S\u0131radan K\u00fcrt k\u00f6ylerine kar\u015f\u0131
\nOsmanl\u0131lar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir plan dahilinde sald\u0131r\u0131lar y\u00fcr\u00fctmektedirler. K\u00fcrtlerin bu
\nsald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ise sadece ve sadece direnmektir. Katliamlar\u0131n
\ndozaj\u0131 o kadar y\u00fcksektir ki Prusyal\u0131 asker yer yer bu katliamlara kat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131
\ni\u00e7in mutlu oldu\u011funu belirtme gere\u011fi duymu\u015ftur. <\/p>\n
\n\u00fczerine gidilerek ezilir. Dikkat edilmesi gerekli olan bir durum bu direni\u015fin
\ndaha sonra Bedirxan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nde komutanlar\u0131ndan olacak olan Hakkari Miri Nurullah
\ntaraf\u0131ndan ezilmeleridir. <\/p>\n
\nb\u00fcy\u00fck katliamlar yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir tarihi ger\u00e7ektir. <\/p>\n
\nkendilerince \u00f6nce g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir yol temizli\u011fini yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ne tuhaft\u0131r ki bu yol
\ntemizli\u011fini Osmanl\u0131lara g\u00f6sterenler bug\u00fcn s\u00f6zde insan haklar\u0131n\u0131n savunucular\u0131
\nolan Ulus Devlet\u2019in icat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 olan Avrupal\u0131lard\u0131r. <\/p>\n
\nYezdan\u015f\u00ear \u0130syan\u0131 1853-1856<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nwww.lekolin.info -www.navendalekolin.com -http:\/\/kursam.org\/index.html<\/strong><\/p>\n