\t\t\t\t\t\t\t ![](\"http:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/4385-1.jpg\")
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n
Irak\u2019\u0131n kuzeybat\u0131s\u0131nda yer alan Musul (Ninova) \u015fehri,
\nT\u00fcrkiye ve Suriye s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. Suriye ile uzun bir s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 payla\u015fan
\nMusul \u015fehir merkezi T\u00fcrkiye s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 km. uzakl\u0131ktad\u0131r. 9 il\u00e7e ve
\n21 nahiyeden olu\u015fan Musul\u2019un ad\u0131 Saddam H\u00fcseyin d\u00f6neminde Ninova olarak
\nde\u011fi\u015ftiril\u00admi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Musul, 2 milyona yak\u0131n kent n\u00fcfusuyla Ba\u015fur\u00ea K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n en
\nb\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehri Irak\u2019\u0131n ise Ba\u011fdat\u2019tan sonra ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck ve \u00f6nemli \u015fehri
\ndurumundad\u0131r. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, kom\u015fusu Kerk\u00fck ile birlikte olduk\u00e7a zengin petrol
\nrezervlerine sahiptir. Musul ayn\u0131 zamanda tarihi, siyasi, idari ve askeri
\na\u00e7\u0131lardan da stratejik \u00f6nemde bir \u015fehirdir, bu nedenlerden dolay\u0131 s\u00fcrekli i\u015fgal
\nalt\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
TAR\u0130HSEL \u00d6NEM\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n Anadolu ile Asya aras\u0131nda tarihi bir yol \u00fczerinde bulunan Milattan \u00f6nce Mezopotamya topraklar\u0131 i\u00e7inde yer alan Musul, co\u011frafik konumu ve geni\u015f tar\u0131m arazileri ile zengin Ortado\u011fu\u2019da yap\u0131lan demir yollar\u0131 projeleri ise petrol Tarihi boyunca \u00f6nemli bir idari, askeri ve ticari merkez Kentin yer alt\u0131 ve yer \u00fcst\u00fc zenginlikleri, stratejik co\u011frafi K\u00fcrdistan co\u011frafyas\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde tarihte \u00f6nemli bir yeri olan Tarihte her zaman belirleyici bir co\u011frafya konumunda olan \u0130ngiltere ile 5 Haziran 1926\u2019da yap\u0131lan Ankara Musul, T\u00fcrkiye’nin kurulu\u015funda Misak-i Milli s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 1926 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ankara antla\u015fmas\u0131yla Musul Irak topraklar\u0131na MUSUL PETROL\u00dc II. Abdulhamit,33 y\u0131ll\u0131k padi\u015fahl\u0131k s\u00fcresiyle Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Amerika\u2019n\u0131n giri\u015fimleri sonucu Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019in s\u00f6z konusu T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Musul konusunda tek kazan\u0131m\u0131, 25 y\u0131l s\u00fcreyle T\u00fcrkiye Irak petrollerinden 1954 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar pay alm\u0131\u015f, MUSUL\u2019UN CO\u011eRAF\u0130 Musul, i\u015flek ula\u015f\u0131m, ticaret ve suyollar\u0131n\u0131 birle\u015ftiren bir T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den Irak\u2019a girerek, F\u0131rat Nehri ile birle\u015ftikten \u00a0Dicle Nehri, iki farkl\u0131 Musul \u015fehri ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f. Musullular, Eski Musul\u2019un sokaklar\u0131 son derece dar ve evler birbirine Musul n\u00fcfusunun iktisad\u00ee hayat kayna\u011f\u0131 tar\u0131m ve Irak\u2019\u0131n kuzeybat\u0131s\u0131ndaki Ninova \u015fehrinin de merkezi olan Yar\u0131n: <\/strong>Musul\u2019un \u00a0<\/p>\n K\u00fcrdistan www.lekolin.com 0<\/p>\n 21<\/p>\n TR<\/p>\n \t :” ” <\/p>\n \t :”” <\/p>\n \t ” “,” ” <\/p>\n \t :” ” <\/p>\n \t<\/p>\n
\nMusul, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte \u00f6nemli bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve medeniyet merkezi oldu\u011fu gibi yer alt\u0131 ve
\nyer \u00fcst\u00fc zenginli\u011fiyle de bir \u00e7ekim alan\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Tarihi \u00e7ok eski zamanlara
\ndayanan Musul\u2019da ilk yerle\u015fimler M.\u00d6. 850\u2019li y\u0131llara dayanmaktad\u0131r. Asuri Kral\u0131
\nAsurbanipal\u2019in Asurlular Devletinin ba\u015fkenti olarak se\u00e7ti\u011fi Nemrut, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc
\nMusul topraklar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde kalmaktad\u0131r. Musul, Asurlular zaman\u0131nda Anadolu
\ntopraklar\u0131 ve Suriye ile Pers topraklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc ve ge\u00e7i\u015f
\nnoktas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130slamiyet\u2019ten \u00f6nce Asur ve Babil uygarl\u0131klar\u0131, \u0130slamiyet\u2019in
\nyay\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte Emev\u00ee ve Abbas\u00ee Devletleri burada kurulmu\u015ftur. Musul,
\nSel\u00e7uklulara, Zengilere, Erbil Atabeyli\u011fi\u2019ne, Karakoyunlu\u2019ya, Akkoyunlu\u2019ya ve
\nSafevilere de yurt olmu\u015f ve Yavuz Sultan Selim zaman\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 topra\u011f\u0131na
\nkat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman d\u00f6neminde de bir Osmanl\u0131 vilayeti h\u00e2line
\ngelmi\u015ftir.\u00a0 <\/span>Kerk\u00fck, S\u00fcleymaniye Sanca\u011f\u0131
\nve bu sancaklara ba\u011fl\u0131 kazalar ve nahiyeler Musul vilayetine ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\nMusul\u2019da Asur uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 1300 y\u0131l h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ard\u0131ndan gelen Babil
\nh\u00fck\u00fcmranl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise Pers sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 nedeniyle kesintiye u\u011fram\u0131\u015f ve Perslerin
\neline ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Pers y\u00f6netimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir Pers ak\u0131n\u0131na maruz kalan
\nb\u00f6lge, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan sonra bu dine y\u00f6nelmi\u015f ve 2. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan
\nsonra H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir merkezi haline gelmi\u015ftir. 642 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hz. \u00d6mer
\ntaraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nan Musul, bu tarihten itibaren Arap n\u00fcfusunun g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcne maruz
\nkalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6lge k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli Emev\u00ee hakimiyetinden sonra 751 y\u0131l\u0131nda Abbasi
\ny\u00f6netimine ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. 1050\u2019li y\u0131llarda Sel\u00e7uklu h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Tu\u011frul Bey taraf\u0131ndan
\nal\u0131nan Musul, h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra \u00f6nce Alparslan\u2019\u0131n, sonra da o\u011flu
\nMelik\u015fah\u2019\u0131n y\u00f6netimine ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. 1099 y\u0131l\u0131nda ha\u00e7l\u0131lar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7en b\u00f6lge,
\niki y\u0131l sonra yine Sel\u00e7uklular taraf\u0131ndan geri al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1118\u2019de Irak
\nSel\u00e7uklu Devleti, Mahmud\u2019un y\u00f6netiminde kurulmu\u015ftur. Mahmud, 1127 y\u0131l\u0131nda
\nMusul\u2019un y\u00f6netimini Aksungur\u2019un o\u011flu Zengi\u2019ye vermi\u015ftir. Zengi ve ailesi,
\nMusul\u2019u 1231 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar y\u00f6netmi\u015ftir. Bu tarihten itibaren Bedreddin Lu\u2019lu
\ny\u00f6netimine ge\u00e7en b\u00f6lge 1261 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mo\u011fol istilas\u0131yla Mo\u011follar\u0131n egemenli\u011fine
\ngirmi\u015ftir. 1365\u2019te Karakoyunlular taraf\u0131ndan geri al\u0131nan Musul, 1409\u2019da
\nAkkoyunlular\u0131n eline ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Akkoyunlular\u0131n hakimiyeti, Safeviler taraf\u0131ndan
\nsona erdirilmi\u015f, 1517 y\u0131l\u0131nda da b\u00f6lge tamamen Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimine ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.
\nYavuz Sultan Selim taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nan b\u00f6lgenin y\u00f6netimi tam 401 y\u0131l Osmanl\u0131
\nDevleti\u2019nde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\nyer alt\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131 nedeniyle binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r pek \u00e7ok sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n merkezi haline
\ngelmi\u015ftir. Musul Asurlular zaman\u0131nda Anadolu topraklar\u0131 ve Suriye ile Pers
\ntopraklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc ve ge\u00e7i\u015f noktas\u0131yd\u0131. Nitekim bu stratejik \u00f6nemi
\nnedeniyle Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan bu b\u00f6lgeyi i\u015fgal eden ve
\ndaha sonra kendi mandas\u0131 alt\u0131nda Irak Devleti\u2019ni kuran \u0130ngiltere ile Musul\u2019un
\naidiyeti konusunda anla\u015f\u0131lamam\u0131\u015f, mesele Milletler Cemiyetine b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nAncak burada da bir sonu\u00e7 al\u0131namam\u0131\u015f ve 1926\u2019da yap\u0131lan Ankara Anla\u015fmas\u0131 sonucu
\nMusul, \u0130ngiliz mandas\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki Irak\u2019a b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki
\nmandac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesi ve yay\u0131lmas\u0131, Ortado\u011fu petrollerinin \u00f6neminin fark
\nedilmesiyle ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\naray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan ara\u00e7lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda gelmektedir. ABD\u2019nin Osmanl\u0131 i\u00e7in yapt\u0131raca\u011f\u0131(1908)
\nChester Demir Yolu Projesi de bunlardan biridir. Bu proje ile Sivas ile Van
\naras\u0131nda Harput-Ergani-Diyarbak\u0131r-Bitlis\u2019ten ge\u00e7en bir hat ile bir yandan
\nMusul, Kek\u00fck ve S\u00fcleymaniye birle\u015ftirilecek di\u011fer yandan ise Adana-Yumurtal\u0131k
\nya da S\u00fcveydiye ile Akdeniz\u2019i birle\u015ftirecek ve Yumurtal\u0131k ya da S\u00fcveydiye\u2019de
\nkurulacak bir liman\u0131 \u00f6n g\u00f6r\u00fcyordu. Musul\u2019daki petrol\u00fcn ABD denetimine girmesi
\ntehdidi nedeniyle, projenin tamamlanmas\u0131 engellenmi\u015f olsa da demir yolu
\ng\u00fczergah\u0131, bu g\u00fc\u00e7lerin(ba\u015fta \u0130ngiltere olmak \u00fczere ABD, Almanya, Fransa)
\nstratejik hedeflerinin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a dikkat \u00e7ekicidir.<\/p>\n
\nolan Musul, i\u015flek ula\u015f\u0131m, ticaret ve suyollar\u0131n\u0131 birle\u015ftiren bir \u201ckav\u015fak
\nnoktada bulunuyor. \u015eehir, kuzey-g\u00fcney do\u011frultulu ve eski bir nehir ula\u015f\u0131m yolu
\nolan Dicle Nehri\u2019nin de kenar\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u015eehrin ad\u0131 da, co\u011frafi \u00f6zelli\u011finden
\nkaynaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Musul ad\u0131, Arap\u00e7a \u201cvasl \u00a0 k\u00f6k\u00fcnden \u201cula\u015ft\u0131ran, ba\u011flayan
\nanlamlar\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n
\nkonumu her zaman bir sava\u015f halinde olmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur. Zengin tarihi
\ndokusu ve kozmopolitan yap\u0131s\u0131 her ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck zenginlik olarak kabul edilse
\nde, buras\u0131 i\u015fgalciler taraf\u0131ndan her zaman sava\u015f i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilecek bir
\nzemin olarak de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. <\/p>\n
\nMusul, 1926 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrk devleti ile \u0130ngiltere aras\u0131nda imzalanan Ankara
\nanla\u015fmas\u0131yla K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131n gelece\u011fi konusunda bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Ankara
\nanla\u015fmas\u0131yla Musul, Irak devletine b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bunun kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hegemonik
\ng\u00fc\u00e7 konumunda bulunan \u0130ngiltere de Kuzey K\u00fcrdistan\u2019da T\u00fcrk devletinin yapaca\u011f\u0131
\nkatliamlara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmayacak ve do\u011fal bir ortak durumunda olacakt\u0131. Nitekim bu
\nkonuda \u0130ngiliz yazar ve tarih\u00e7i Toynbee, \u201cE\u011fer biz T\u00fcrklere K\u00fcrtleri teslim
\nedersek, onlar bize Musul\u2019da petrol imtiyaz\u0131n\u0131
\nvereceklerdir \u00a0\u00a0diyordu.<\/p>\n
\nMusul g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de \u00f6nemini korumaktad\u0131r. Gelinen noktada, yeniden belirlenen
\nOrtado\u011fu haritas\u0131nda Musul yine i\u015fgal sahas\u0131 olmu\u015f ve yine hem askeri hem de
\nsiyasi ve ekonomik olarak a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\nAntla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019yla Br\u00fcksel Hatt\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye-Irak s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olarak kabul edilmi\u015f, T\u00fcrkmenlerin
\naz\u0131nl\u0131k haklar\u0131ndan hi\u00e7 s\u00f6z edilmemi\u015ftir. Nedeni ise, Musul konusunda T\u00fcrkmen
\naz\u0131nl\u0131k haklar\u0131ndan s\u00f6z eden T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kendi \u00fclkesinde ya\u015fayan K\u00fcrtlerin
\naz\u0131nl\u0131k haklar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ngiltere taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcndeme getirilme endi\u015fesidir.
\nAntla\u015fman\u0131n onaylanmas\u0131ndan sonra T\u00fcrkiye, hem \u0130ngiltere\u2019yle hem de Fransa\u2019yla
\nili\u015fkilerini geli\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Antla\u015fmadan \u00f6nce Almanya d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fta
\n\u0130ngiltere ve di\u011fer bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerin \u00e7o\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7iliklerini \u0130stanbul\u2019da
\ntutmu\u015flard\u0131r ki, bu T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019ni ve ba\u015fkenti Ankara\u2019y\u0131 tan\u0131mama
\nanlam\u0131na geliyordu. Antla\u015fmadan sonra ise bu tutumlar\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7ip
\nb\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7iliklerini Ankara\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\ni\u00e7indeydi. Bu s\u0131n\u0131rlar M. Kemal\u2019in ifadeleriyle, \u201c\u0130skenderun k\u00f6rfezinin
\ng\u00fcneyinden, Antakya’dan, Halep ile Katma istasyonu aras\u0131nda Carablus k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn
\ng\u00fcneyinde F\u0131rat nehrine ula\u015f\u0131r. Oradan Deyrizor’a iner, oradan do\u011fuya
\nuzat\u0131larak Musul, Kerk\u00fck ve S\u00fcleymaniye’yi i\u00e7ine al\u0131r” bi\u00e7iminde Misak-i
\nMilli s\u0131n\u0131rlar belirlenmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
\ndahil edilip bu g\u00fcnk\u00fc olu\u015fturulmak istenen G\u00fcney K\u00fcrdistan devletinin temelleri
\nnas\u0131l at\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de Musul K\u00fcrdistan topraklar\u0131ndan kopart\u0131l\u0131p
\nolu\u015fturulmak istenen bir S\u00fcnni devletinin merkezi haline getirilmek
\nistenmektedir. Yeniden \u00e7izilmek istenen Ortado\u011fu co\u011frafyas\u0131nda Musul m\u00fcdahale
\nmerkezi olarak se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir. Bunun i\u00e7in DA\u0130\u015e\u2019in kurulu\u015fu Irak olarak
\nbelirlenmi\u015ftir. Daha \u00f6nce \u0130slam Devleti olarak kurulan DA\u0130\u015e daha sonra ismini
\nIrak- \u015eam \u0130slam Devleti olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f ve S\u00fcnni blo\u011fun askeri g\u00fcc\u00fc olarak
\n\u015fekillendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\n\u00dcZER\u0130NDEK\u0130 REKABET<\/strong><\/p>\n
\ntahtta en uzun kalan padi\u015fahlar\u0131ndand\u0131r.2. Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019i di\u011fer padi\u015fahlardan
\nfarkl\u0131 k\u0131lan bir di\u011fer yan\u0131 ise 19. yy \u2019da geli\u015fecek olan petrol sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131
\nerken fark etmesidir. Bu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fc ile 1890\u2019da \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201c\u0130rade-i Seniye ile
\npetrol alanlar\u0131n\u0131 (bu harita hala g\u00fcncelli\u011fini korumaktad\u0131r)\u00a0 <\/span>\u201cPadi\u015fah Hazinesi olarak ilan etmi\u015ftir.\u00a0 <\/span>Fakat bu alanlar\u0131 \u201c\u0130rade-i Seniye haline
\ngetirmesi de bu alanlar\u0131n elinden al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyememi\u015ftir. Almanlar
\ntaraf\u0131ndan 1908 y\u0131l\u0131nda tahttan indirilen\u00a0
\n<\/span>II. Abdulhamit\u2019e\u00a0 <\/span>ait m\u00fclkler \u00f6nce
\nGen\u00e7 T\u00fcrkler-\u0130ttihat ve Terakkiciler taraf\u0131ndan Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bor\u00e7lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k
\nolarak g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f ard\u0131ndan da\u00a0 <\/span>Musul ve
\nBa\u011fdat petrol yataklar\u0131n\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu bu arazilerin payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 Alman ve
\n\u0130ngiliz ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda,Turkish Petroleum Co.\u2019nun (\u0130ngiliz) ortakl\u0131k \u015fekli olarak hisselerin
\n% 50 D\u2019arcy, % 25 Anglo\u2010Saxon Co. ve % 25 Deutsche Bank aras\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
\nPadi\u015fah hazinesini II. Me\u015frutiyet\u2019in tarihi olan 1908\u2019den sonra maliye
\nhazinesine devretmesinin yasal olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ittihat\u00e7ilerin bask\u0131lar\u0131yla b\u00f6yle bir
\n\u015feye mecbur kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ispat edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n bu hamlesi,
\n\u0130ngiliz petrol \u015firketlerini tela\u015fland\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve konunun hukuk\u00ee boyutunu
\nara\u015ft\u0131rmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flar ve Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n o d\u00f6nemdeki resm\u00ee gazetesi olan
\n\u201cTakvim-i Veka-yi den Padi\u015fah hazinesinin art\u0131k padi\u015fah\u0131n \u015fahs\u0131na ait olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131
\nve maliyeye devredildi\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu konuda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 iddialar devam
\netmi\u015f ve T\u00fcrk tezini Lozan\u2019da ABD\u2019nin desteklemesinden tela\u015fa kap\u0131lan \u0130ngiliz
\nba\u015fbakan\u0131, Amerikan oyununu bozmak i\u00e7in T\u00fcrklere Lozan\u2019da Turkish Petrol\u00fcn
\npay\u0131ndan (Irak h\u00fck\u00fbmetine ge\u00e7en pay\u0131ndan) % 20\u2019sini teklif etmek istemi\u015fse de
\nCurzon, buna gerek olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ona g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkler \u00e7ok daha az
\npaya raz\u0131 olacaklard\u0131r. T\u00fcrk heyeti, petrolden Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019in varislerine pay
\nverilmesinin Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n devam etti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelece\u011fi i\u00e7in
\n\u0130ngiliz tezine yakla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7ta \u0130ngiltere, Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n bask\u0131lar\u0131na
\ndayanamay\u0131p 31 Temmuz 1928\u2019de yap\u0131lan niha\u00ee anla\u015fma ile Musul petrol\u00fcnden
\nFrans\u0131z ve Amerikal\u0131lara da pay vermek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\nIrak petrol gelirlerinden T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye %10 pay verilmesinin kabul edilmi\u015f
\nolmas\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bu hakk\u0131ndan 500.000 sterlin alarak feragat etti\u011fi
\ns\u00f6ylenmi\u015fse de bunun do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmektedir. <\/p>\n
\nancak bu paydan almas\u0131 gereken 2.000.000 sterlin alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, 1958\u2019de Irak
\ny\u00f6netimini darbeyle devralan General Kas\u0131m\u2019dan sonra alamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, b\u00fct\u00e7e
\ngelir cetvelinde alacak olarak 1986 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar g\u00f6stermi\u015f ve ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Turgut
\n\u00d6zal taraf\u0131ndan Arap \u00fclkeleriyle ili\u015fkilerin geli\u015ftirilmesi politikas\u0131
\ndo\u011frultusunda bu alacak b\u00fct\u00e7eden \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\nKONUMU<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n\u201ckav\u015fak noktada bulunuyor. \u015eehir, kuzey-g\u00fcney do\u011frultulu ve eski bir nehir
\nula\u015f\u0131m yolu olan Dicle Nehri\u2019nin de kenar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Dicle nehri Musul \u015fehrinin en
\n\u00f6nemli sembol\u00fc haline gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\nsonra Irak\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde \u015eatt\u00fcl Arap\u2019ta denize d\u00f6k\u00fclen Dicle Nehri, Musul
\n\u015fehrine hayat veriyor. Musullulara g\u00f6re Dicle demek Musul demektir. Binlerce
\ny\u0131ld\u0131r tarihi ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131n kesi\u015fti\u011fi bir \u015fehir olan Musul\u2019un i\u00e7inden
\nge\u00e7en Dicle Nehri \u015fehrin ya\u015fam kayna\u011f\u0131. Dicle Nehri\u2019nin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 su kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n
\nyan\u0131 s\u0131ra b\u00fcy\u00fck sulama kanallar\u0131 sayesinde geni\u015f tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131na sahip olan
\nNinova \u015fehrinde 19.000 km\u00b2\u2019lik bir tar\u0131msal alan bulundu\u011fundan s\u00f6z
\nedilmektedir. <\/p>\n
\n\u015fehri tarif ederken Musul\u2019un sa\u011f ve sol yakas\u0131 olarak belirtiyorlar. Dicle
\nNehri\u2019nin Irak\u2019\u0131n kuzeyinde g\u00fcneyine ak\u0131\u015f y\u00f6n\u00fc bu tarifi ifade ediyor. Yani
\nDicle Nehri\u2019nin ak\u0131\u015f y\u00f6n\u00fcne g\u00f6re sa\u011f taraf\u0131 \u201cSa\u011f Yaka , sol taraf\u0131 \u201cSol Yaka .
\nMusul\u2019un as\u0131l tehlikeli b\u00f6lgesi eski Musul olarak da bilinen \u201cSol Yaka .
\n2005\u20132007 aras\u0131nda bu b\u00f6lge \u00f6l\u00fcm \u015fehri olarak da isimlendirilmi\u015f. Bu d\u00f6nemde
\ngenel olarak Musul\u2019un her b\u00f6lgesinde olmakla birlikte \u00f6zellikle \u201cSol Yaka da ki
\ncaddelerde 6\u2019dan sonra kimsenin d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya \u00e7\u0131kmaya cesaret edemedi\u011fi s\u00f6yleniyor.
\n\u201cSol Yaka da bulunan Masarif Caddesi, Belediye Caddesi gibi baz\u0131 caddeler de
\n\u201c\u00f6l\u00fcm caddesi olarak isim verilmi\u015f. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde \u201cSa\u011f Yaka da da Ba\u011fdat Yolu
\nve El-Vahde b\u00f6lgelerinde \u201c\u00f6l\u00fcm b\u00f6lgeleri olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n
\n\u00e7ok yak\u0131n. Bu b\u00f6lgeyi iyi bilen gruplar buray\u0131 olduk\u00e7a i\u015flevsel
\nkullan\u0131yorlarm\u0131\u015f. Dicle Nehri\u2019nin tam k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda kurulu olan eski Musul\u2019un,
\n\u015fiddet eylemlerini d\u00fczenleyenler i\u00e7in bir ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc
\ns\u00f6yleniyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu b\u00f6lge Dicle Nehri k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u015flay\u0131p y\u00fckselerek \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.
\nABD askerlerinin bile bu b\u00f6lgeye operasyon yapmaya \u00e7ekindikleri, \u00e7ok say\u0131da ABD
\naskerinin Irak sava\u015f\u0131nda burada hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fi s\u00f6yleniyor. Asl\u0131nda buras\u0131
\nMusul\u2019un ilk kuruldu\u011fu yer. Yani ilk yerle\u015fim yerleri Musul\u2019un \u201cSol Yakas\u0131 nda
\nkurulmu\u015f. Bu b\u00f6lgede eskiden Musul\u2019un en b\u00fcy\u00fck ailelerinin oturdu\u011fu, ancak
\n\u00f6zellikle 2003\u2019ten sonra buralardan gittikleri biliniyor. Burada eski d\u00f6nemde
\nya\u015fayan ailelerin \u201cger\u00e7ek Musullu olduklar\u0131 s\u00f6yleniyor. Zira Musul\u2019da Araplar
\nile Musullular (yerel dilde Muslavi deniyor) birbirinden farkl\u0131. Musullu
\ndenildi\u011fi zaman Musul\u2019un eski ailelerinin mensuplar\u0131 akla geliyor. \u00d6te yandan
\n\u201cMusullu olmak Musul i\u00e7erisinde bile bir ayr\u0131cal\u0131k olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Musullu,
\nzenginlik, k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fcl\u00fck, k\u00f6kl\u00fc ve b\u00fcy\u00fck aile adab\u0131na sahip olmak anlam\u0131nda
\nkullan\u0131yor. Yani yerli Musul ailelerine g\u00f6re Musul\u2019un k\u0131rsal kesiminde
\nya\u015fayanlar \u201cMusullu de\u011fil, \u201cArap . Burada \u201cArap ikinci s\u0131n\u0131f vatanda\u015f gibi
\ns\u00f6yleniyor. \u201cMusullu aileler eski Musul\u2019dan g\u00f6\u00e7 etmelerine ra\u011fmen halen izleri
\nduruyor.<\/p>\n
\nhayvanc\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r. Sahip oldu\u011fu su kaynaklar\u0131 ve geni\u015f ziraat sahas\u0131 Musul\u2019u bir
\nziraat \u015fehri konumuna ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin esas\u0131n\u0131 hububat, \u00f6zellikle
\nde bu\u011fday ve arpa olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerde pamuk, t\u00fct\u00fcn, kenevir,
\nsusam \u00fcretildi\u011fini ve ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Musul\u2019un do\u011fusu ile
\nDicle aras\u0131ndaki da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgede koyun ve ke\u00e7i s\u00fcr\u00fclerine dayanan hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k,
\n\u00e7\u00f6llerde deve yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Musul\u2019da, el tezg\u00e2hlar\u0131yla
\ns\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen dokumac\u0131l\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda end\u00fcstriyel faaliyete rastlanmamaktad\u0131r. Musul
\nb\u00f6lgenin ticaret yollar\u0131na kav\u015fakl\u0131k eden konumu (\u0130pek Yolu), su kaynaklar\u0131 ile
\n(K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Zap, B\u00fcy\u00fck Zap ve Dicle Nehri) ve sahip oldu\u011fu petrol rezervleriyle
\n\u00f6nemlidir. Bug\u00fcn Irak gelirinin %95\u2019ini petrolden sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n
\nbilinen petrol rezervlerinin yakla\u015f\u0131k % 65\u2019i Ortado\u011fu b\u00f6lgesinde bulunmakta ve
\nOrtado\u011fu d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yer alan petrol rezervlerinin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n yak\u0131n bir
\ns\u00fcre\u00e7te t\u00fckenece\u011fi \u00f6n g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu durumun, Ortado\u011fu petrollerinin % 65
\nolan h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rdaki oran\u0131n\u0131 % 85\u2019e \u00e7ekece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.\u00a0 <\/span>Irak, d\u00fcnya petrol rezervlerinin yakla\u015f\u0131k %
\n10\u2019u bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r ve bu rezervlerin %20\u2019si kuzey Irak\u2019ta yani Musul
\n\u015fehrinde yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\nMusul\u2019un bu \u00f6zel konumu, DA\u0130\u015e a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u015fehri kontrol etmeyi daha da cazip hale
\ngetirmi\u015ftir. Musul, ayn\u0131 zamanda eskiden beri Ba\u011fdat ve \u00e7evresinin tah\u0131l
\nihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layan bir zirai \u00fcretim b\u00f6lgesi, ekonomik ve ticari merkez
\nolmu\u015ftur. Zengin petrol\u00fc de hesaba kat\u0131l\u0131rsa, Suriye ve Irak\u2019ta yeni bir devlet
\nkurma iddias\u0131ndaki DA\u0130\u015e i\u00e7in, bu co\u011frafi ve ekonomik yap\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemi daha iyi
\nanla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r ki DA\u0130\u015e, Suriye\u2019de de S\u00fcnni n\u00fcfusun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 petrol
\nb\u00f6lgesi Rakka ile Deyrizor gibi stratejik, co\u011frafi ve ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131lardan g\u00f6z
\nard\u0131 edilemeyecek yerleri kontrol alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Musul, co\u011frafi olarak
\nDA\u0130\u015e\u2019in Suriye\u2019de etkinlik sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kuzeybat\u0131daki b\u00f6lgeye de olduk\u00e7a yak\u0131n bir
\nmevkidedir.\u00a0 Suriye-Irak s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda ge\u00e7i\u015fkenlik \u00e7ok s\u0131k\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in,
\nDA\u0130\u015e\u2019in Musul\u2019u i\u015fgali kolayca ger\u00e7ekle\u015febildi. B\u00f6ylece \u00f6rg\u00fct, kurmay\u0131
\ntasarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Irak-\u015eam \u0130slam Devleti\u2019nin Irak aya\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir halka
\nsay\u0131labilecek Musul\u2019u ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n
\nN\u00fcfus Yap\u0131s\u0131 K\u00fcrt ve Arap A\u015firetler, Sosyo\/K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Yap\u0131s\u0131, Musul Operasyonu\u2019na
\nKar\u015f\u0131 DA\u0130\u015e\u2019in Haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131\u2026<\/p>\n
\nStratejik Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Merkezi<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
\n– www.lekolin.org – www.lekolin.net \u2013 www.lekolin.info – www.navendalekolin.com<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n