\t\t\t\t\t\t\t ![](\"http:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/20-1.jpg\")
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Rusya\u2019n\u0131n kuzey Kafkasya b\u00f6lgesindeki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar giderek t\u0131rman\u0131yor.
\nGe\u00e7mi\u015fte \u00c7e\u00e7enistan sava\u015f\u0131 olarak bilinen \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar belli bir d\u00f6nem
\nazalma g\u00f6sterse de yeniden t\u0131rmanarak ve t\u00fcm Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019 ya
\ngeni\u015fleyerek \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ve kaosa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. \u00a0
2009 y\u0131llar\u0131nda i\u00e7inde
\n\u00f6zerk cumhuriyetlerin ba\u015fkanlar\u0131 ve bakanlar\u0131n\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu bir dizi
\nsuikast, intihar sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131, bombalama ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ya\u015fand\u0131.\u00a0 Bu y\u0131l
\n\u00c7e\u00e7enistan, \u0130ngu\u015fetya ve Da\u011f\u0131stan gibi cumhuriyetlerinde i\u00e7inde
\nbulundu\u011fu alanda resmi verilere g\u00f6re 308 sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 yine
\nresmi veya gayri resmi verilere g\u00f6re bu sald\u0131r\u0131larda y\u00fczlerce insan
\n\u00f6ld\u00fc yada yaraland\u0131. Natalya Estemirova \u00f6rne\u011finde oldu\u011fu gibi \u00e7ok
\nsay\u0131da insan haklar\u0131 savunucusu ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor ve \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bir yerde
\ninsan haklar\u0131 savunucular\u0131 da sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011fruyorsa orada sivillerin
\nhaklar\u0131ndan ve ya\u015fam garantilerinden s\u00f6z etmenin fazla anlam\u0131 yoktur. \u00a0
\u00c7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n
\nbu kadar artmas\u0131n\u0131n sadece dramatik y\u00f6nleri de\u011fil taraflar\u0131n ideolojik
\nve \u00f6rg\u00fctsel karakteri, olas\u0131 politik sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 da giderek daha fazla
\ndikkat \u00e7ekmeye ba\u015fl\u0131yor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00c7e\u00e7en sava\u015f\u0131 belli bir evirilme
\nge\u00e7irerek geni\u015fleme ya\u015f\u0131yor ve bir saha \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Ama bu
\nsava\u015f Afganistan\u2019dan Irak\u2019a uzanan <\/p>\n
\u00c7at\u0131\u015fmalara benzerlik
\ng\u00f6sterse de bu \u0130slami blo\u011fun s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalardan biri
\nde\u011fil. Karakteri ve ama\u00e7lar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ile gayrim\u00fcslimler
\naras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n savunma sava\u015f\u0131 ise asla de\u011fil. Ama kendine
\n\u00f6zg\u00fc \u00f6zellikleriyle birlikte kulland\u0131klar\u0131 askeri strateji a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan
\nIrak\u2019ta ba\u015flayan ve postmodern otonom gruplar\u0131n eylem ve sava\u015f
\ntarzlar\u0131n\u0131n K\u00fcreselle\u015fme e\u011filimleri ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131na da \u00f6rnek te\u015fkil ediyor.
Yine
\nbu sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n taraflar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan buradaki halklar\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck sava\u015f\u0131
\nolarak de\u011ferlendirmekte g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. Bu buradaki halklar\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck
\nistemedikleri y\u00e2da hak etmedikleri anlam\u0131n de\u011fil bilakis d\u00fcnyadaki her
\nhalk gibi buradaki halklar\u0131nda kendi kaderlerini belirleme ve kendi
\ntopraklar\u0131nda \u00f6zg\u00fcr ya\u015fama haklar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Ancak sava\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcten bu
\neylemcilerin gerici karakterleri destek ald\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fclkeler g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde
\nbulunduruldu\u011funda temsil ettiklerini iddia ettikleri halklara \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck
\nde\u011fil, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilerden \u00e7ok daha a\u011f\u0131r ve bask\u0131c\u0131 rejimlere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fme
\ne\u011filimleri ta\u015f\u0131yor. \u00a0<\/p>\n
\u0130ST\u0130KRARSIZ PARAM\u0130LETER HARAKETLER<\/p>\n
Kuzey
\nKafkasya\u2019daki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar asl\u0131nda belli Aral\u0131klarla y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r
\ns\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Rus \u00e7arlar\u0131n\u0131n bu b\u00f6lgeyi ele ge\u00e7irmesinden beri \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar
\n-belli aral\u0131klarla- hep s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Sovyetlerin y\u0131k\u0131lmaya birlikte\u00a0 1991
\nba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ilan\u0131na gitti ancak zengin petrol yataklar\u0131na sahip
\nalanlar\u0131 b\u0131rakmaya niyeti olmayan Ruslar 1994 ten sonra yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 2
\ny\u0131ll\u0131k m\u00fcdahale s\u00fcresinde y\u00fcz binlerce \u00f6l\u00fcmden sonra Hasavyurt
\nantla\u015fmas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak 1997 ve 1999 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kendi
\nsiyasal kurumsalla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamak yerine istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k i\u00e7ine
\ns\u00fcr\u00fcklendi. Ruslar bu tarihten sonra yeniden m\u00fcdahale etmesi \u00fczerine
\n\u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar t\u00fcm Rusya\u2019ya yay\u0131larak b\u00fcy\u00fck ama d\u00fczensiz bir sava\u015fa
\nd\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Kremlin \u00c7e\u00e7enistan sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bir \u00c7e\u00e7en i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeyi
\nba\u015fard\u0131 ve kendisinin destekledi\u011fi Ramazan Kadirov ve a\u015firetiyle – \u00e7ok
\nsay\u0131da insan haklar\u0131 ihlalleriyle de olsa- belli bir d\u00f6nem kontrol
\netmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131. Ancak t\u00fcm di\u011fer sahalarda oldu\u011fu burada da halklar\u0131n
\n\u00f6zg\u00fcr geli\u015fme kanallar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0131kay\u0131p ink\u00e2r etmekle istikrar\u0131n s\u00fcreklili\u011fi
\nsa\u011flanamad\u0131. Eylemci gruplar\u0131n liderlerine y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131larla
\nayaklanmac\u0131lar\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tmaya ba\u015flasa da G\u00fcrcistan sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra
\n\u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar giderek \u0130ngu\u015fetya ve Da\u011f\u0131tsana da s\u0131\u00e7rad\u0131.\u00a0 Sava\u015f bu sefer
\nkendi adland\u0131rmalar\u0131yla (ve yeni kurduklar\u0131) Kafkas emirli\u011fi ile Rusya
\nfederasyonu sava\u015f\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmalar giderek Erkesler, Svanlar,
\n\u00c7e\u00e7enler, \u0130ngu\u015flar, Da\u011f\u0131stanl\u0131lar, Kumuklar, Kara\u00e7ay-Balkarlar gibi
\netnik ve inan\u00e7 olarak birbirlerine benzeyen topluluklar\u0131 i\u00e7ine
\ns\u00fcr\u00fckl\u00fcyor. <\/p>\n
Yani Basayev ile birlikte \u00c7e\u00e7en ulus\u00e7ulu\u011fundan
\n\u00fcmmet\u00e7i bir m\u00fclkiyet\u00e7ili\u011fe kayarak di\u011fer b\u00f6lge halklar\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7ine
\nald\u0131. B\u00f6ylece \u00c7e\u00e7en eylemci otonom gruplar\u0131 giderek di\u011fer yerlerdeki
\nhalklar aras\u0131nda yeni kriminal h\u00fccreler \u00fcretmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca ard\u0131
\nard\u0131na \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen \u00c7e\u00e7en ayaklanma liderlerinin yerine hemen yenilerinin
\nge\u00e7mesi direni\u015fin s\u00fcrmesini sa\u011flad\u0131. Ve \u015fimdi de “Muvahhidin ar-Rusi”
\ncemaatini \u00e7ekirdek yapan Duka Amarov \u201cKafkas Emiri yap\u0131lanmas\u0131yla El
\nkaide gibi yayg\u0131n bir direni\u015fin kaidesini olu\u015fturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Daha
\n\u015fimdiden Da\u011f\u0131stan \u015eeriat cemiyeti ve \u0130ngu\u015fetya\u2019daki Ahmet Yevloyev\u2019e
\n(Magas) ba\u011fl\u0131 eylemci yap\u0131y\u0131 da yan\u0131na alarak \u00e2demi merkeziyet\u00e7i bir
\nsaha \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Ayr\u0131ca b\u00f6lgedeki devletle s\u0131k s\u0131k sorunlar
\nya\u015fayan -da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f a\u015firetlerden kalan-\u00a0 geni\u015f ailelilerin milislere
\nd\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen gen\u00e7 sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131yla kitle zemini olu\u015fturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. <\/p>\n
\u00d6rg\u00fctlerin
\nideolojik eylemci karakterleri Afganistan ve Irak\u2019taki gruplarla tam
\nbir benzerlikte olmasa da onlardan etkileniyor. Ancak \u00f6rg\u00fctsel ve
\ny\u00f6netim mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bire bir benze\u015fmemelerinin sebebi Sovyet
\nsosyalizminin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu sosyolojik yap\u0131d\u0131r. Yani hi\u00e7bir kad\u0131n\u0131n
\nburka, \u00e7ar\u015faf giymedi\u011fi hatta pek kimsenin turban takmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir sosyal
\nyap\u0131da \u015feriat ve \u0130slam devrimine soyunmak fazla iddial\u0131 de\u011filse
\nsa\u00e7mad\u0131r. Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ise \u0130slamiyet a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da tutars\u0131z politik
\nanlamda da tutars\u0131z hareketler oluyor. \u0130slamiyet, Kuzey Kafkasya
\ntopluluklar\u0131n\u0131n Rusya\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 birle\u015fip ayaklanmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f
\nolmayan kolay bir malzeme sunuyor. Ama eylem ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme tarzlar\u0131
\na\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Afganistan ve Iraktakilere benzer radikal postmodern otonom
\nsava\u015f h\u00fccrelerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fme riskleri herkes i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u00e2bus. \u00a0<\/p>\n
\u0130MPARATORLUK VE M\u0130LL\u0130YET\u00c7\u0130L\u0130K YAN YANA Y\u00dcR\u00dcM\u00dcYOR \u00a0<\/p>\n
Kuzey
\nKafkasya sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n G\u00fcrcistan sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra yeniden y\u00fckseli\u015fe ge\u00e7mesi
\nger\u00e7e\u011fi uluslar aras\u0131 boyutunu tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in iyi bir giri\u015f
\nolabilir. \u00c7e\u00e7en ve Kuzey Kafkasya sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f deste\u011fi olduk\u00e7a
\nb\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bu yar\u0131 \u0130slami hareketlerin El kaide gibi kontrol d\u0131\u015f\u0131na
\n\u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f hareketlere entegre olmadan varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcp sava\u015fmalar\u0131na
\n\u00f6zel \u00f6nem verilerek destekleniyor. Son y\u0131llardaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda ba\u015fta
\nG\u00fcrcistan olmak \u00fczere T\u00fcrkiye, Azerbaycan ve \u0130ngiltere gibi baz\u0131 bat\u0131l\u0131
\ndevletler taraf\u0131ndan destekleniyor. \u00c7e\u00e7en Sava\u015f\u0131 Osmanl\u0131dan beri
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bir ilgi sahas\u0131 oldu\u011fu biliniyor ve bu g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar devam
\nediyor. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Kuzey Kafkasya sava\u015f\u0131na direk y\u00e2da diaspora
\n\u00fczerinden \u00f6nemli bir destek sundu\u011fu biliniyor. <\/p>\n
\u015e\u00fcphesiz ki
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin K\u00fcrt b\u00f6lgelerinde y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anti demokratik ve bask\u0131c\u0131
\npolitikalar yan\u0131nda Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Kafkasya politikas\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f ve
\ndemokratik say\u0131labilir.\u00a0 Bu y\u00fczdende ne zamanki T\u00fcrkiye, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n bu
\nb\u00f6lgelerdeki politikalar\u0131 konusunda bir ele\u015ftiri yapmaya kalk\u0131\u015fsa Rusya
\nK\u00fcrdistan\u2019daki durumu hat\u0131rlatarak susturmay\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131yor. Ama
\nhaks\u0131zl\u0131klar bu egemen uluslar\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla
\n\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclemez.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n
Ne eylemci hareketlerin karakterleri nede Rusya\u2019ya
\nkar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k besleyen \u00fclkelerin verdikleri destek Rusya\u2019n\u0131n kuzey
\nKafkasya\u2019da y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yanl\u0131\u015f politikalar\u0131 ve kirli sava\u015f\u0131 hakl\u0131 k\u0131lmaya
\nyetmiyor. Aslen halen d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en geni\u015f co\u011frafyas\u0131 ve en karma\u015f\u0131k etnik
\nve dini yap\u0131 \u00fczerine kurlu bir imparatorlu\u011fun nas\u0131l olurda bu kadar
\nmilliyet\u00e7i politikalar y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye cesaret etti\u011fi hayret vericidir. Bu
\nb\u00fcy\u00fck imparatorluk e\u011filimlerindeki Rusya federasyonu bu halklara \u00f6zg\u00fcr
\nve demokratik geli\u015fme \u015fans\u0131 tan\u0131mamas\u0131 halinde t\u0131pk\u0131 varisi oldu\u011fu
\nb\u00fcy\u00fck Sovyet imparatorlu\u011fu gibi da\u011f\u0131lmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrece\u011fi de a\u015fik\u00e2rd\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Rahmi Ya\u011fmur<\/strong><\/p>\n K\u00fcrdistan Stratejik Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Merkezi<\/p>\n www.lekolin.org<\/p>\n \t<\/p>\n