![](\"http:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/5813-1.jpg\")
<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Tarihten g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar cinsler aras\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli bir sava\u015f ve Asl\u0131nda M\u00fcsakaddinler bu g\u00fcnk\u00fc kad\u0131n\u0131n pazarland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zel Antik Yunan, \u00c7in, Hint, Babil, Asur, M\u0131s\u0131r ve sahra alt\u0131 ve \u0130slam\u2019da \u201c\u00c7ok e\u015flilik Ad\u0131 Alt\u0131nda Cinsel Doyumsuzluk<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130slam, Ortado\u011fu ve Arap toplumundaki \u00e7oke\u015flilik \u00c7ok kad\u0131nl\u0131 Evliliklerin Sebebi \u0130ktidar Olma Anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Medeni hukuk ve ceza d\u00fczenlemelerine ra\u011fmen ekonomik, siyasi Kad\u0131n Ekonomik \u00c7\u0131kar Gen\u00e7 bir kad\u0131n\u0131n kendini isteyen kim olursa olsun, ikinci Ba\u015fl\u0131k uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131n ve erkekler aras\u0131 sosyo-ekonomik Kumal\u0131k Kapitalist Sistemin Bir Sonucudur<\/span><\/strong> Kad\u0131n \u0130kinci E\u015f Olma \u00d6zellikle sava\u015f nedeniyle evlerinden uzaklara s\u00fcr\u00fcklenen, Kumal\u0131k Kader \u00d6ncelikle Silopi\u2019de kuma gelen 130 kad\u0131n adresleri ile Kad\u0131nlar Kumal\u0131\u011fa Di\u011fer\u00a0\u00a0 taraftan\u00a0\u00fcst\u00fcne 1)<\/span><\/strong> 2)<\/span><\/strong> 3)<\/span><\/strong> \u00a04)<\/span><\/strong> K\u00f6lelik durumu ve\u00a0\u00f6\u011frenilmi\u015f Nasip-k\u0131smet mant\u0131\u011f\u0131yla k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015f\u00adlarda evlenen kad\u0131nlar, Kapitalist Sistem Genel itibar\u0131yla kad\u0131n d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerinde sistemin eliyle Sara Gulan<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n K\u00fcrdistan Stratejik Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Merkezi<\/strong><\/p>\n www.lekolin.com – www.lekolin.org – www.lekolin.net \u2013 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n \u0130slam\u2019da \u201c\u00c7ok e\u015flilik Ad\u0131 Alt\u0131nda Cinsel Doyumsuzluk\u00c7ok kad\u0131nl\u0131 Evliliklerin Sebebi \u0130ktidar Olma Anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131rKad\u0131n Ekonomik \u00c7\u0131kar Tarihten g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar cinsler aras\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli bir sava\u015f ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma durumu ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9575,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","video":"","gallery":"","source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"template":"1","single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"0","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"top","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_share_counter":"1","show_view_counter":"1","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"1","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","show_post_reading_time":"0","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","show_zoom_button":"0","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"1","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"0","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post":"0","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored 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\n\u00e7at\u0131\u015fma durumu ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eril zihniyetin iktidar olma m\u00fccadelesi tarihin her
\nd\u00f6neminde tarih sahnesine \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Neolitik d\u00f6neminde ya\u015fam\u0131n kad\u0131n etraf\u0131nda
\n\u015fekilleniyordu ve ya\u015fam\u0131n yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 kad\u0131nd\u0131. O zaman kad\u0131n tanr\u0131\u00e7ayd\u0131. Do\u011fayla
\ni\u00e7 i\u00e7e bir ya\u015fam vard\u0131.\u00a0 Do\u011fa kad\u0131n\u0131
\nkad\u0131nda do\u011fay\u0131 tamaml\u0131yordu. Do\u011fan\u0131n verimlili\u011fiyle kad\u0131n\u0131n verimlili\u011fi
\nkar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak devam ediyordu. Kad\u0131n kendi \u00fcreticili\u011fini devam etmek i\u00e7in
\n\u00e7iftle\u015fece\u011fi erke\u011fi kendi se\u00e7iyordu.\u00a0 Ve
\ndo\u011furdu\u011fu \u00e7ocuk toplumun \u00e7ocu\u011fuydu. Toplum do\u011fan \u00e7ocu\u011fa bak\u0131yor ve
\nb\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fcyordu.\u00a0 Ancak daha sonraki
\nd\u00f6nemlere bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zaman Erkek kendi spermleri olmadan Kad\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ocuk
\ndo\u011furamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131na vard\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Erkek kad\u0131n rahmi \u00fczerinde iktidar kurmaya
\nba\u015flamas\u0131yla birlikte Kad\u0131n-Erkek aras\u0131nda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.
\nS\u00fcmer d\u00f6nemine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zaman ise kad\u0131n M\u00fcsakaddin odalar\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanarak Erke\u011fe
\nsunulmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. <\/span><\/p>\n
\nevlerdir. Kad\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesiyle birlikte kad\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fc\u00e7leri elinde yava\u015f
\nyava\u015f al\u0131nmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.\u00a0 Kapitalist
\nsistemle birlikte kad\u0131n bir meta olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. Ve kad\u0131n\u0131 kad\u0131na
\nk\u0131rd\u0131rma politikas\u0131 sistem taraf\u0131ndan hayata ge\u00e7irilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. Bu sistem
\nilk ba\u015fta din yoluyla yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. \u0130slamiyet dinine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda her
\nerke\u011fe d\u00f6rt kad\u0131n helaldir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi kad\u0131n \u00fczerinde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen ve kad\u0131n\u0131 kad\u0131na
\nk\u0131rd\u0131rma politikas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne sermektedir. Bunlar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda
\nKumal\u0131k sisteminin nas\u0131l geli\u015fti\u011fini ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze nas\u0131l geldi\u011fini g\u00f6rebiliriz. \u00d6ncelikle
\nkumal\u0131k yani \u00e7ok kad\u0131nl\u0131 evliliklerin, d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde \u00f6teden beri var olan
\n\u00e7oke\u015flilik y\u00f6ntemlerinden yaln\u0131zca biri oldu\u011fuyla ba\u015flayal\u0131m. \u00c7ok kad\u0131nl\u0131
\nevlilikler genelde kumal\u0131k olarak an\u0131lsa da, co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgeye g\u00f6re ortakl\u0131k,
\ni\u00e7li-d\u0131\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k adlar\u0131n\u0131 da alan, adland\u0131rma \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011finin bilakis bu prati\u011fin
\npek \u00e7ok yerde uygulan\u0131\u015f\u0131na delil oldu\u011fu bir durum. Dahas\u0131, \u00e7oke\u015flilik sadece
\n\u00e7ok kad\u0131nl\u0131 evliliklerle de\u011fil, \u00e7okerkekli evlilikler olarak ta ge\u00e7mi\u015fte de g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde
\nfarkl\u0131 toplumlarda uygulanm\u0131\u015f. Ancak yayg\u0131n \u00e7oke\u015flilik t\u00fcr\u00fc her zaman \u00c7okkad\u0131nl\u0131l\u0131k
\nolmu\u015f. \u00c7okkad\u0131nl\u0131l\u0131k ise ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, sadece M\u00fcsl\u00fcman halklar ya da
\n\u0130slam hukukuyla y\u00f6netilen toplumlarda de\u011fil, pek \u00e7ok dinde, k\u00fclt\u00fcrde ve etnik
\ngrup aras\u0131nda uygulanm\u0131\u015f veya uygulanmakta. <\/span><\/p>\n
\nkuzey Afrika\u2019daki toplumlarda g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u00c7okkad\u0131nl\u0131l\u0131k, sadece T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye,
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ise g\u00fcney do\u011fuya, Arap ve K\u00fcrtlere, salt M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-Arap co\u011frafyas\u0131na
\nait bir evlilik t\u00fcr\u00fc de\u011fil. Hristiyanl\u0131kta Mormonlar, antik d\u00f6nem Musevileriyle
\ng\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz k\u00f6ktendinci Musevi gruplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7okkad\u0131nl\u0131 evlilikler vard\u0131r. \u0130slam
\n\u00f6ncesi Arap toplumunda hem \u00e7okerkekli, hem de \u00e7ok kad\u0131nl\u0131 evlilikler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f,
\nancak \u0130slam \u00e7oke\u015flili\u011fi d\u00f6rt kad\u0131nla s\u0131n\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nadir de olsa, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze
\nula\u015fan \u00e7okerkekli evlilikler de var. Tibet, Nepal ve Hindistan\u2019\u0131n baz\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde,
\n\u0130nuit (Eskimo) ve Venezuela-Bari toplumunda \u00e7okerkekli evlilikler halen mevcut.
\nAncak ulus-devlet odakl\u0131 modernle\u015fme, modern medeni kanunlarla e\u015f say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 teke
\nindirmi\u015ftir.\u00a0\u00c7oke\u015flili\u011fin \u00fclkemizdeki varl\u0131k sebeplerinden \u00f6nce, bu
\nevliliklerin do\u011fas\u0131ndan bahsetmekte fayda var. Yayg\u0131nl\u0131kla kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z
\n\u00e7oke\u015flilik ifadesinden kas\u0131t, \u00e7okkad\u0131nl\u0131 evliliklerdir ve bu bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan
\n\u00e7okerkeklilik hi\u00e7 bir toplumda uygulanmam\u0131\u015f bir sapk\u0131nl\u0131k olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00c7okerkekli
\nveya \u00e7okkad\u0131nl\u0131 olsun \u00e7oke\u015flilik her h\u00e2l\u00fck\u00e2rda ataerkil bir pratiktir,
\nerkeklerin maddi-fiziksel iktidarlar\u0131yla ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131, do\u011frudan erkek cinselli\u011fi
\nile ilgili anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u015fekillendirdi\u011fi evlilik t\u00fcrleridir. \u00c7oke\u015fli bir kad\u0131n,
\nd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclenin aksine mutlak \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck sahibi, kad\u0131n-erkek rollerini tersine
\n\u00e7evirmi\u015f veya bu rolleri belirleyen bir birey de\u011fildir. \u00c7okerkekli evlilikler
\nkuran kad\u0131nlar, erkeklerin koydu\u011fu yasalara, onlar\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 siyasi iktidar
\nve ekonomik d\u00fczene tabidir. Kad\u0131n n\u00fcfusundaki azl\u0131k, yoksulluk, tar\u0131m arazileri
\nve maddi kaynaklar\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle, birbiriyle sava\u015f ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma
\nhalindeki gruplar\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde tutmak ve erkek e\u015flerden birinin yoklu\u011funda
\nkad\u0131n ve aileyi \u201cba\u015ftan kabul edilmi\u015f ikinci e\u015fin korumak i\u00e7in, \u00e7o\u011funlukla
\nerkek karde\u015f olan ikinci e\u015fe devrine ve geli\u015fi g\u00fczel cinsel ili\u015fkilerle
\nkad\u0131nlar \u00fczerindeki cinsel tehdidi engellemeye dayan\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n
\nuygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00c7okkad\u0131nl\u0131l\u0131k ve d\u00f6rt kad\u0131n e\u015f olarak s\u0131n\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f, \u00c7okerkeklili\u011fi
\nyasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130slam\u2019daki \u00c7okkad\u0131nl\u0131l\u0131k kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Kuran\u2019\u0131 Kerim\u2019den al\u0131r, ancak
\n\u00e7okkad\u0131nl\u0131 bir erke\u011fin her h\u00e2l\u00fck\u00e2rda e\u015fleri aras\u0131nda adaleti yerine
\ngetiremeyece\u011fi ihtimali \u00fczerinde de duruldu\u011fundan, genel yakla\u015f\u0131m
\n\u00e7okkad\u0131nl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir emir de\u011fil, \u015fartlar\u0131n \u015fekillendirdi\u011fi, izin verilen bir
\nuygulama oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcndedir. \u0130slam devletinin ilk d\u00f6nemlerindeki sava\u015flar\u0131n
\nerkek himayesinden yoksun, \u00e7ok miktarda yeti\u015fkin ve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 kad\u0131nla, kad\u0131n k\u00f6le
\ngruplar\u0131 yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Burada \u0130slam ve k\u00f6lelikle ilgili bir
\nparantez a\u00e7mak gerekir \u0130slam k\u00f6leli\u011fe izin verdi\u011finden ve bir erke\u011fin k\u00f6le
\nolarak h\u00e2kimiyeti alt\u0131ndaki kad\u0131nlar\u0131n cinsellikleri \u00fczerinde de hak talep
\nedebilece\u011fi, bu birlikteliklerden do\u011fan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olarak tan\u0131y\u0131p
\ntan\u0131mama hakk\u0131n\u0131 erke\u011fe vermi\u015ftir. \u0130slam dinindeki hukuki yakla\u015f\u0131mlar ve
\nM\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlar\u0131n \u00f6znel uygulamalar\u0131 e\u015f say\u0131s\u0131 konusunda farkl\u0131la\u015fsa da,
\n\u0130slam \u00e7okkad\u0131nl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, iki e\u015flilik (bigami) bi\u00e7iminde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman
\ntoplumlar\u0131n \u00e7oke\u015fli erkekleri bunu a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak iki kad\u0131nla evlenerek
\nyapm\u0131\u015f, \u00e7ok az\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 veya daha fazla kad\u0131nla evlenmi\u015ftir. \u0130ki e\u015flilik Osmanl\u0131
\ntoplumundaki \u00e7okkad\u0131nl\u0131 evliliklerle, yasaklara ra\u011fmen ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen \u00e7okkad\u0131nl\u0131
\nevliliklerin yayg\u0131n \u015feklidir.<\/span><\/p>\n
\nve dinsel nedenler ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve erkek \u00e7ocuk sahibi olmak
\nkonusundaki g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc arzular, tar\u0131msal \u00fcretiminin emek yo\u011fun \u015fekilde seyretti\u011fi
\nd\u00fczlemlerde sosyal g\u00fcvence yoklu\u011funu ailedeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rarak \u00e7\u00f6zme
\ninanc\u0131, toplumsal n\u00fcfus ve iktidar\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrme kayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n, buna ek olarak
\nsiyasi ve cinsel iktidar arzular\u0131 \u00e7okkad\u0131nl\u0131 evliliklerin genel sebepleridir.
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki \u00e7okkad\u0131nl\u0131 evlilik oranlar\u0131 y\u00fczde 3-4 oran\u0131nda seyretmekte, \u00c7ok
\nkad\u0131nl\u0131 evliliklerin as\u0131l nedeni \u00e7ocuksuzluk de\u011fil, ataerkil bir arzu olan
\nerkek \u00e7ocuk aray\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. En yayg\u0131n neden ise aile karar\u0131yla yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fcc\u00fc usul\u00fc
\nevliliklerdir. E\u015f se\u00e7iminde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin pek \u00e7ok b\u00f6lgesinde yayg\u0131n olan yak\u0131nlar
\nve akrabalarla g\u00f6r\u00fcc\u00fc usul\u00fcyle ayarlanm\u0131\u015f evlilikler, bo\u015fanman\u0131n
\ntoplumsal-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel olarak \u201cimk\u00e2ns\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 namus ve utanca dayal\u0131
\ntoplumsal d\u00fczende, erkekleri \u201cg\u00f6nl\u00fcne g\u00f6re ikinci e\u015f aray\u0131\u015f\u0131na
\ncesaretlendirmektedir. \u00dcst sosyo ekonomik gelir veya stat\u00fc grubundan erkekler
\nise, \u00f6rne\u011fin a\u011falar, \u015e\u0131hlar, \u015feyhler, Seydalar ve dedeler, \u00e7ok kad\u0131nla
\nevlenerek g\u00fc\u00e7 ve iktidarlar\u0131n\u0131 peki\u015ftirmi\u015f, ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 toplumsal \u00e7evredeki
\nsiyasi ve ekonomik gerilimleri \u201cyeni akrabal\u0131klar yaratarak \u201c\u00e7\u00f6zerler .\u00a0 \u201cNamus
\nve \u201cutanca dayal\u0131 d\u00fczenin belirledi\u011fi, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00fclke ve b\u00f6lgeye \u00f6zg\u00fc
\n\u00e7e\u015fitli evlilik t\u00fcrleri de \u00e7okkad\u0131nl\u0131 evliliklerin sebeplerdendir. <\/span><\/p>\n
\n\u0130\u00e7in Kuma Veriliyor<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
\nveya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc e\u015f olarak, dedikodulara sebep vermemek i\u00e7in evlendi\u011fi durumlar s\u00f6z
\nkonusudur, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc gelen k\u0131smeti \u00e7evirmenin evlenememeye yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131l\u0131r. Ka\u00e7arak
\nveya ka\u00e7\u0131rarak evlenmelerden bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc de \u00e7okkad\u0131nl\u0131 evliliklere yol a\u00e7ar.
\nLevirat yani \u00f6len e\u015fin erkek karde\u015fi ile evlenme, bak\u0131m ve sosyo-ekonomik
\ndestek ihtiyac\u0131ndaki kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 aile i\u00e7inde tutmak ve yabanc\u0131larla
\nevlenmeyi engelledi\u011finden kumal\u0131\u011fa, berdel olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan gen\u00e7 kad\u0131n
\nde\u011fi\u015f-toku\u015fuysa, evlenme \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda ancak ekonomik kaynaklardan yoksun erkeklerin
\nk\u0131z karde\u015flerini kuma olarak evlendirerek evlenmelerini sa\u011flar.\u00a0Kan
\ndavalar\u0131n\u0131n kumal\u0131k yoluyla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi de yayg\u0131nd\u0131r bek\u00e2r gen\u00e7 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n,
\nkar\u015f\u0131 aileye gerekirse kuma olarak verilmesiyle \u201ckan bedeli kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r.
\nN\u00fcfusun azalma e\u011filiminde seyretti\u011fi \u00e7e\u015fitli etnik-dinsel \u00e7evrelerde yok olma
\nve di\u011fer gruplarla kar\u0131\u015fma kayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 gidermek i\u00e7in kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ikinci veya
\n\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc e\u015f olarak n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in evlendirilmesi de \u00e7okkad\u0131nl\u0131 evliliklere
\nneden olur. \u00c7ocukluk \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndaki gen\u00e7 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n evlendirilmelerinin de, \u00c7okkad\u0131nl\u0131l\u0131k
\nprati\u011fini peki\u015ftirdi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenebilir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc resmi olarak evlenme ya\u015f\u0131na eri\u015fmemi\u015f
\nk\u0131zlar\u0131 kuma olarak kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 evlendirmek evlilik ya\u015f\u0131na dair yasal engeli
\na\u015fmak demektir. Gen\u00e7 kad\u0131n\u0131n re\u015fit ve yetkin olmadan bir haneyi idaresi birinci
\ne\u015fin himayesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir, erken ya\u015fta ba\u015flayan do\u011furganl\u0131\u011f\u0131ysa hane
\nn\u00fcfusunun art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 garantiler. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
\nayr\u0131mlar\u0131n keskin oldu\u011fu \u00e7evrelerde de, aileler k\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n ikinci e\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131
\n\u00f6nemsemeden, varl\u0131kl\u0131 ailelere kuma olarak evlendirirler. Engelli gen\u00e7
\nkad\u0131nlar\u0131n da ba\u015fl\u0131k ve \u00e7eyizlerinin azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle kuma verildi\u011fini
\nbiliyoruz.\u00a0 Suriye m\u00fclteci g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7okkad\u0131nl\u0131 evlilikler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan
\nyaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni mevzulardan bahsetmeden \u00f6nce, son y\u0131llarda Fas ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere
\nKuzey Afrika \u00fclkeleri ve eski Sovyet cumhuriyetlerinden kad\u0131nlarla yap\u0131lan
\n\u00e7okkad\u0131nl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r \u00f6tesi evliliklerin, kad\u0131nlar g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olsalar dahi ciddi
\nbireysel-toplumsal travmalarla, emek s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc ve bir t\u00fcr cinsel k\u00f6lelik
\nyaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek gerekir.\u00a0 Dini inan\u00e7lar\u0131n ve toplumsal cinsiyet
\ne\u015fitsizliklerinin k\u00f6r\u00fckledi\u011fi erkek egemen anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n, erkeklerin bak\u0131m ve
\ncinsel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n, \u00f6l\u00fcm-ekonomik buhran-g\u00f6\u00e7-sava\u015f \u015fartlar\u0131nda namusa halel
\ngetirmeme ve erkek soy silsilesi yaratma saplant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok e\u015fli evliliklerin
\nnedeni oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n
\nGelelim Suriyeli \u201ce\u015fler meselesine. Her \u015feyden evvel Suriyeli gelin\/ ikinci e\u015f
\nyeni bir mevzu de\u011fil. Suriyeli kad\u0131nlarla \u00e7oklu evlilikler, bu \u00fclkeye kom\u015fu
\nb\u00f6lgelerde s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n \u00e7ekildi\u011fi tarihten itibaren yayg\u0131n olarak uygulanmakta.
\nA\u015firet\/ kabile gibi sosyal birlikleri da\u011f\u0131tan \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rlara ra\u011fmen iki taraftan
\naileler ve bireyler, siyasi ve ekonomik dinamiklerin \u015fekillendirdi\u011fi talebe
\ng\u00f6re evlenmeye devam etmi\u015flerdir. Bu evliliklerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Suriye devletinin
\n\u00e7okkad\u0131nl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 resmen uygulamas\u0131 ve bu konuda iki taraftaki yayg\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel
\nkabul nedeniyle s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00d6zellikle 1980\u2019den sonra T\u00fcrkiye taraf\u0131nda g\u00f6reli
\nolarak y\u00fckselen ekonomik refah, akrabal\u0131k ili\u015fkileri ve Suriyeli kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in
\nistenen ba\u015fl\u0131k ve evlilik masraflar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye k\u0131yasla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131, onlar\u0131
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de evlenmeye ve ikinci, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc kad\u0131n olmaya s\u00fcr\u00fcklemi\u015ftir. Sava\u015ftan \u00e7ok
\n\u00f6nce dahi \u00f6zellikle Mardin-Nusaybin, K\u0131z\u0131ltepe ve Urfa\u2019n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131ra kom\u015fu il\u00e7e ve
\nk\u00f6ylerinde erkeklerin ikinci veya \u00e7oklu e\u015f tercihleri i\u00e7in Suriyeli kad\u0131nlar\u0131
\ncazip hale getirmi\u015ftir. 2011 Nisan ay\u0131ndan beri yakla\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6rt milyon
\nSuriyelinin \u00fclkemize sava\u015f nedeniyle zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc, asl\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak bir
\nkad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuk g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ailedeki erkekleri kaybeden veya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fclkelere
\nm\u00fclteci olarak g\u00f6nderen kad\u0131nlar, Suriyeli n\u00fcfusun a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131
\nolu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Bu durum Suriyeli yeti\u015fkin ve gen\u00e7 kad\u0131nlar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de zaten
\nart\u0131\u015f e\u011filiminde olan \u00e7okkad\u0131nl\u0131 evliliklerin hedefi haline getirmi\u015ftir. Bu
\nnoktada Suriyeli m\u00fcltecilerin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve dinsel geleneklerinin de etkisi
\nb\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr \u00e7okkad\u0131nl\u0131 evliliklerin yasal, her e\u015fin ayn\u0131 yasal stat\u00fc ve haklara
\nsahip oldu\u011fu Suriye de bir namus ve utan\u00e7 toplumudur. Evlilik Suriye\u2019de de hem
\nbir sosyal stat\u00fc kazanma, hem de ekonomik-sosyal g\u00fcvence sistemidir. <\/span><\/p>\n
\nVaadiyle Fuhu\u015fa S\u00fcr\u00fcklenmektedir<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
\nailedeki eril kontrol\u00fcn d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karak, fuhu\u015f, zorla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma ve emek
\ns\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli ba\u015fka eril tehlikelerin hedefi haline gelen, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131
\nolarak kuzeydeki orta ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kentler ile k\u0131rsal b\u00f6lgelerden gelen Suriyeli kad\u0131nlar,
\nT\u00fcrkiyeli erkeklerle evlenerek m\u00fcltecilik ve zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7ten kaynaklanan
\nsorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zeceklerine inand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. K\u0131saca, Suriyeli ikinci e\u015f ve
\nkumalar mevzuu, Suriyeli kad\u0131nlardan T\u00fcrkiyeli kad\u0131nlara y\u00f6nelmi\u015f bir tehdit
\nde\u011fil, sava\u015f \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00e2li haz\u0131rdaki toplumsal cinsiyet e\u015fitsizlikleri ile
\ni\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7erek keskinle\u015ftirdi\u011fi bir durumdur.
\nS\u0131n\u0131r ge\u00e7i\u015flerin kolayla\u015fmas\u0131 ekonomik alanda geni\u015f\u00adletme yaratm\u0131\u015f, \u00fclkelerle
\nyap\u0131lan antla\u015fmalar \u00e7er\u00e7eve\u00adsinde ithalat ve ihracat rakamlar\u0131 artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ekonomik
\nalandaki geli\u015fme ile birlikte, sosyal alanda da baz\u0131 de\u00ad\u011fi\u015fimler olmu\u015ftur. Bu
\nyans\u0131man\u0131n ilk g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr sonucu, yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan getirilen gelinlerdir. Son d\u00f6nemde
\ng\u00fcndeme gelen uluslararas\u0131 kuma sorununun Silopi\u2019deki yans\u0131malar\u0131n\u0131 ve
\nkad\u0131nlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 tespit etmek amac\u0131yla ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapma gere\u011fi
\nduyduk.\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n
\nNasip-K\u0131smet Mant\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Kabul Ediliyor<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
\nbirlikte tespit edildi. Kotal\u0131 \u00f6rnekle\u00adme y\u00f6ntemiyle, 80 anket Silopili kad\u0131nlara
\nuyguland\u0131. Kotalar \u00fcst\u00fcne kuma gelen T\u00fcrkiyeli ilk e\u015f, T\u00fcrkiye d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan gelen
\ntek e\u015f, T\u00fcrkiye d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan kuma gelen e\u015f ve T\u00fcrkiyeli kuma gelen e\u015f \u015feklinde
\nbelirlendi. \u00a0Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n %84\u2019\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcc\u00fc
\nusul\u00fcyle evlenmi\u015f ve %79\u2019u evlili\u011fi kendi r\u0131za\u00ads\u0131yla kabul etmi\u015ftir. %42\u2032 si de
\ne\u015fiyle ak\u00adrabad\u0131r. %85\u2019i kuma gelece\u011fini bildi\u011fi halde %40\u2019\u0131 nasip-k\u0131smet deyip
\nkabul etmi\u015ftir. Ailem beni zorlad\u0131 diyenlerin oran\u0131 %15 iken, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de
\nya\u015famak is\u00adteyenlerin oran\u0131 sadece\u00a0%5\u00a0dir. Bu sonu\u00e7lardan genel
\nolarak yurt\u00add\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan gelen kad\u0131nlar\u0131n, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de evlenmek i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir
\ntercihleri olma\u00add\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, evlilikle ilgili genel bir irade de g\u00f6stermediklerini
\n\u00e7\u0131karabiliriz. Zaten bu kad\u0131nlar\u0131n %63\u2032 \u00fc hayat hakk\u0131nda genel bir de\u00adneyim
\nelde edemedikleri 20 ya\u015f alt\u0131nda evlenmi\u015ftir. \u00c7o\u011funlu\u011fu, evlendi\u011finde re\u015fit
\nbile de\u011fildir. Ailelerinden \u00f6\u011fren\u00addikleri evlilik \u015fekli de ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Bu grup
\nkad\u0131nlar\u0131n %78\u2032 inin aileleri g\u00f6r\u00fcc\u00fc usu\u00adl\u00fc veya berdel ile bir araya
\ngelmi\u015ftir. \u00a0So\u00adnu\u00e7 olarak s\u00f6ylenebilinir
\nki, yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan kuma gelen kad\u0131nlar evlilik konusunda kurbanl\u0131k koyun gibi
\nhareket etmekte \u00f6nlerine gelen ilk f\u0131rsat\u0131, kuma dahi gitse nasip-k\u0131smet
\ndiyerek kabul etmektedir. Zira bu grup kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun, evlilik
\nkonusunda ve kuma konusunda bir bilgileri yoktur. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmada, hem yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkeden
\nkuma gelen kad\u0131nlar \u00fczerinde hem de\u00a0T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7inden kuma gelen
\nkad\u0131nlarla,\u00a0\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yap\u0131ld\u0131. Kumal\u0131k da evlilik gibi\u00a0kad\u0131nlar
\ntaraf\u0131ndan kendi kararlar\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, \u00e7ok bilin\u00e7li yap\u0131lan bir tercih
\nde\u011fil. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den gelen kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u00a0%90\u2032 \u0131 kuma gelece\u011fini biliyorken
\nyabanc\u0131 kumalar\u0131n %85\u2019i kuma gelece\u011fini\u00a0biliyormu\u015f,
\nzorla\u00a0evlenenlerin oran\u0131.\u00a0T\u00fcrkiyeliler i\u00e7in %20 iken, yabanc\u0131lar i\u00e7in
\n% 15\u2019tir. Genel anlamda\u00a0\u00a0 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u00a0yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir. <\/span><\/p>\n
\nMecbur B\u0131rak\u0131lmakta<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
\nkuma\u00a0\u00a0 gelen\u00a0kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u00a0%55\u2032i\u00a0e\u015flerinin
\nkuma\u00a0\u00a0 getirece\u011finden\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 haber\u00addarken,
\nhaberdar\u00a0olan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n %40\u2032 \u0131\u00a0\u00e7ocuklar\u0131ndan
\ndolay\u0131\u00a0mecburen\u00a0 durumu\u00a0 ka\u00adbullenmek zorunda kal\u00adm\u0131\u015f.
\nDurumu bilsin veya\u00a0bilmesin, kabullensin veya kabullenme\u00adsin kad\u0131nlar\u0131n
\n%80\u2032 i \u00fczerine kuma gel\u00addi\u011finde \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f. Fakat yine de %80\u2019i e\u015finden
\nayr\u0131lmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemi\u015f. T\u00fcm kad\u0131nlar\u0131n %90\u2019\u0131 kumalar\u0131yla iyi ge\u00e7inirken, %95\u2019i
\nya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131ndan memnun rakamlar\u0131, ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n ilgi \u00e7eken istatistikleridir. Zira
\n\u00fczerine kuma gelen ilk e\u015flerin sadece %35\u2019i hayatla\u00adr\u0131n\u0131n daha k\u00f6t\u00fcye gitti\u011fini
\nbelirtmi\u015ftir. %15 gibi bir oranla e\u015flerinin kendilerine kar\u015f\u0131 ilgilerinin
\nartt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyenler bile var. Bu veriler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kad\u0131nlar\u0131n kuma-l\u0131\u011fa dair
\n\u00e7ok problemleri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6y\u00adlenebilir. Bu bize, ana sorunun kumal\u0131k de\u011fil
\ndi\u011fer problemler oldu\u011funu i\u015faret etmektedir. Y\u00fczeysel bir istatistiksel bak\u0131\u015fla
\nka\u00add\u0131nlar\u0131n kumal\u0131\u011fa dair g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri olumlu olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclse de, asl\u0131nda s\u00f6zl\u00fc
\ntarih \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda kad\u0131nlar\u0131n i\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n bu kadar da ya\u015fan\u0131lanlara \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131
\nbak\u0131lmad\u0131\u00ad\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n
\nBir kuma geldi\u011finde di\u011fer kad\u0131n hi\u00e7le\u015ftirildi\u011fini hissetmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n
\nKad\u0131n, e\u015fini \u00f6zellikle cinsel a\u00e7\u0131\u00addan, di\u011fer bir kad\u0131nla payla\u015fmak isteme\u00admektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n
\nKad\u0131n, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na kendini feda etmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n
\n\u00e7aresizlik<\/span><\/p>\n
\nevlilik kurumu\u00adnun asl\u0131nda kendilerine ne gibi sorum\u00adluluklar getirdi\u011finin
\nfark\u0131nda olmadan ve ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131n sonras\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l ge\u00e7ire\u00adceklerine dair fikirleri
\nolmadan, kumal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u015famlar\u0131nda g\u00f6rmelerine ra\u011fmen, kendi i\u00e7 d\u00fcnyalar\u0131nda ne t\u00fcr
\nbir y\u0131k\u0131ma yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmeden evlilik karar\u0131 vermektedirler. Bu bilin\u00e7siz
\nhareket, kendi sosyal d\u00fcnyalar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131nda olmayan erkekler
\na\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc arac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Asl\u0131nda kad\u0131nlar\u0131n sosyal
\nhayata kat\u0131lmamas\u0131, kendi evlerinin k\u00f6leleri olmalar\u0131, di\u011fer kentlerde oldu\u011fu
\ngibi sosyal ya\u015fam\u0131 fel\u00e7 etmi\u015f, kentin her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00fcreti\u00admini k\u0131s\u0131tlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kad\u0131nlar
\nya\u015famdan kopar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kapitalist sistemin yaratmak istedi\u011fi kad\u0131n d\u00fczenin bir
\nmeta haline getirilmi\u015ftir. <\/span><\/p>\n
\nFuhu\u015fu Kad\u0131n \u015eahs\u0131nda Me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
\nd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmeye y\u00f6nelik politikalar hayata ge\u00e7irilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6rnek olarak \u0130ran\u2019da Muta<\/strong><\/span> ya da Sighe <\/strong>diye an\u0131lan
\nk\u0131sa s\u00fcreli ge\u00e7ici evlilik vizesi diye bir \u015fey var, biz buna sevi\u015fme izni de
\ndiyebiliriz. Mollalardan parayla al\u0131nan bu izin sayesinde
\nsaatlik\/g\u00fcnl\u00fck\/haftal\u0131k\/ayl\u0131k evlilikler yap\u0131p zina yapmadan sevi\u015febilirler. Evlilik
\nd\u0131\u015f\u0131 ili\u015fkilerin ta\u015flanarak idama varan korkun\u00e7 uygulamalarla cezaland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131
\n\u0130ran\u2019da, \u0130slam Devrimi\u2019nden bu yana, \u015eii kesim aras\u0131nda eski bir gelenek olan
\nge\u00e7ici evlilikler \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n. \u015eii mezhebinde, erkeklerin, S\u00fcnni mezhebinde
\noldu\u011fu gibi, e\u015finin r\u0131zas\u0131 olmadan 1\u2019den fazla e\u015f edinme hakk\u0131 yok. Fakat
\nge\u00e7ici evliliklerin bu durumu ortadan kald\u0131rma amac\u0131yla uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bu
\nt\u00fcr evlilikte, bir erkek ve evli olmayan bir kad\u0131n belli bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in kendi
\naralar\u0131nda evlilik s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yap\u0131yorlar ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kad\u0131na bir miktar para
\nveriliyor. Belirlenen s\u00fcre, bir saat de olabiliyor 50 y\u0131l da. Bu s\u00fcre sonunda
\ntaraflar hi\u00e7bir bo\u015fanma i\u015flemine gerek olmadan ayr\u0131labiliyor ya da \u00e7ocuk olursa
\nve taraflar isterse kal\u0131c\u0131 evlili\u011fe ge\u00e7ebiliyorlar. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlara bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda
\nkad\u0131n D\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerinde kad\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n her alan\u0131nda k\u0131s\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bununla
\nbirlikte ikinci, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc e\u015f olma zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kapitalist sistemle
\nbirlikte kad\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclerek fuhu\u015f kad\u0131n \u015fahs\u0131nda me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n
\nwww.lekolin.info -www.navendalekolin.com -http:\/\/kursam.org\/index.html-
\nhttp:\/\/kursam.net\/index.html<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n\u0130\u00e7in Kuma VeriliyorKumal\u0131k Kapitalist Sistemin Bir SonucudurKad\u0131n \u0130kinci E\u015f Olma
\nVaadiyle Fuhu\u015fa S\u00fcr\u00fcklenmektedirKumal\u0131k Kader
\nNasip-K\u0131smet Mant\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Kabul EdiliyorKad\u0131nlar Kumal\u0131\u011fa
\nMecbur B\u0131rak\u0131lmakta1)2)3)\u00a04)\u00a0Kapitalist Sistem
\nFuhu\u015fu Kad\u0131n \u015eahs\u0131nda Me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131Sara Gulanwww.lekolin.com – www.lekolin.org – www.lekolin.net \u2013
\nwww.lekolin.info -www.navendalekolin.com -http:\/\/kursam.org\/index.html-
\nhttp:\/\/kursam.net\/index.html<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"