{"id":9919,"date":"2020-03-15T02:52:46","date_gmt":"2020-03-14T23:52:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/gelir-esitsizligi-ve-yoksullukta-ters-ruzgar\/"},"modified":"2020-05-05T13:22:39","modified_gmt":"2020-05-05T11:22:39","slug":"gelir-esitsizligi-ve-yoksullukta-ters-ruzgar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/gelir-esitsizligi-ve-yoksullukta-ters-ruzgar\/","title":{"rendered":"Gelir e\u015fitsizli\u011fi ve yoksullukta ters r\u00fczgar"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>26 Eyl\u00fcl 2016 Pazartesi Saat 07:48<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"detail content_14\" id=\"text_detail\">\n<div class=\"newsImage\">\n<b>Son iki d\u00f6nemde (May\u0131s ve Haziran) i\u015fsizlikte ya\u015fanan \u015fiddetli art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131rken \u00c7ar\u015famba g\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klanan gelir e\u015fitsizli\u011fi ve yoksulluk verileri r\u00fczgar\u0131n bu alanda da tersine d\u00f6nmekte olabilece\u011fine dair i\u015faretler verdi. Sadece toplumsal a\u00e7\u0131dan de\u011fil siyasal a\u00e7\u0131dan da \u00fczerinde durulmaya de\u011fer bir geli\u015fme<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/4776-1.jpg\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>T\u00dc\u0130K 2006 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren Avrupa \u0130statistik Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn<br \/>\n(Eurostat) standartlar\u0131n\u0131 esas alan Gelir ve Ya\u015fam Ko\u015fullar\u0131 Anketini (GYKA)<br \/>\ndevreye soktu. Anketin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 takip eden y\u0131l\u0131n Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda yay\u0131nl\u0131yor.<br \/>\n\u00c7ar\u015famba g\u00fcn\u00fc 2015 anketinin verileri yay\u0131nland\u0131. Gelir e\u015fitsizli\u011fi ve<br \/>\nyoksulluk siyasal ekonominin en s\u0131cak ve tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 konular\u0131ndan biridir. GYKA<br \/>\nverileri de bu alanda en kapsaml\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenilir (ya da en az sorunlu) kayna\u011f\u0131<br \/>\nolu\u015fturuyor. Bu bak\u0131mdan sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fck medyan\u0131n nispeten s\u0131\u011f aktar\u0131m\u0131ndan<br \/>\nbiraz daha derinlemesine tart\u0131\u015fmakta fayda var.<\/p>\n<p class=\" \">Gelir e\u015fitsizli\u011fi ile ba\u015flayal\u0131m. \u00d6nce bir noktay\u0131<br \/>\nnetle\u015ftirelim. T\u00dc\u0130K hanelerin gelirlerini sorgularken do\u011fal olarak \u00f6nceki y\u0131l\u0131n<br \/>\ngelirlerini (anket t\u00fcm y\u0131la yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan), ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 sorgularken ise<br \/>\ni\u00e7inde bulunulan y\u0131l\u0131n durumunu esas al\u0131yor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla gelir verileri<br \/>\n2005-2014 d\u00f6nemini, ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131 da 2006-2015 d\u00f6nemini kaps\u0131yor. T\u00dc\u0130K iki<br \/>\ngelir e\u015fitsizli\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc hesapl\u0131yor. Hane halk\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne g\u00f6re (yeti\u015fkin ve<br \/>\n\u00e7ocuk say\u0131lar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak) d\u00fczeltilmi\u015f fert gelirleri aras\u0131ndaki<br \/>\nfarklar\u0131n bir g\u00f6stergesi olan Gini katsay\u0131s\u0131 ile gelir dilimlerinin paylar\u0131<br \/>\naras\u0131ndaki farklar.<\/p>\n<p class=\" \">2005\u2019ten 2013\u2019e her iki \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm de gelir e\u015fitsizli\u011finin, 2008<br \/>\nkriz y\u0131l\u0131 hari\u00e7, azalmakta oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyordu. Gini katsay\u0131s\u0131 y\u00fczde 42,8\u2019den<br \/>\n2013\u2019te y\u00fczde 39,1\u2019e kadar gerilemi\u015fti. Buna ra\u011fmen T\u00fcrkiye e\u015fitsizlikte<br \/>\nAvrupa\u2019daki birinci s\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131 korumu\u015ftu. Ama yine de s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 da olsa AKP<br \/>\niktidar\u0131n\u0131n hakl\u0131 olarak \u00f6v\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir iyile\u015fme s\u00f6z konusuydu. Son a\u00e7\u0131klanan<br \/>\nveriler Gini katsay\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 2014\u2019te y\u00fczde 39,7 y\u00fckseldi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor.<br \/>\nAvrupa\u2019n\u0131n e\u015fitlik\u00e7i \u00fclkelerinde bu oran y\u00fczde 25 civar\u0131nda.<\/p>\n<p class=\" \">Gelir gruplar\u0131n\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 paylar da bu bozulmay\u0131 do\u011fruluyor.<br \/>\nT\u00dc\u0130K haber b\u00fclteninde y\u00fczde 20\u2019lik dilimlerin paylar\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011finden medyada da<br \/>\nbu rakamlar dikkate al\u0131n\u0131yor. Ama ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 tablolarda y\u00fczde 5 lik dilimlerin<br \/>\npaylar\u0131 da mevcut. E\u015fitsizli\u011fin daha \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir foto\u011fraf\u0131n\u0131 aktarmak i\u00e7in bu<br \/>\nrakamlar\u0131 izleyelim. 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gelirli y\u00fczde 5\u2019in pay\u0131 y\u00fczde<br \/>\n0,7\u2019den 2013\u2019te y\u00fczde 1\u2019e \u00e7\u0131karken en y\u00fcksek gelirli y\u00fczde 5\u2019in pay\u0131 y\u00fczde<br \/>\n21,4\u2019ten y\u00fczde 19,6\u2019ya d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. 2014\u2019te ise en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck y\u00fczde 5\u2019in pay\u0131 0,9\u2019a<br \/>\ngerilerken en y\u00fcksek y\u00fczde 5\u2019in pay\u0131 20,2\u2019ye \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Di\u011fer ifadeyle, gelir<br \/>\nfark\u0131 \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gelirli ile y\u00fcksek gelirli grup aras\u0131ndaki fark 30 kattan 20<br \/>\nkata gerilemi\u015fken bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde 22 kata y\u00fckselmi\u015f.<\/p>\n<p class=\" \">Gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131ndaki bu bozulman\u0131n nedenlerini<br \/>\nbelirleyebilmek i\u00e7in mikro verilerin yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131n\u0131 beklemek gerekiyor.<br \/>\nEkonomik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar gelir e\u015fitsizli\u011finde yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fte g\u00f6zlemlenen iyile\u015fmenin<br \/>\n\u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcksek reel faizlerde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen sert d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f s\u00fcreci<br \/>\nsayesinde finansal gelirlerdeki gerilmeden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015fti. Sosyal<br \/>\ndesteklerin katk\u0131s\u0131nda bir art\u0131\u015f olmakla birlikte bunun \u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131<br \/>\nara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n di\u011fer \u00f6nemli bulgusuydu. Finansal varl\u0131klar\u0131n reel getirileri<br \/>\ny\u00fczde 1-2 gibi \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviyede seyretmeye devam etti\u011fine, sosyal desteklerde<br \/>\nde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011fine g\u00f6re gelir e\u015fitsizli\u011finde azalman\u0131n sonuna<br \/>\ngelmi\u015f olabiliriz.<\/p>\n<p class=\" \">Yoksulluk g\u00f6stergelerine gelince. T\u00dc\u0130K iki \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm yap\u0131yor:<br \/>\n\u201cYoksulluk riski  ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda asl\u0131nda bir \u00e7e\u015fit gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 hesapl\u0131yor. \u00dclke<br \/>\nd\u00fczeyindeki ortanca gelirin y\u00fczde 50\u2019si ya da y\u00fczde 60\u2019\u0131 yoksulluk s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 kabul<br \/>\nediliyor ve s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n alt\u0131nda kalanlar\u0131n yoksulluk riski alt\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu kabul<br \/>\nediliyor. T\u00fcrkiye b\u00f6lgeler aras\u0131nda muazzam bir gelir e\u015fitsizli\u011finden mustarip<br \/>\noldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bu \u00e7ok sorunlu bir g\u00f6sterge. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u0130stanbul\u2019da her 20 ki\u015fiden<br \/>\nyakla\u015f\u0131k biri yoksulluk s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 alt\u0131nda kal\u0131rken bu oran G\u00fcney-Do\u011fu\u2019da her \u00fc\u00e7<br \/>\nki\u015fiden ikisi gibi bir rakama \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc ge\u00e7elim. \u201cCiddi Maddi<br \/>\nYoksunluk  ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda hesaplanan di\u011fer g\u00f6sterge gelire dayal\u0131 olmay\u0131p do\u011frudan<br \/>\nbaz\u0131 temel harcamalar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131p kar\u015f\u0131lanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sorguluyor.<\/p>\n<p class=\" \">Hanelere gelirlerinin iki g\u00fcnde bir et, tavuk, bal\u0131k yeme\u011fe,<br \/>\nevin \u0131s\u0131nma ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131, beklenmedik harcamalar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaya, evden uzakta bir<br \/>\nhaftal\u0131k tatil yapmaya yetip yetmedi\u011fi, kira, konut kredisi, bor\u00e7 \u00f6demelerinde<br \/>\nzorlan\u0131p zorlanmad\u0131klar\u0131, renkli televizyona, \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131r makinesine, otomobile<br \/>\nsahip olup olmad\u0131klar\u0131 soruluyor. Toplam dokuz adet yeterlilik ve varl\u0131k<br \/>\nunsurundan d\u00f6rd\u00fcn\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131layamayanlar ciddi maddi yoksunluk (ya da yoksulluk)<br \/>\ni\u00e7inde say\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p class=\" \">Bu yoksulluk \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc ilk yay\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda (2006) y\u00fczde 60,4<br \/>\ngibi \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek bir orandan yola \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131 bu oran\u0131n son derece<br \/>\nabart\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funu ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcm. T\u00fcrkiye ile a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 ayn\u0131<br \/>\ngelir d\u00fczeyine sahip Bulgaristan\u2019da bile (gelir e\u015fitsizli\u011fi \u00e7ok daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck) bu<br \/>\noran y\u00fczde 30 k\u00fcsurlardayd\u0131. Nihayet T\u00dc\u0130K 2013\u2019te baz\u0131 anket sorular\u0131nda<br \/>\n(beslenme, \u0131s\u0131nma, beklenmedik harcamalar\u0131 kar\u0131\u015flama) ifade de\u011fi\u015fikliklerine<br \/>\ngitti. 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fczde 55\u2019e kadar gerilemi\u015f olan maddi yoksunluk oran\u0131<br \/>\n2013\u2019te y\u00fczde 43,8\u2019e, ard\u0131ndan 2014\u2019te y\u00fczde 29 4\u2019e adeta serbest d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f yapt\u0131.<br \/>\nT\u00dc\u0130K bug\u00fcne dek bu d\u00fczeltmeye y\u00f6nelik yeterince \u015feffaf bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yapm\u0131\u015f<br \/>\nde\u011fil. Yine de gelinen oran\u0131n daha kabul edilebilir bir d\u00fczeye geldi\u011fi<br \/>\ns\u00f6ylenebilir. \u00d6nemli nokta maddi yoksunluk oran\u0131n\u0131n 2015\u2019te y\u00fczde 30,3\u2019e<br \/>\ny\u00fckselerek \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fa ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131. Bu oranla bile Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n hemen ard\u0131ndan<br \/>\nAvrupa\u2019da ikinci s\u0131rada oldu\u011fumuzu belirtelim.<\/p>\n<p class=\" \">Maddi yoksunlukta art\u0131\u015f nereden kaynakland\u0131? Okurlar\u0131 daha<br \/>\nfazla rakama bo\u011fmamak i\u00e7in ba\u015fl\u0131ca iki kayna\u011f\u0131 vurgulamakla yetinmek istiyorum.<br \/>\nKonut masraflar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamada ve bor\u00e7 taksitlerini \u00f6demede kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan<br \/>\nzorlukta y\u00fcksek art\u0131\u015flar s\u00f6z konusu. Konut masraflar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lama zorlu\u011fu<br \/>\nneredeyse t\u00fcm gelir gruplar\u0131na yay\u0131l\u0131rken, bor\u00e7 taksitlerinde zorluk daha<br \/>\nziyade orta ve orta \u00fcst gelir gruplar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Ne de olsa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<br \/>\ngelirliler kredi \u00e7ekecek durumda de\u011filler.<\/p>\n<p class=\" \">Gelir e\u015fitsizli\u011finde ve yoksullukta r\u00fczg\u00e2r tersten esmeye<br \/>\ndevam eder mi? Bu sorunun kesin yan\u0131t\u0131 gelecek y\u0131l Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda belli olacak.<br \/>\n\u0130ki hat\u0131rlatmayla yetinelim. Bu y\u0131l d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretlerde meydana gelen art\u0131\u015flar<br \/>\nolumlu etki yaparken, ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmede ve i\u015fsizlikte g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flanan<br \/>\ns\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n olumsuz etkileri s\u00f6z konusu.<span>\u00a0<br \/>\n<\/span><strong><em>Seyfettin G\u00fcrsel, T24<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\" \">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\" \"><strong>K\u00fcrdistan Stratejik Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Merkezi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\" \"><strong>www.lekolin.com &#8211; www.lekolin.org &#8211; www.lekolin.net \u2013<br \/>\nwww.lekolin.info -www.navendalekolin.com -http:\/\/kursam.org\/index.html<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\" \">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\" \">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\" \">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>  0<\/p>\n<p>  21<\/p>\n<p>  TR<\/p>\n<p>  HE<\/p>\n<p>\t  :&#8221; &#8221; <\/p>\n<p>\t :&#8221;&#8221; <\/p>\n<p>\t &#8221; &#8220;,&#8221; &#8221; <\/p>\n<p>\t<!-- parveke begin --><\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\"><\/div>\n<p><!-- parveke END -->\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><b>Son iki d\u00f6nemde (May\u0131s ve Haziran) i\u015fsizlikte ya\u015fanan \u015fiddetli art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131rken \u00c7ar\u015famba g\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klanan gelir e\u015fitsizli\u011fi ve yoksulluk verileri r\u00fczgar\u0131n bu alanda da tersine d\u00f6nmekte olabilece\u011fine dair i\u015faretler verdi. Sadece toplumsal a\u00e7\u0131dan de\u011fil siyasal a\u00e7\u0131dan da \u00fczerinde durulmaya de\u011fer bir geli\u015fme<\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9920,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"jnews_post_split":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[32,1992,1991,31,36,33,30,1995,1994,35,34,80,1993],"class_list":["post-9919","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-basindan-secmeler","tag-arastirma","tag-esitsizligi","tag-gelir","tag-kurdi","tag-kurdish","tag-kurdistan","tag-lekolin","tag-ruzgar","tag-ters","tag-turkish","tag-turkiye","tag-ve","tag-yoksullukta"],"acf":[],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9919","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9919"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9919\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11046,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9919\/revisions\/11046"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9920"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9919"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9919"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lekolin.org\/ku\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9919"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}